The first reason was that the political nature of rebellion and criticism of the shogunate's rule, such as demands for lower taxes, condemnation of the corrupt practices of the "daikan townsmen", and criticism and demands on the rulers of the shogunate to revise the "monopoly system" and the indiscriminate issuance of feudal clans.The second reason is that the fundamental spiritual motivation that drives the destruction of the townspeople is the "consciousness of changing the world" that demands a change in the way of the world.In particular, the latter's "consciousness of reincarnation" truly represents the class position and political tendencies of the Makumachi people.The so-called "consciousness of changing the world" refers to the ideology and concept that calls for changing the old way of the world into a new way of the world.By the end of the Edo period, due to the increasing corruption of the shogunate's politics, people's consciousness of changing the way of the world became stronger, and not only did they often appear in the "Fall of the Heads" such as "Those who are expected to be corrected in the world", but also the destruction of riots such as "the people's heads" and "the city's actions" became the expression of the "consciousness of reforming".From April, May, and June of the second year of Keo, the people of Edo Town launched a series of "reincarnations", which not only lasted for a long time and "destroyed violently", but also spread throughout Japan.In May of the same year, the destruction rebellion of the people of Osaka echoed this, and the scale expanded to almost all the cities along the coast of Osaka Bay from Hyogo in the west to the south of Kishu, which greatly shook the authority of the shogunate, dealt a heavy blow to the power of the shogunate, and sounded the death knell of the shogunate's rule.The Japanese have a tradition of loving burning, killing, and looting, not only in their external aggression, but also in their own internal reforms, and they also love to adopt the method of burning, killing, and looting.If President Moe hadn't learned about these movements in Japan, he would not have been able to grasp the current progress of the Meiji Restoration in Japan, nor would he have been able to understand the conditions under which the Meiji Restoration arose in Japan.The rise of the "sense of reincarnation" and the frequent occurrence of "reincarnation" are also important to the rising sense of respect for the king among the people of Makumo.Since the machito class itself had not developed to the point where it was capable of seizing power like the Western bourgeoisie, the only way to achieve the goal of changing the old way of the world into a new way was to place its hopes on the authority of the emperor.Therefore, at the end of the Edo period, "reincarnation" and "reverence for the king" and "anti-curtain" became almost synonymous.The sense of kingship is particularly strong among the people of Kamimachi, especially in Kyoto.The class composition of the movement was as follows: the new landlord class, who owned a large amount of land, some leased it, collected rent, and still had a feudal character.Others hire people to farm, which has the nature of a capitalist farm.However, their land was still the property of the feudal lords in law, and they had to bear feudal obligations, so they had a deep conflict with the lords of the shogunate, and politically leaned towards the bourgeoisie, becoming one of the leaders of the movement to bring down the shogunate.The emerging bourgeoisie, which was an emerging class, was politically powerless, whose economic development was limited by the feudal system, and which had strong revolutionary demands.However, because they were in the initial stage of formation, some people often invested in land and became new landlords, with the characteristics of landlords and capitalists serving two terms, so they were politically weak and unable to lead a bourgeois revolutionary movement alone.The big bourgeoisie is mainly some privileged big businessmen and usurers living in big cities, such as Mitsui, Sumitomo, Konoike, Ono, etc.They were all privileged merchants, belonging to the mercantile bourgeoisie, connected with the feudal lords, but also in conflict, lacking revolutionary demands, but not rejecting reforms in their favour.With the development of capitalism, the daimyo of the Satsuma and Tosa domains in the southwest also began to operate commercial and handicraft workshops, and they gradually approached the merchants and capitalists, and began to be dissatisfied with the rule of the shogunate.They "hated their lord like enemies", and some betrayed their samurai status and became adopted sons in wealthy families; Some intermarried with wealthy families to relieve financial difficulties; Some are engaged in business and operate handicraft workshops; Some came into contact with Western bourgeois culture and developed a desire to take the capitalist road.By the middle of the 19th century, these middle- and lower-class samurai were basically bourgeois, becoming the political spokesmen of the immature bourgeoisie, and successfully led the movement to bring down the shogunate.In 1865, the Rebellion was transformed into an armed overthrow.In 1866, the samurai of the Satsuma and Choshu feudal domains formed an alliance.In 1867, the young Meiji Emperor succeeded to the throne, and the Shogunate faction received a secret edict from the Emperor.The Shogunate faction staged a coup d'état, proclaimed the "Imperial Regime Retro", abolished the shogunate rule, and established a new government.The Restorationists, represented by Okubo Ritsu, Saigo Takamori, and Kido Takayoshi, seized power and ordered the last shogun, Tokugawa Yoshiki, to surrender his domain.In 1868, Tokugawa Yoshiki gathered an army in an attempt to counterattack, but was defeated by the Shogunate army at the Battle of Toba Fushimi, and his forces were purged.The victory of the Shogun Movement laid the foundation for the Meiji Restoration, which is now beginning in Japan.As early as 1837, Heihachiro Shio, a low-ranking samurai, launched an armed uprising in Osaka against the tyranny of the shogunate, with hundreds of people participating.Although suppressed within a day, the uprising became a signal for the overthrow of the shogunate.From the mid-60s onwards, the Japanese people began to struggle against each other.In the process, the lower-ranking samurai in the four feudal domains of Choshu, Satsuma, Tosa, and Hizen in southwestern Japan rapidly expanded their power and became the main force of the Japanese bourgeoisie and the downfall.In June 1863, the shogunate was forced to declare a "seizure", and the ensuing incident of American and French warships attacking Shimonoseki and the British fleet attacking the Satsuma Domain.In the spring of 1865, Takasugi Shinsaku, the leader of the Choshu Domain's Imperial Empire, proposed a strategy of "opening the port to seek the curtain", deciding not to mention the "Shoi" and turning to the armed toppling of the shogunate, and forming a secret military alliance with the Satsuma Domain.At the same time, Britain also weighed the advantages and disadvantages, changed its strategy, and aided the Fallen Shogunists.The shogunate, on the other hand, defected to France and launched its second war against the Choshu domain in July 1866.At this time, the people's uprising was raging and dealt a heavy blow to the shogunate.The Choshu Domain united with the forces that had fallen to the shogunate fought valiantly, and in September of the same year, the shogunate was forced to withdraw its troops.The authority of the shogunate plummeted.In 1867, Emperor Komei died, and the crown prince Prince Muhito, also known as Emperor Meiji, ascended the throne.The Shogunate faction stepped up its activities in the court, contacted some powerful people, and won the support of the young Meiji Emperor to obtain a secret edict against the shogunate.On November 8, the Emperor issued a secret edict to the Emperor.On the 9th, Tokugawa Keiki, the shogun, asked for the "return of the Daimasa", but at the same time gathered elite troops in Osaka, in a vain attempt to divide and disintegrate the Shogunate faction, wait for the opportunity, make a comeback, and attempt to rebel.On January 3, 1868, the Emperor issued a decree abolishing the shogunate, and Tokugawa rejoiced in his resignation.At the beginning of 1868, Tokugawa Yoshiki sneaked out of Kyoto, fled to Osaka, gathered forces, and waited for a counterattack, so an open civil war broke out.On the 8th and 10th, Tokugawa Yoshiki announced in Osaka that the "Imperial Decree of the Retro Trumpet" was illegal.On January 27, 5,000 members of the Emperor's army, led by the Isaac and Naga feudal domains, fought a fierce battle with 150,000 shogunate troops near Kyoto, and fought a decisive battle with government forces in the Fushimi and Toba areas near Kyoto.In this battle, the shogunate army was defeated on all fronts, and the fallen shogunate army won a decisive victory.The defeated army pursued the victory and approached Edo, and Tokugawa Yoshiki was forced to surrender, and Tokugawa Yoshiki was defeated and left Edo.This was the beginning of the Boshin War.The Emperor's military expedition forced Tokugawa Yoshinori to surrender Edo Castle on May 3, 1868, and the war was largely over in early November when the rebellious feudal domains in the Tohoku region were put down.In the spring of 1869, the Emperor's army marched to Hokkaido, and on June 27, they captured Gokornodate, the last stronghold of the remnants of the shogunate, and the Boshin War ended.During the war, the struggle of the Japanese masses effectively cooperated with the Emperor's army, which was an important reason for the Emperor's government's victory in the war.In this way, the last feudal shogunate in Japan was overthrown.In 1869, the Meiji Emperor's government moved from Kyoto to Tokyo and began a series of political and economic reforms, known as the Meiji Restoration.In the mid-19th century, the Shogunate Movement was a bourgeois revolutionary movement formed by Japanese middle- and lower-class samurai, usury merchants, capitalists, emerging landlords, and daimyo of the southwestern feudal domains, and with the support of the people, to overthrow the rule of the feudal shogunate.Japan's rapid rise in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century has played a big role in this transfer of power, according to President Moe.Why do you say that when a regime is overthrown, the new regime will employ a large number of new people, so that the power of the state is very centralized, and the new regime always has such characteristics.Japan is not a little big, the population composition is single, the literacy rate is high, coupled with the high concentration of state power, it is really like a bunch of ants carrying things, the whole country is united and efficient, just like a bunch of ants working together to do one thing, which the Qing Dynasty did not have.Even if the upper echelons of the ruling class of the entire Qing Dynasty reached a consensus that they must be reformed and vigorously carry out the Westernization movement, it would not be possible to turn a poor and backward feudal country into a capitalist country in about ten years, as Japan did.President Meng's Danzhou is very similar to Japan, and because President Meng is rich, even the National Bank has it, so Danzhou's congenital special feet are very similar to President Meng's body, like a strong child In addition to the complex population composition, President Meng's Danzhou is much better than the Japanese civilizational conditions.Every civilized country is the product of the struggle between feudal forces and capitalist forces, only President Meng's Danzhou is depicted by President Meng, there is no early struggle, what President Meng has to do is to knead this society into shape.t1706231537: