This order of Li Yuying, the ruler of the Heungxuan Courtyard, aroused strong opposition from the local two classes and Confucian scholars, who issued a letter to the whole country in the method of "Confucianism" and selected representatives to demonstrate in front of the royal palace in Seoul.Li Yuying, the king of the Xingxuan Courtyard, was unwavering, so he sent his soldiers to disband the assembly and drive the Confucian scholars across the Han River.The results of the abolition and implementation today have made the people of the whole country rejoice.However, the remnants of the academy were still quite strong, and it became one of the reasons for the later loss of power of the Dayuanjun.Dayuanjun's fiscal and tax reform also has a certain significance.Because he is closer to the lower strata of society, he has more experience of the harm caused by the disorder of the "three policies".From the day Gaozong ascended the throne, he put forward the founding policy of "prudence and frugality", "helping the people, enriching the country, punishing corruption, and revitalizing discipline" through Concubine Zhao.The monarch of the courtyard took the lead in making his uncle Li Zaiyuan sparse, declaring that Bai Dong would give up all tax-free land, and at the same time, he also strictly forbade the palace and the officials of the internal department to cheat in the outer city, and eliminated the disadvantages of the palace house in the Sannan area without land to collect taxes.In the early years of Gojong, the state treasury was strapped and the people's discontent became increasingly serious.In order to break out of the financial difficulties and ease the class contradictions, the Dayuan Emperor controlled all the economic privileges of the two classes of aristocratic officials and adjusted various tax systems.In the fourth year of Gojong's reign, the Emperor of Daewon strictly ordered the abolition of the practice of the local palace offering local specialties to the royal family and the power gate.The various reform policies of the Emperor of the Great Court in an attempt to restore and strengthen the rule of the royal power have achieved some results, which have played a certain role in changing the state and social outlook, and have a certain positive significance under the circumstances of the time.However, the reform measures implemented by Dayuanjun are all very incomplete, and the positive effects are weak, but the side effects and negative effects are obvious.Daewonjun cut off the power of the Andong Kim clan, but the royal power was not strengthened, but under the banner of strengthening the centralized power, the Jeonju Lee autocratic system with him as the core was established; He tried to suppress the private discussion of the local two classes and Confucian scholars and cut down the academies, but he still retained 47 "Eci Academies" throughout the country, and later connived at the conservative Confucian scholars to oppose the ideas of the Enlightenment faction; He abolished the legal system of harsh exploitation of the peasants in order to show concessions to the people, but in order to rebuild Gyeongbokgung Palace, the symbol of royal power, he set up all kinds of new taxes, as a result, completely offset the weak positive effect, resulting in domestic political turmoil, social order chaos, public resentment boiling, anti-reform forces take the opportunity to accumulate the situation in Korea, it can be said that it is much more serious than the Qing State, the Qing State at least still has a strong centralized power, the Empress Dowager Cixi is also dead in history, before her death, except for a farcical change, It didn't really affect the Empress Dowager Cixi's control over the entire country.The person that Young Master Meng is going to find is that Young Master Jun Meng of Xingxuan Courtyard knows that foreigners like Prince Richard Harris don't understand Oriental culture at all, or in other words, Prince Richard Harris is still too young to know how to go to diplomacy, and it can't be said that foreigners don't understand Oriental diplomacy.It should be said that Prince Richard Harris did not know much about the means of communication in the East.Although Master Meng and Prince Richard Harris and Princess Katrina Kaf are forms of cooperation, Master Meng did not plan to just let Prince Richard Harris make a name, Master Meng really let Prince Richard Harris participate in the management of the country, at least, Prince Richard Harris is already an assistant to Master Moe.Although the power that Young Master Meng has at hand now has almost no influence, however, Young Master Meng still has the card of Xuanzonglu in his hand, the governor of Liaoning is not covered, in the eyes of other places, the governor of Liaoning is simply weak, however, for North Korea, the status of the governor of Liaoning can be equated with the king of North Korea In order to show the authority of the dynasty, the king of Dayuan ordered the reconstruction of Gyeongbokgung Palace in the second year of Gaozong.Gyeongbokgung Palace was originally a palace built on the Forbidden City of China in 1394 in the third year of Taejo in order to show the majesty of the royal family when Taejo Lee Sung-hee founded Joseon.The name of "Jingfu Guan" was named before the Dingdu, and it comes from the phrase "Junzi Wannian Jieer Jingfu" in the Book of Songs.Later, in 1553, the 8th year of Myeongjong, which had been established for 160 years since Gyeongbokgung Palace was established, a fire broke out, and the burned part was rebuilt the following year.After another 399 years, a fire broke out again at the time of the Seonjo Imjin War, and for the next 270 years, it remained in a state of ruins.Due to financial difficulties, successive kings did not dare to rebuild Gyeongbokgung Palace rashly.In the second year of Emperor Gaozong, in 1856, in the name of Concubine Zhao, Dayuanjun ordered the rebuilding of Gyeongbok Guan on the ashes of the original site.Among the common people, there were constant arguments for and against, but for the poor people, such a huge civil engineering project was a very heavy burden.Dayuan Jun set up a construction superintendent who was responsible for motivating the Jingfu Guan's project.At first, it was avoided to force ordinary people to participate in the construction, but after a period of time, it was found that the progress of the project was slow, and Dayuanjun decided to send people to all parts of the country to force Zhuangding to join the project.A total of millions of manpower were mobilized for the reconstruction of Gyeongbokgung Palace, and a huge amount of 8 million taels of silver was invested.In order to finance this huge expense, in addition to using the state treasury to save money, Dayuanjun had to lighten and average the burden of the people at the same time to collect new taxes from the people, including the "knot money", "city gate tax", "willing to pay" and so on on the peasants.Moreover, this kind of levy is mostly compulsory apportionment, so the name "willing to pay" is actually "grievance", and the people complain, calling the "knot money" "kidney pocket money".In addition, in order to motivate the progress of civil engineering, consolation teams such as the dance boy team, the agricultural band, and the men's temple party card were also mobilized.Therefore, the investment of money is getting bigger and bigger, and after there is no other way, the government of the Dayuan monarch even sells officials to raise funds.In order to overcome the financial crisis, since the third year of Gaozong, Daewonjun has also implemented an inflationary policy and minted a large number of inferior "dangbaiqian".However, only four or five times the value of the common currency at that time, called "dang 100 coins", was forced to be used at a value of 100 times, so that prices skyrocketed and the finances were in unprecedented chaos.In the fifth year of King Gojong, the government imported "Qing Xiao Qian" from China instead of "Dang Bai Qian", and its currency value was only half of the actual price.This hyperinflation caused a sharp rise in prices, and inevitably attracted the harsh demands of the royal family, the two classes, the bureaucrats, etc., and the windfall profits of some merchants, and the people's lives under such heavy pressure fell into the abyss of misery.At this time, the royal family, nobles and wealthy people felt strongly dissatisfied because the policy of "willing to pay money" of the emperor of the courtyard infringed on their own interests, and their money was ruthlessly taken away.However, no one dares to express their dissatisfaction, only anger but not to speak.The repressive rule of the Great Courtyard King has reached a terrifying level.Because ordinary people are unable to make a living on a daily basis, their resentment towards Dayuanjun is increasing day by day.In order to secretly find out the rich people who were dissatisfied with him, Li Yuying, the king of the Xingxuan Courtyard, implemented intelligence politics in the capital and various local government offices.Give Tian Xiyan, Xia Zhengri, Zhang Shunkui, An Juzhou and other four people, with great power, let these four people be responsible for raising funds and confidential affairs.These four nobodies ascended to the sky, and for a time they were extremely arrogant, and their atrocities were even more indescribable.At that time, the public called the four of them "Chang'an under heaven".Dayuanjun was not satisfied with this, and also asked the eunuch Li Yuhe to report all the dynamics in the palace as soon as possible.In addition, he sent henchmen to all the government as spies to secretly collect all kinds of information.At the same time, in order to collect information from various places, the Dayuan Junguang sent his subordinates, and every day someone directly reported to him all kinds of information, big and small.Using such a dense intelligence network, Dayuanjun can sit in Yunxian Palace and easily grasp the movements of the world.However, the repressive rule that led to the rebellion of the people was by no means a long-term peace and stability policy, and the peasants of Gwangyang County, Jeolla Province, revolted in the fifth year of Gojong's reign.At a time when the Lee dynasty in Korea was in turmoil, the international situation was also changing.In 1854, Japan and the United States signed the Treaty of Kanagawa; In 1859, China and Britain signed the Treaty of Tianjin; In 1860, the Qing government of China signed the Treaty of Beijing with Britain, France, and Russia.At this time, the Korean Peninsula in East Asia was increasingly the object of contention among the great powers.On the grounds that Korea was a "vassal state" of the Qing Dynasty, the European and American countries demanded that the privileges they had taken in China be extended to the Korean Peninsula.The unreasonable demands of the Western powers were categorically rejected by the Qing government on the grounds that all political and religious prohibitions in Korea should be dictated by the country itself, and China would never participate.Since then, Britain, France, the United States, and other maritime countries have exerted direct pressure on North Korea by sea from the south, and Russia has exerted direct pressure on Korea by land from the north.During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in 1689, China and Russia signed the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchu.The treaty contained Russia's invasion of China's Heilongjiang River, and Russia expanded its power to the northern shores of the Pacific Ocean.Over the next century and a half, Russia crossed the White Strait toward the North American continent and competed with Western European colonial powers for control of the North Pacific.After the Crimean War, Russia's expansion in the Black Sea region was hindered, and competition in North America was also suppressed by the United States, Britain and France, so Russia turned to Chinese mainland and Northeast Asia, forming the so-called southward expansion policy.In 1860, Russia seized 400,000 square kilometers of land east of the Ussuri River in China through the Treaty of Beijing, thereby expanding its territory to the border with Korea, seriously threatening the security of Korea.As early as 1854, a Russian merchant ship invaded Korean territory and clashed with border fishermen, resulting in several casualties among the latter.Russia demanded that North Korea open a port on the northern border for trade and open up a place of residence for Russian immigrants.In 1864, the first year of Emperor Gojong, the Russian entourage entered the Tumen River and asked for trade, and the local officials immediately asked for instructions from the newly established Dayuan monarchy; In September of the following year, dozens of Russians forcibly arrived in Korea with official letters, demanding direct negotiations with the Hamgyong Provincial Observer Envoy on trade and friendship.
Then, in November, two more groups of Russians invaded the country and made the same demands, and did not leave until the Gyeonghung envoy Yin Lian promised to give a reply within 90 days.The greatest goal of the Daewonjun rule was to save the ruling system from collapse, suppress the peasant uprising, and enjoy the glory of the royal family on this basis.Therefore, in the face of an increasingly sinister international environment and the real threat from Western Europe, North America, especially Russia, Dayuanjun adopted a policy of closing himself off from the rest of the country.Dayuanjun regards the strengthening of national defense and security as an important part of the reform of internal affairs.First of all, he reformed the military administration, strengthened military discipline, improved the supply of soldiers, adjusted the military command system, and rebuilt the three military offices.In order to enhance its military capability and consolidate its coastal defense, the government of Daewonjun strengthened the training and equipment of the army with the gunner army as the core, strengthened the defense facilities of the two coastal provinces, eup, and pin, as well as the estuary of the Han River, such as Ganghwado, Tongqiao, and Yeongjongdo, and raised the status of the commanders of the three coastal naval armies, and increased the command of the Chinese army.At the same time, it has implemented cantonment in the northern border areas, banned trade and exchanges with Russia, and strengthened the control over Sino-DPRK border trade, thus establishing a strict blockade system against the Russian mainland.Taking advantage of the diplomatic difficulties faced by the government, the Catholics of North Korea were the first to carry out their activities.Because Catholic doctrine was contrary to the traditional Confucian teachings of the Yi dynasty, Catholicism was subjected to several major repressions by the Korean ruling class.The Catholic love of North Korea has always been underground, but its latent power has spread everywhere.At that time, the third class of the Catholic priest Nan Chung suggested to Dayuanjun that on the condition of guaranteeing the freedom of Catholic missionary work, the Catholic state of France, would assist Korea in dealing with Imperial Russia.Dayuanjun seemed to agree with this kind of suggestion at first.However, after negotiating with the congregants, the inside story of the church was discovered, and at the same time, Russia did not care about the East because of the West's troubles at that time, and did not insist on demanding, so it soon withdrew.As a result, Dayuanjun's attitude changed suddenly, and on the grounds that the cult was a lackey of foreign enemies, he massacred a large number of Catholics in February 1866, the third year of Gaozong.At that time, tens of thousands of Christians were slaughtered in various parts of Beijing, including nine French missionaries.It is known as the "Bingyin Evil Prison" in history.Under the cover of 11 Koreans, the French missionary Rydel, who was very hidden, broke through the net laid by the Dayuan Jun, escaped from Korea by boat in Tanglipo, Chungcheong-do, and arrived in Yantai, China, three days later.At that time, the commander of the French Asian Fleet, Rhodes, was stationed in Tianjin, and Rydel went to Tianjin to report to Lodz the truth about the Korean government's persecution of Catholicism.After consulting with the acting French minister to China, Blonay, lodged a serious protest with the Qing Prime Minister Yamen, declaring: "His Majesty the Emperor of France will never condone such atrocities, and will send a fleet stationed in the adjacent waters to destroy Korea, depose the current king, and install a new king according to the orders of the emperor of France."
Since the DPRK is a vassal state of China, and its internal and foreign affairs are under its own control, China is not allowed to raise objections. ”When the Qing government learned of the "Bingyin Evil Prison," it felt that the situation was serious and was worried that France would take the opportunity to retaliate by force, which would affect Sino-French relations.Therefore, after receiving this official letter, Prime Minister Yamen sent a note to the acting French minister in China, asking France not to use troops in a hurry, and on the other hand, the Ministry of Rites sent a letter to the DPRK government informing France of its intention and reminding the other side to be prepared for all things.Unfazed by the Chinese Ministry of Rites' report, Dayuanjun ordered local officials to strengthen border security on the one hand, and further intensified the suppression of Catholics in order to purge those who responded to the situation.In September of the same year, Admiral Rhodes of the French Far East Fleet led seven warships from Yantai, China, in an attempt to capture Ganghwa Island and land in Tongjin, intending to enter the capital.However, the French invading army was repelled by the Korean Liberation Army's brave general Liang Xianzhu at Dingzu Mountain Fortress on Ganghwa Island, and was defeated by the sentry officer Han Shenggen at Wenzhu Mountain Fortress in Tongjin, and their morale was depressed and they retreated.When the enemy retreated, they plundered Ganghwa Island, packed gold and copper treasures and valuable books including the records of the Li Dynasty into 18 wooden boxes and transported them, of which gold alone was worth 500,000 francs, and set fire to many official offices and private houses such as the Kangning Palace.On 18 November, the French fleet was disbanded off the coast of Korea, the flagship and the Kenshin were withdrawn to the Japanese port of Yokohama, and the other ships sailed to Shangzhu and Yantai.The two-month armed invasion by France ended in failure.This foreign invasion is known in history as "Bingyin Foreign Disturbance".The intrusion of French warships has had an unprecedented impact on the Korean Liberation Society and has caused great panic in the government and the public.However, in the face of foreign aggression, the Korean people of the whole country aroused national consciousness and aroused their determination to share the same hatred for the enemy, and this was the main reason for this victory.The monarch of the courtyard was arrogant and arrogant, believing that the victory over France was his own command, and strengthened the implementation of the policy of "destroying the country".In July of the same year, before the French fleet invaded Ganghwa Island, the American merchant ship "General Shemen," equipped with heavy weapons, invaded Korea, ignored the advice and protests of local officials, traced the Taedong River, and then sent three men ashore and went 10 miles inland to Yuyan Pond to conduct reconnaissance.Then he suddenly launched an attack on the ship monitoring the movements of the US ships, kidnapped the Chinese soldiers in the prison camp as hostages, offered to supply 1,000 stone of white rice, a considerable amount of gold, silver, and ginseng as a condition for retreat, and wantonly shot at the soldiers and civilians on the shore to threaten them.The military and civilians could not bear it anymore and decided to fight back.A warrior in the crowd rescued the Chinese army who was detained on the boat; Then, taking advantage of the drop in the water level and the stranding of the ship, he launched a fire attack, killing the "General Shermen" and the ship.Taking the "General Shemen" incident as a turning point, Washington took action in 1868 in the fourth year of Gojong and sent American warships to invade Korean waters to "investigate" and survey the "General Shemen" incident along the coast of Pyongan Province in the Yellow Sea.In the same year, a group of pirates consisting of Germans, Americans, and French, led by the German Otlot, invaded Chungcheong's Doodoksan Mountain and were digging up the tomb of Nam Yeon-kun, the father of Daewon-kun, to steal treasures, but they were repelled by the army of Yeongjong-do's envoy.The "investigation" of the "General Shermen" incident was actually a prelude to a large-scale US invasion of Korea.In April of the 7th year of Gojong, the American minister stationed in Beijing ordered Rogers, commander of the Asia Fleet, to invade Ganghwa with five warships, and occupied Ganghwa Island Gwangseong City in the north to build a platform, using it as a base, threatening the government of Daewonjun and forcing it to conclude a treaty of trade.Dayuanjun refused, and bravely attacked the American army with the troops of Yu Zaiyuan, and after inflicting heavy losses on the enemy in the bloody battle, the whole army died heroically in Guangcheng.The U.S. invaders, who had been hit by North Korea's policy of seclusion, had no choice but to abandon the Ganghwa Island battle plan.After 20 days of confrontation and "Shuhan diplomacy" between the two sides, out of self-confidence in victoriously repelling the French naval invasion and hatred for Westerners inspired by the tomb robbery, Dayuan-kun flatly rejected the American request.After all efforts to induce the government of Daewon to negotiate a treaty had failed, the United States ordered the fleet to withdraw from Korea and to Yantai, China.The DPRK military and civilians smashed the "Sinweiyang disturbance".Daewon-kun, who was ignorant of the international situation in the world, was complacent after repelling the "foreign Yi" twice, stubbornly believing that under his rule, the DPRK would be able to isolate itself from all countries in the world and stand on its own feet.Therefore, more efforts were made to maintain the old feudal system.Li Yu, the king of Xingxuan Dayuan, should order the whole country to put the retreat slogan of "Bingyin and foreign disturbances": "Foreign invasion, peace without war, the lord and traitor, and my descendants will be warned." ”Carved on the stone monument, it is called the Monument and stands on the main road of the capital city of Pyongyang and major cities across the country.This is just the extreme ignorance of the world situation and the complacency of the frog at the bottom of the well.The question of Young Master Meng is here now, the actual ruler of North Korea, Li Yuying, the king of the Xingxuan Courtyard, is an extreme foreigner-hating conservative like Li Hongzao, and it will be very difficult to reach a private deal with such a person.t1706231537: