In fact, Ma Chao did not realize what impact his light words had on the entire late Han Dynasty.
Pig iron and wrought iron are trained together in one place, and they become steel after a few nights.
This passage actually comes from the writings of Qi Guan Huaiwen between Wei and Qi in the Northern Dynasty in more than 600 AD, that is, more than 400 years after the end of the Han Dynasty.
Qiwu Huaiwen, surnamed Qiwu and given name Huaiwen, was a famous metallurgist in the Southern and Northern Dynasties of China.
He lived in the Northern Qi Dynasty between the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty in the 6th century AD.
He was good at Taoism and once served as the governor of Xinzhou in the Northern Qi Dynasty.
This method was used to create the extremely sharp "Su Iron Sword".
The iron knife is actually a steel knife.
Sutie is named after its manufacturing method, and the manufacturing method of Sutie is actually the famous steel filling method.
The steel filling method is one of the most outstanding achievements of China's early steelmaking technology.
In the history of Chinese metallurgy, the steel filling method appeared only after the development of the block steelmaking method and the stir-fried steelmaking method.
Ancient Chinese smelting technology was in a relatively primitive stage before the Spring and Autumn Period, and the smelting method used at that time was called block smelting.
At that time, charcoal was used as fuel for iron making, which had less heat.
In addition, the furnace was small and the blasting equipment was poor.
Therefore, the furnace temperature was relatively low and could not reach the melting temperature of iron.
Therefore, the iron produced was a sponge-like solid block, called " Smelting iron."
Smelting lump iron is more time-consuming, has a soft texture and contains many impurities, and is forged into usable wrought iron.
In the process of forging iron and wrought iron, people need to constantly and repeatedly heat it.
The iron absorbs the carbon in the charcoal, increases the carbon content, and reduces the inclusions to become steel.
This kind of steel has a tight structure and uniform carbon content, making it suitable for making weapons and knives.
Later, it was further developed into the "hundred steel-making" technology.
When people are making utensils, they consciously increase the number of folding and forging.
A piece of steel often needs to be burned, beaten, beaten and burned many times, even hundreds of times, so it is called hundreds of steelmaking.
Steelmaking has more carbon content, a finer structure, and more uniform composition, so the quality of the steel is improved, and it is mainly used to make swords and swords.
So, in ancient times, many amazing artifacts were born, such as Gan Jiang, Mo Xie, and the giant divine horse.
It took seven, seven forty-nine or ninety-nine eighty-one days to forge them.
Don’t be fooled by this: Then It's because the level of that era was too backward, and people couldn't make good steel, so they spent so long playing with iron.
Later, around the middle and late Western Han Dynasty, a new steelmaking technology, fried steel, appeared in China.
This was a steelmaking technology developed on the basis of pig iron smelting and casting technology.
The basic method is to heat the pig iron into a semi-liquid and liquid state, then add iron ore powder and stir continuously at the same time.
Use the iron ore powder and oxygen in the air to remove part of the carbon in the pig iron, so that the carbon content in the pig iron is reduced and the slag is removed. , directly obtain steel, this is the steel frying technology.
The invention of this technology was a major breakthrough in steelmaking technology, allowing the smelting industry to provide society with a large amount of cheap, high-quality wrought iron or steel to meet the needs of production and war.
The emergence of fried steel also promoted the development of steel-making technology.
People used fried steel as raw material and repeatedly heated, folded, and forged it into high-quality steel parts.
However, there are still certain shortcomings in the steel frying and steelmaking technologies.
For example, the steel frying process is complex and difficult to master; steelmaking is labor-intensive and time-consuming.
At the end of the Han Dynasty when Ma Chao lived, the level of iron smelting had also developed to this stage.
In other words, at this time, it is also very difficult to get a good steel knife.
Firstly, the quality of steel is still unstable, and secondly, forging steel is time-consuming and laborious.
Finally, there is the single-liquid quenching method, which makes steel knives either hard and easy to break, or tough and unfavorable.
One fact can illustrate this point: Boss Cao is a man who loves swords.
The seven-star sword he used to deceive Wang Yun was given to Dong Zhuo to save his life.
Later, when he became the king of Wei, he suddenly remembered this and ordered Yousi to make five swords.
Unexpectedly, it took three years for the sword to be made.
It was not until the emergence of the steel filling method that the quality and output problems of steel were solved in one fell swoop.
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Moreover, compared with the steel frying method of Ma Chao's era, the steel pouring method obviously has four major advantages.
The first is that the smelting time is shortened and the productivity is improved; the second is that all pig iron and wrought iron can be turned into steel, which increases the output of steel; the third is that the steel filling method purifies the metal structure and improves the quality of the metal; the fourth is that the steel filling method purifies the metal structure and improves the quality of the metal.
The steel method is simple to operate and easy to master.
To obtain steel with different carbon contents, you only need to mix pig iron and wrought iron in a certain proportion and smelt them.
As for using soft iron as the spine of the knife, bathing in the urine of five animals, and quenching it with the fat of five animals, it actually refers to the double-liquid quenching method.
The double-liquid quenching method means that when the temperature of the workpiece is relatively high, a quenching medium with a relatively fast cooling rate is selected to ensure the hardness of the workpiece; when the temperature is relatively low, a quenching medium with a relatively small cooling rate is selected to prevent the The workpiece cracks and deforms, giving it a certain toughness.
The two-liquid quenching method is a relatively complex quenching process.
In the absence of temperature measurement and temperature control equipment at the end of the Han Dynasty, it could only rely entirely on the operation and experience of the craftsmen.
It can be said that the emergence of the steel filling method and the double liquid quenching method also made the steel swords of that era truly precious swords.
As for Ma Chao, he is blind and blind, and he is completely a prodigal who gave up watermelons and picked up sesame seeds.
At this time, he saw that after Pu Yuan woke up, he did not immediately ask Pu Yuan to conduct experiments on the steel filling method and the two-liquid quenching method.
Instead, he brought a piece of wood and said mysteriously: "Master Pu, these things are called horseshoes.
You are asked to make ten pairs within two days.
You are qualified."
Making horseshoes does not require high craftsmanship at all.
With the technology and personnel of the iron shop at this time, it is fully capable of doing the job.
After Pu Yuan asked about the specific dimensions and specifications, he readily agreed.
"In a few days, after I have tested the effectiveness of this horseshoe, I will ask Captain Huang to send another three hundred blacksmiths.
At that time, Superintendent Pu will give careful guidance and make sure to make 20,000 pieces."
Thinking about Brother Chou's efforts, he bought it The plan is almost in progress.
Ma Chao estimates that the iron shop should be expanded in the next few days.
"The villain will definitely live up to his destiny."
Pu Yuan laughed even more happily when he heard that the number of people under his command was going to increase.
"Stop calling me a villain.
I am a blacksmith supervisor.
You should call me a subordinate or a humble person."
Ma Chao said with a smile.
He even patted Pu Yuan on the shoulder to show encouragement.
Pu Yuan was also flattered and replied excitedly: "You know, I know."
Ma Chao had a dark look on his face: It seems that he still needs to work hard to change these people's humble thoughts.
However, a few years later, when Pu Yuan had successfully developed the steel filling method and the two-liquid quenching method, and was promoted to a position as high as those of generals under Ma Chao, Ma Chao slapped the table and shouted: "What a good Pu Yuan."
Yuan, why are you here to report such a wonderful method at this time?
It was that bastard who asked you to shoe the horseshoes of Lao Shizi." s: There are some bad words today, and even this popular chapter, I feel a little sorry for the reward from Lord Shenying.
However, don’t worry, sir, with your reward, I will definitely have inspiration tomorrow and will be able to write it.
It’s a good article.
It’s not just a little bit interesting, but it’s very interesting.
I’d like to ask, what does the 23rd place mean?