Two days later, William received no reply from the Archbishop of Krakow, nor any other news. otbnkotgt After promising the serfs that if they did well, this year's autumn grain would be exempted from 10% tax, the enthusiasm of the serfs of Baudelaire, Sandomitz and Vitra increased significantly.
New farming techniques were rapidly promoted.
At the same time, William also began to experiment with another, more advanced intercropping technology.
Intercropping technology of wheat and soybeans.
To make ridges, soybeans are planted on the ridges.
After they are mature and harvested, the bean plants are buried in the ridges, leveled, and then the ridges are turned into ridges.
If you interplant in this way, you will get more harvest than four-bed rotation, and the results will be faster.
It's just that the intercropping lacks high-quality alfalfa grass, which has a certain impact on animal husbandry.
"But these days, food is the most important hard currency.
It's impossible not to have enough food."
William thought for a while, and then decided to change some fields to interplanting wheat and soybeans.
At the same time, some wasteland was specially opened up to plant alfalfa.
In addition to this, William also began to consider two other sources of fertilizer.
There are three types of agricultural fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
The most important nitrogen fertilizer was originally the best source of fertilized fertilizers from human and animal excrement.
Originally, this source could not be used due to religious issues.
But after William learned that Father Peter was not actually a professional savant, but a two-faced man, he had an idea.
After getting the approval of Father Peter, William began to issue his first decree as the heir to the Hereford family and the future Duke and Chancellor in the name of cleaning up public health, the Sanitary Management and Epidemic Prevention Act.
Regulations stipulate that all farms must build collective toilets.
Dig a deep pit.
All defecation and defecation must be done in special toilets, and violators will be fined.
At the same time, for livestock raising cattle, sheep, horses, pigs, and poultry, the large amounts of poultry and livestock manure must also be concentrated and put into a unified septic tank.
These feces will naturally ferment in public toilets and become a source of manure.
As for phosphate fertilizer, this is more difficult.
In addition to natural phosphate rocks, only animal bones have high phosphorus content.
This is also the reason why will-o'-the-wisps are often seen in cemeteries.
Those will-o'-the-wisps are actually phosphorus fire contained in bones.
At the same time, the Jiangnan water town in southern China has high crop yields.
One of the reasons is that there are various small fish in the paddy fields.
After the fish die, the phosphorus in the fish bones becomes a natural fertilizer.
William's territory is adjacent to the Vistula River, and the river is rich in fresh food and fisheries.
Originally, all the leftover fish bones and other things were thrown away.
This time, William gave his first order as the Earl of Vitra, the heir to the Hereford family, and the future Duke and Chancellor.
Law, a law that makes people feel dumbfounded: Fish skeleton collection order This decree stipulated that all bones consumed in the five places of Hereford, Baudelaire, Sandomitz, Vitra and Circassian must be handed over uniformly.
Whether it is fish bones, crab shells, shrimp shells, shells, pigs, horses, cattle and sheep and other bones, various bird feathers and poultry bones, all must be turned in, collected by special personnel, and then ground into powder.
The source of potassium fertilizer is plant ash.
No coal mines have yet been discovered in William's territory.
It seems that the Britons were so weird that they discovered such a good thing as open-air, shallow, and large amounts of high-quality anthracite in their own land.
William did not catch up.
At present, the most commonly used materials in William's territory are firewood and wheat straw.
Therefore, the amount of plant ash produced by domestic heating is extremely large.
When these three things are mixed together, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all available, although it is indeed impossible to use them as well as chemical fertilizers, and the quantity is also slightly insufficient.
But having it is better than not having it.
Therefore, while William was promoting new farming and production technologies, he did one more thing, which was to travel between farms, instructing people to build public toilets, and ordering the stewards of each farm, the mayors of each town, and the squires. , to implement the two decrees he issued.
After that, there is the problem of soybeans.
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Shalomi once went to William and asked him why he planted so many soybeans and why he didn't plant more grains: "William, if you want to eat, eating soybeans every meal is a bit boring, isn't it?"
It doesn’t take that much to feed a war horse.
Do you want to use it to raise pigs?
That would be too wasteful.”
"It's used to extract oil."
William said matter-of-factly.
"Extracting oil" Shalumi was baffled.
"Yes, soybeans can't be used for anything other than oil extraction, right?"
William's eyes sparkled: "Of course, in addition to oil extraction, other food processing must also be carried out.
Xialumi Have you ever heard of a proverb?”
"What a proverb" "No one who sells soybeans will ever lose money."
"Why?"
Shalumi still felt baffled.
"Because if the soybeans cannot be sold, you can use the beans to eat raw bean sprouts, or use the soybeans to extract oil, or make tofu.
If the tofu cannot be sold, you can make stinky tofu, or you can grind the beans into soy milk and drink it, or you can ferment it to make soy sauce.
In short, Soybeans have many uses, so you don’t have to worry about it, you will definitely make money.”
Just like what William said.
Beans in this day and age really had no use other than eating.
As for using soybean oil to make margarine, or using industrial grease, there is no shadow at all.
Well, William has not thought about such high-tech things at present.
As long as the soybean oil extraction thing can be solved, the Hereford family will be rich.
In this era, most of the fats used in the human world are animal fats, of which lard is the most common.
The vegetable oil is traditional olive oil.
The problem is that olives are limited in their growth and can only be grown in subtropical Mediterranean climates, which is cheaper than in several southern countries.
That is, the countries surrounding the blue sea.
In those countries, olive oil is a very important trade item.
It's even called liquid gold.
Those countries that are geographically located in the north can only look at it with greed.
But soybeans are much better.
They are annual herbs with a short growth cycle and are not very picky about geographical conditions.
Bean roots also have the function of fixing nitrogen and can be said to be one of the best economic crops in classical times.
And it is not very difficult to press oil using local methods.
In William's spiritual reading room, there are also things related to this aspect.
This is mainly due to the documentary "China on the Bite of the Tongue" that I watched before, which has a detailed introduction to traditional oil extraction.
Although it may not be completely correct when talking about documentaries.
But the general craftsmanship should be similar.
The soybeans are pressed for oil, and the remaining bean cakes can be used as high-grade feed, or further processed into soy sauce, or made into tofu.
Considering people's ability to accept new foods in this era, William feels that tofu has a bright future.
In this way, in addition to being busy with agricultural reform, William became busy again, setting up an oil pressing workshop.
The tools and labor used for oil extraction are not available in the north.
So William asked businessmen to go to the warm south and find reliable olive oil presses here.
Although the oil extraction processes of the two crops are slightly different, they are similar.
It's better than doing it by a stranger anyway.
The harvest of soybeans will have to wait until autumn, and William still has a lot of time.
Agricultural reforms increased the number of food crops produced by the land, and then soybeans were extracted for oil.
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Both of these are very "money-making" things.
Whether it is grain or oil, they are popular hard currencies in this era and can be sold for a lot of money.
William was complacent as he imagined that he would have a bumper harvest of grain and soybeans and then export them in exchange for large sums of money.
Although agriculture is definitely not as profitable as industrial manufacturing.
But the problem is that William's current situation can be said to be very poor.
He has no capital, no technology, and not enough citizens and industrial workers.
All he had was a large number of serfs and large tracts of land.
The Grand Duchy of Mazovia, the southern part of the Kingdom of Ruthenia, and the large tracts of land along the Black Sea coast that are currently under the rule of the Tartariya Khanate are all fertile lands that are extremely suitable for farming.
The water source is abundant and the terrain is flat.
Under such circumstances, those who do not vigorously develop agriculture are simply idiots.
To take a step back, even if William wants to develop industrial manufacturing, he must have money.
Yes, he must have capital.
Currently, due to insufficient production and farming technology, the prices of grain and edible oil remain high.
In the current year, the price of one hundred kilograms of semolina can reach seventeen silver marks in a normal year, from spring to summer when the harvest is harvested and the harvest is lean.
During the summer grain harvest, the price drops significantly during the autumn grain harvest, reaching ten silver marks.
In winter it remained at twelve to fifteen silver marks.
Each silver mark, a small silver coin commonly used in the Ostrogothic Empire, had a standard silver content of 70% and a weight of about five grams.
William's salary for the new army soldiers was five silver marks per month.
The commission for mercenaries was four times that amount, reaching twenty silver marks per month.
Currently, the five territories owned by the Hereford family have more than 600,000 acres of land on their books.
Because the accounts have not been touched for a long time, they are not accurate.
If there was a thorough inventory of the fields that were concealed and cultivated privately, William felt that the number of acres could be doubled.
Today, the Circassian Earldom, which William once presided over and has initially implemented agricultural reforms, has an output of about 170 kilograms per mu.
William believes that with all the fertilizers available, the yield per acre can reach 200 kilograms.
The Circassian Earldom is rich in water resources, which is unmatched by other territories.
Then the requirement is lowered a bit, to 150 kilograms.
The agricultural tax burden set by William was slightly lower than that of other nobles, and they had to pay 60%, which was 90 kilograms.
On average, there are 90 kilograms of grain per mu, and the number of acres of land is 600,000 mu.
So it would be 5.4 million kilograms.
According to the lowest grain price, if one hundred kilograms equals ten silver marks, it would be 540,000 silver marks.
That doubles in summer and autumn to 1.08 million.
In other words, if William does nothing but only grows food and raises troops, the standing troops he can afford are 18,000 new troops or 4,500 mercenaries.
This power was enough for him to overthrow the current Grand Duke of Mazovia.
Even enough for him to become King Wende. 160420oshow7: