Knock knock, Fernando in the study heard a gentle knock on the door.
"So early" Fernando stared at Lucien with slightly cloudy red eyes, and suddenly had a subconscious vigilance and vigilance against his abnormality.
Lucien lowered his head and smiled, "It was just time for the sun to rise after writing the paper, so I came straight over." ” "What paper" Fernando has a dangerous premonition, this is not from the main star of fate, but the "crystallization of wisdom" condensed in the same situation repeatedly, "Is there a subversion of the surname" Lucien thought for a moment and nodded affirmatively: "Yes, but it is only based on the observation of a large number of experimental results, and there is no rigorous proof, and it is not excluded that other theories or covers that include these observed phenomena in the future." ” "Bring it."
Fernando breathed a sigh of relief, so that no matter how subversive the theory was, he could not blow his head out without the arguments to determine the surname.
Lucien took out a paper and handed it over, and when Fernando looked at the title, his expression immediately turned bad.
"Probabilistic Interpretation of Wave Functions."
He pronounced the title of the paper word by word, and vaguely guessed the contents, and the large number of experiments he had done over the past few years on electron scattering and diffraction seemed to reveal something, and the reality that Oliver's interpretation of the wave function could not match some of the experimental results seemed to indicate something.
Flipping through the papers, Fernando read them without saying a word, and the atmosphere around him became more and more depressing, as if a real storm was about to come.
Suddenly, he raised his head, his red eyes flashed with countless electric lights, and he said dangerously: "You mean that the wave function is not a wave in the normal sense, but a probability wave."
Lucien met the teacher's dangerous gaze without fear: "Yes, through the observation of a large number of experimental results, by introducing the content of Chloe's statistics in the field of molecular motion, we can describe the wave function in this way, which represents the probability of an electron appearing at a certain position in space. ” Fernando seems to be suppressing great anger: "Then it has a definite position on the acceptance screen, and the probability is 100 percent" There is no doubt about it, every Arcanist has seen the experimental phenomenon of electrons emitted into the sensor screen and causing fluorescent spots, and its location is certain and certain.
Lucien could understand the teacher's mood, and said very seriously: "For example, without knowing the external conditions, we toss a coin, in the whole process, we can only say that it has a certain possibility to prove that it is face up, but when it falls to the ground, the result has been determined, and there will be no change, the probability is naturally 100%, we are talking about the electrons before the observation, not the electrons that have been determined after the observation." ” In this way, Fernando understood it better, his mood eased slightly, and he grasped the point: "Before and after observation, before we observe, according to your interpretation, electrons will likely appear anywhere in space, but the probability of appearing in some places is greater."
He couldn't imagine the existence of electrons at all Fernando was able to accept the coin without hindrance, that it was a constant change of heads and tails, which led to different landing possibilities, but what about electrons, because it describes the probability of spatial position, it is possible anywhere, doesn't this mean that at the same time, it can be here, it may be there, it is everywhere This is more ridiculous and ridiculous than any magic At least so far, except for the god-like level that cannot be known, no mage has been able to create such a magic and make himself exist in a similar state Lucien made an analogy: "Before observation, the electron is like an illusory cloud with no substance, it permeates space, it is everywhere, it is all possible superposition, and the thicker place is where it has a higher probability of appearing, but it does not mean that after observation, it will definitely appear here." ” "Before observation, the electron was something we could not imagine, a contradictory and unified monster with a wave-particle duality, so we could not imagine its state with the original concept, which was meaningless, and we could only describe it from the results of experiments that we could rigorously verify."
Fernando pressed his lips tightly, as if all he could open his mouth was a roar.
Lucien went further and said: "Actually, teacher, you should have observed through magic experiments that when we improve the magic array and reduce the number of electrons emitted at one time, we can see that the first thing that appears is not a diffraction image, but a chaotic electron-induced light spot, and with the increase in the number of electrons, it gradually constitutes a diffraction image, why?"
"This is because it is impossible to know exactly where a single electron appears after diffraction, it is probability, and we can only describe that it is more likely to appear here, so a small number of electrons will be in a chaotic state, but when the number is large enough, the whole will conform to the probability distribution, some places have more electrons, and some places have fewer electrons, so light and dark are mixed, and diffraction images appear."
"It's like when we toss a coin seven or eight times, we can't accurately guess how many times the coin will be heads up, but when the number of coin tosses reaches hundreds, thousands, tens of thousands, the number of heads up should be about half."
"If we could one day improve the magic array to emit only one electron at a time, things would be much clearer."
"Probability, probability" Fernando's expression was slightly distorted, as if he was about to eat probability.
He didn't need Lucien to explain to him the common sense of probability, which was one of the areas that he knew and excelled in as an authority on thermodynamics, and at this time, it occurred to him that the electron diffraction experiments he had done during this period of time were indeed as Lucian said, and the light spots were chaotic until the number of electrons was not large enough.
Such a clear picture made his hands tremble slightly, and the wind around him blew, blowing the paper in the study with a rattle: "Before observation, electrons are probabilistic clouds that permeate space, and after observation, it is a matter with a definite position, what happened in between" Lucien turned a blind eye to the wind, as calm as the grim reaper who pronounced the verdict: "The wave function collapsed, from the diffuse probability cloud to a small dot that determined its position, and the observation caused the wave function to collapse, and before the observation, what the shape of the electron was, it has nothing to do with us, it has no meaning" "Observation causes the wave function to collapse" snapped, a bolt of lightning lit up the study, destroying a statue, Fernando stood up violently, looking at Lucien menacingly, "Our observation, let the electron change its form" Lucien nodded: "Teacher, our means of observation are based on what we see things, because of the reflected light, because of the sound we hear, because of the ripples of the air oscillation, and in the microscopic field, even the slightest means of observation, such as photons, will disturb the electron, that is, our observation of the microscopic particle will inevitably lead to its change." ” "The interaction of microscopic particles" Fernando's face was a little better, and he probably understood why observation would cause the wave function to collapse, as for the previous probability cloud, which was incomprehensible and unimaginable, he decided to ignore it for the time being, and pointed to the core of Lucian's probability interpretation, "The activity of tossing a coin can strictly know the outcome of each time by knowing all kinds of external conditions, so it is not a real probability, it is a pseudo-probability, there is a cause and effect, and all initial states strictly and uniquely determine the final outcome, This is the basis of the astral system, and the basis of the whole of arcane and magic."
"The probability of electrons is also pseudo-probability, which is affected by external conditions that we have not yet discovered."
His voice trembled a little, and there were growing signs in the study that a storm was about to begin.
Lucien shook his head firmly: "At least at present, there is no phenomenon that indicates that there is an influence of external conditions, we can only say for the time being, the probability wave is the essential caste of electrons, and the intrinsic surname quality" "Say it again," Fernando finally roared, and lightning and thunder began to appear, creating a scene that looked like the end of the day in the study.
The reason why arcane and magic are fascinating, and the reason why the exploration of the reality of the world has cost generations of magicians and arcanists their youth, talents, and lives, is because they believe that the world has essential laws, and all things operate strictly under the control of this law, such as the sun rising in the east and setting in the west, such as the movement of celestial bodies, such as wind and rain, such as the growth of living things, such as the reaction of elements, such as the mysteries of matter, such as the structure of atoms, and as long as you understand the laws of essence, you can actually grasp them And now, Lucian's interpretation of probability seems to mock this exploration, because the essential law of the world is actually "probability", and even if you understand the laws of the world and reach the limit of life, you can only predict the maximum probability of the electron appearing here, but cannot accurately describe where it will appear.
This is the basis for the negation of the prophecy of the astral system, as well as the basis for the exploration of the laws of the world and magic Lucien pointed to the paper and looked at the roaring teacher seriously, due to the crackling of lightning, the elemental skin on his body was naturally stimulated: "There is a relevant explanation in the paper. ” Fernando lowered his head and looked at one of the paragraphs of the paper: "In the past, we believed that as long as we knew all the current factors, we could strictly deduce or determine the outcome of things, and what kind of cause there was, what kind of effect there was, and such a process was reversible, that is, what kind of effect there was, there was what kind of cause, and the arcanists called this determinism, the law of cause and effect."
"I like to define it more strictly, the true law of cause and effect is the law of cause and effect on the timeline, and the cause must precede the effect, so the previous generalized law of cause and effect is best called determinism."
"And now, I want to make it clear that maybe there's something wrong with determinism here."
"There's a problem with determinism, there's a problem with the law of cause and effect," Fernando looked at Lucien with stormy eyes, and roared loudly in the roar of thunder, "You tell me, is the trajectory of the sun probability?"
Bang "You tell me, is our own existence probability?"
Bang "You tell me, even if we have built a magical spell model in our soul and fully grasped every detail of it, and our mental power is in a state of abundance, casting magic is also a process of probability."
"Ridiculous and ridiculous" In the midst of thunder and lightning flying wildly, there is a vast universe behind Lucian, the planets inside are composed of protons and neutrons of different colors, and the artificial planets surrounding them are permeated in space, everywhere, but when you look closely, they are sure at one point.
Thundered Thunder hell is mixed with the atomic universe, and Lucien looks at his teacher Fernando without flinching: "At least in the micro realm, determinism must die" With a bang, a thick bolt of lightning streaked across the sky and spread out the window
.
: