This one is more laborious, because I haven't seen a book that restores the scene of rural tax collection in the Ming Dynasty. otbnkotgt The institutional design of the dynasty was completely determined by the mind of the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang.
For example, in the case of tax collection, he believed that corrupt officials would take the opportunity to fish in the countryside and make the people unbearable, so he came up with a method of governing the good people with good people, and according to the level of taxation, a county was divided into several grain districts, and the rich households with the largest land yield and the best reputation were the grain chiefs, who were fully responsible for the collection of taxes and grain.
Usually a grain chief is responsible for the tax collection task of several thousand to 10,000 stones, but there are as few as hundreds of stones, which is mainly related to the geographical environment of the state and county, such as Fuyang County, where the eight mountains and half water and half fields, the population is scattered, and the cultivated land is also small, and a grain chief is basically responsible for the tax collection task of a township, more than ten miles, and more than a thousand stones.
Every tax season, the chief of grain and the deputy chief of grain in the district will inform the chief of each mile to organize the villagers to pay grain at the designated place during the designated period.
During this period, the government will send a secretary office to act as an accountant and supervise the actual practice.
This kind of semi-official collection method is naturally not very efficient, and the people can pay taxes for up to two or three miles a day, and collect it in seven or eight days, which is considered to be very powerful.
In fact, there are a lot, two or three miles is two or three hundred households, and the baht of a household must be investigated, and the work is indeed very heavy.
These days are to collect grain, and the grain chief and the county clerk office all go to the river port before dawn, set up the table, spread out the books, and wait for the people to come to pay the tax.
As soon as the sky was polished, there were more than a dozen open boats, breaking through the early morning fog and approaching the river port of Shangxinxiang.
The boat was covered with straw mats, and the hull of the boat was pressed very low, and it was naturally filled with new rice, which was the closest mile to the town, and the people came to pay their taxes.
The old worker on the wharf loudly reminded the lieutenant commander who led the team to park the boat as tightly as possible so as to make room for the ships that paid taxes later.
The national dynasty line is a system, one mile and ten jia, a total of 110 households.
Among them, the top ten households are called the chief households, and the head of the household takes turns to be the chief household.
The remaining 100 households are called the first household, and they take turns to be the first household.
Therefore, under the head of the house, there are always ten heads, and each head is in charge of ten households.
The lieutenant commander instructed the chiefs to do so, and he jumped up to the port, and when he came to the end of the narrow trestle, he saw a long table in front of him.
There are books and inks on the table, and two chairs resting behind the table.
On the chair on the left sat Chao Tianjiao, who was dressed in a purple shirt and a hat on his head, and on the right sat a young man wearing a scarf and a white shirt, which should be the secretary from the county.
Li Chang saluted the two of them, and Fang said to Chao Tianjiao: "Justice, our eighteen-mile autumn grain has arrived, and I bother you to collect and inspect it." ” "Hmm."
Chao Tian squeezed his beard, looked at Wang Xian, and after he nodded, he said, "Old rules, the upper class will come first." ” "Fair nobles forget things, we don't have a first-class household in eighteen miles."
The lieutenant laughed with him.
"Again, it must be paid according to the re-approved book."
Chao Tianjiao flipped through the account books and said: "There are three households in total, one for the upper, middle and one for the bottom. ” "Ah," the lieutenant said, "I haven't heard of it before." ” "Haven't you heard of this?"
Chao Tianjiao said slowly: "There are also ten more middle households."
Well, this is the list, you tell these thirteen households, let them either pay part of it today, and then make up for it tomorrow, or pay it all together tomorrow.
He coughed and said, "Let the rest of the people pay the taxes first." ” "This, at this time, how to explain" The lieutenant chief took the list and said sadly: "Those who are promoted to the household must be scolded to death."
"The Ming Dynasty divided the people into three classes and nine rules according to their land, wealth, and population.
The lower the rank, the lower the tax rate, and the higher the rank, the higher the tax rate.
The lowest tax for the lower class households is 30 and 1, and the highest tax for the upper class is 10 taxes, and the difference between the top and bottom is three times, and it is no wonder that the people are so low-key and humble, and their families have thousands of acres of fertile land, and they also say that they are medium-sized families, and those who have 100 acres of land are all inferior to themselves.
Of course, it is up to the government to decide what to do, and this breeds a huge space for rent-seeking.
Every year during the registration season, it is a feast for the household scribes, the chief, and the head of the house.
With vital interests, every household does not dare to save this money.
If you take the money, you have to do things for others, and now you tell others that you can't do it, not only is it painful to return the money, but there is also a trouble of unevenness.
Why is my family not someone else's unlucky family, I have to scold him to death.
"Just talk to them directly" Standing next to Chao Tianjiao, it was his younger brother Chao Dijiao, who rolled his eyes when he heard this: "No matter what, they have to pay this amount this year, if they don't want to pay, it's okay."
When the deadline expires, the government will chase after it, and when the time comes, it will be slowly theorized with the poor master. ” Don't look at the first half of tax collection, it is to govern the good people with good people, and it is not mandatory to do XG.
But once there is a default, the government will show its hideous face and send people to the countryside to urge the class.
That kind of disturbance can be described as chickens flying and dogs jumping, ghosts crying and wolves howling.
If you still don't pay the reminder, the government will chase after you, play the board, stand in the flail, and make up the tax arrears if you don't want to go bankrupt Seeing that he couldn't be reasonable, Li Chang had to turn back and let the villagers of the first class go to pay the taxes first, but left one of them and said, "Your family quilt."
Revised upwards to medium. ” "Why" the man's reaction was the same, and he was shocked: "Didn't you book an inferior class?"
"This is Wang Ba's ass rule," the chief spread his hands and said: "I was also promoted to the top class, how can I reason." ” "No, I also gave money" The villagers are straight, and they spewed out angry words from their simple hearts: "Why don't others rise, my family will rise" The villagers cast sympathetic glances at him.
"Everyone is happy, you are happy" Li Chang said angrily: "The county lord is too loose, let the following be tight, just this year, your family will pay more, next year his family will pay more, there is only one round in ten years, what are you shouting" said and scolded others: "Don't you hurry up to pay taxes, do you want to follow the rise?"
The villagers turned from sympathy to anger, no longer paying attention to the quarrel between him and the lieutenant, scrambling to unload the ship and carry the burden to line up to pay the grain.
The first villager to hand over the grain reported his name to Chao Chengcheng.
Chao Tianjiao flipped through the books of his house and sang: "Eighteen miles and a first household, the head of the household, Ji Danian, inferior and superior, pay three buckets of rice and six liters, and seven taels and two coins of silk."
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He did not use the white book approved by the government, but the private book of his own statistics.
That season of the big year should be called, and a bundle of silk was handed over to the tax collector, and the deputy grain chief who passed the scale grabbed it casually, and said with a straight face: "Too cháo pressure scale, eight percent discount, nine taels should be collected."
This is talking nonsense with open eyes, but the common people have been used to it for so many years, and that Ji Danian said with a smile: "You call it old, it's exactly nine taels."
"People are swords, I am fish and meat, if you dare to object, he will still play with his hands and feet in the weighing later, and you must pay a catty.
Here, the deputy grain chief weighed the weight of the silk and sang: "The silk is taxed" Ji Danian's two sons over there also encountered the same trouble when handing over the grain, and Chao Dijiao, who collected the grain, grabbed a handful of rice and said: "Taicháo pressure scale is nine percent off and four buckets should be collected."
Ji Danian's two sons also didn't dare to say anything, and carefully poured the grain on the burden into the white rice with white flowers written on it, which is a standard container used by the government to measure grain, so that the grain can be collected without weighing it, just use different Hu to combine.
According to the regulations, the grain in the Hu should be full, not to mention, it has to go beyond the Hu wall, and pile it into a sharp pile The two sons of the Ji family, according to the requirements, will not be full anymore, just about to breathe a sigh of relief for the final tax payment.
But he saw that Na Chao Jiao pulled up the placket of his robe, took two steps back, held his breath, sank his dantian, and then shouted, rushed to Hu, and kicked it violently The rice beyond the Hubi part naturally fell to the ground in an uproar, and the son of the Ji family hurriedly went to pick it up, but he heard Chao Dijiao and said loudly: "Don't pick it up, this is a loss, don't hand it over if you don't hear it."
The son of the Ji family had no choice but to fill Hu again Wang Xian, who witnessed this scene, was naturally dumbfounded.
Chao Tianjiao on the side said slightly smugly: "This kick is called kicking the tip of the hu, kicking the hu, which can make the rice grains dense and rich for reloading."
The tip that pours down is considered to be envious. ” "The villagers can be convinced" Wang Xian swallowed his saliva and said, this foot down, at least half a bucket of rice.
"If you are not satisfied, you can not pay, and when you wait for the government to collect it, it will be more than that."
Chao Tianjiao said indifferently: "It has been like this for thousands of years, what can you do if you don't accept it?"
"Alas, it's really unnecessary," Wang Xianxin said, making Hu a little bigger, isn't the effect the same, and it looks better.
"Hehe" Chao Tian smiled and said: "Half of the rice sprinkled on the ground belongs to the petty officials."
"Hmm" Wang Xian coughed dryly, his father told him that he can't take the money that loses his conscience, and he doesn't have to refuse, because if you don't take it, it will all go into other people's pockets, and people will scold you for being a stupid pig Emperor Taizu was sympathetic to the people, and the tax rate set was extremely low, even with these flowers, the villagers could afford it.
This is also the benefit of letting the grain chief collect taxes, they are natives, they dare not exploit too much, provoke the people, basically will not exceed the scope of the villagers.
At the end of the busy day, he collected the grain of three hundred and thirty households and 1,500 people.
In fact, after more than 40 years of recuperation, there were more than 2,000 people in these three miles, but in order to avoid taxes, all of them hid and did not report and became black households.
So don't look at the weakness of paying taxes, it's full of dark battles with tax collection As for the fairness of tax collection, it is to collect and solve the two accounts according to the standard of the Hongwu period, and according to the white book approved by the government.
Between the retractions, almost two percent were intercepted.
These two into twenty-eight accounts, two percent belonged to Chao Tianjiao, and eighty percent was brought back to the yamen by Wang Xian and handed over to the household for processing.
As for the grain on the ground, the government will not be able to see it, and the tax collectors will divide the matter privately, so it is said that this is a fat gap.
When it was dark, the grain that should have been paid had been put into the warehouse, and the part that was intercepted and those consumed was directly sold to the grain merchants and transported away overnight: