Fast forward to 1877.President Moe is 7 years old.The Southwest War was a war that took place between February and September 1877, the tenth year of the Meiji era.It was a famous battle during the Meiji Restoration to quell the Kagoshima Shi rebellion.Because Kagoshima is located in the southwest of Japan, it is called the "Southwest War".In the early years of the Meiji era, Japan established a government with the emperor as the supreme center of power, but Japan had not yet completed the centralized power system, and the 274 feudal domains that had been inherited from the old dynasty still maintained independent military, finance, and territorial dominance, and the Meiji government's control over the country was extremely weak.At that time, the Meiji government was under pressure from three sides: First, the Meiji government itself did not have a direct armed force, and only relied on the soldiers of the fallen feudal domains led by the Satsuma and Choshu domains, and if the alliance between the Satsuma and Choshu domains did not coincide with the Meiji government's interests, the government would have no troops to rely on and would inevitably collapse.Second, the Meiji government was financially unable to collect and allocate only 3,040 percent of the country's resources, but it had to bear all the expenditures of the central government, so it was stretched thin and its ability to pay was very weak.At this time, Japan was still under the pressure of the intervention of European and American powers and unequal treaties, and the Meiji government inherited the shogunate's foreign debts and various indemnities, which undoubtedly further increased the financial burden.Third, after the Restoration, the overall political atmosphere in Japan remained the same as during the Shogunate period, except that the object of allegiance changed from the Shogunate to the Emperor's government.Moreover, the feudal lords regarded themselves as heroes of the Restoration, and competed for power and profit in the new government.The enlightened faction in the government, led by Takayoshi Kido, realized that in order to eliminate the hidden danger of division and division at home and to extricate itself from the crisis of oppression by the great powers, it was necessary to build a new Japan that would be able to "confront all nations" from the shogunate period.Hirobumi Ito made it clear that it was necessary to establish an absolutist centralized system in which "all government decrees and laws came from the imperial court," and that the key to this was the abolition of the feudal domains and the elimination of the basis for the "small powers."
In terms of implementation, the gradual policy of reforming the feudal government first, and then "returning the copyrights", that is, the feudal domains dedicated their land and people to the imperial court, and no longer owned them for themselves, and finally abolished the gradual policy of each feudal domain.Originally, these things were all learned from Ito Hirobumi by President Moe.President Moe's Chinese system, on the one hand, comes from the United Kingdom, Germany, and some modern systems, and on the other hand, it also comes from Japan.However, now Hwakoku is clearly ahead of the Japanese in terms of system.On December 11, 1868, October 28, 1868, the Meiji government issued the "Decree on the Appointment of Feudal Domains" to unify the feudal bureaucratic system and strengthen the government's supervision and control over the feudal domains.
It is not restricted by the family and old habits, and promotes talents; The feudal administration was separated from the household affairs of the feudal lord, and then the "return of the copyright" was implemented together with Kido Takayoshi and Okubo Ritsu; At the same time, the four feudal domains of Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, and Hizen were asked to contribute troops to the imperial court and set up imperial soldiers; Later, the "abolition of feudal domains and counties" was implemented.In the course of this series of treatments, social contradictions have been accumulating, and on the whole, the main contradictions are: 1.
The contradiction between the founding policy and the "anti-Yi" faction.During the Shogunate Movement, the Restorationists rebuked the shogunate's founding of the country as an act of rebellion against the will of the emperor, based on the principle of "respecting the emperor and destroying the emperor."
However, in the Meiji government's reform policy, Article 3 clearly stipulated: Seek knowledge from the world and greatly revitalize the imperial foundation.In the eyes of the Zaoyi faction, the founding policy betrayed the previous path, and it was not only necessary to crusade against Yidi, but also to hold the government accountable.They resorted to assassinations to purge the government of the Founders.At the same time, the founding of the country, foreign trade, and unequal exchange caused a shortage of precious metals, which in turn caused prices to rise, causing people's living standards to decline.As a result, discontent spread throughout society, from the samurai and peasants to the townspeople, against foreigners and the founding policy.In the course of the later rebellion, there were also many Tsangyi factions involved.2.
Conscription, rank punishment and the crisis of the survival of the nobles.If the founding of the country only stimulated the scholars on a spiritual level, then the conscription system and the punishment of rank and rank caused a serious crisis in the survival of the scholars from the material aspect.This was also one of the main causes of the Southwestern War.After the abolition of the feudal prefectures, the Meiji government began the reform of unifying military power and military affairs, forming a town, reorganizing the government standing army, disbanding the feudal clans, and completing the nationalization of the army.A large number of feudal soldiers were forced to retire and return home in the process, and the number of sergeants was greatly reduced, and the way out for the sergeants became narrower and narrower.In the case of the former Satsuma Domain in Kagoshima Prefecture, the standing army of the former domain consisted of 16,467 infantry, 511 artillery, and 1,190 other baggage and cavalry.The Kumamoto Town Tai Kagoshima Sub-Battalion, which replaced the old feudal soldiers, had a total of four brigades of the standing army, with no more than 4,620 soldiers, and the scale was greatly reduced.In December 1872, November 1872, the government issued a conscription edict and a conscription edict that deprived the noble clan of their proud privilege of serving as a soldier.The inheritance of the family from generation to generation was one of the fundamental privileges of the gentry, and although the Meiji government had an idea at the beginning of its establishment, it had to be handled cautiously because it involved the fundamental livelihood of the gentry.In the old shogunate era, Ieroku was associated with "Hoko", which was to fulfill feudal obligations to the lord and undertake certain work, while Ieroku was the right given by the lord to do so, and the two were interdependent.The family is inherited from generation to generation, and the job position is also inherited from generation to generation.However, after the abolition of the feudal domain and the establishment of the county, the old feudal government ceased to exist, and the scholars naturally lost the object of their official service, and at this time, a situation was formed in which they unilaterally received the family but did not bear the obligation.In addition, although the squire's income has been reduced, it still accounts for the government's annual expenditure in 2030 Meiji 6, and the government's land rent revenue is 60 million yen, while the household expenditure is 18.04 million yen, which is the largest part of the government expenditure, making the government obviously ineffective.There was a great deal of disagreement within the government about the fact that he had spent nearly 20 million yen a year in vain, and he demanded that he be punished from the perspective of equality between the four people and the improvement of finances.In August of the 9th year of the Meiji era, the government resolutely implemented the "Kinroku Public Bond" system, and completely abolished the Shiren family Ieroku.Although the nobles received a sum of compensation, most of them, especially the lower classes, went bankrupt due to poor management and ended up destitute in the labor market.The nobles have lost all material privileges, they are in desperate need of a way to make ends meet, and some of them are unwilling to sell their labor in the company of civilians, so the only way left is to transfer the crisis overseas, strengthen their armaments, carry out military expansion, and channel the resentment and dissatisfaction of the nobles overseas.As early as the Edo period, some Japanese scholars began to distort history, claiming that Korea had always been subservient to Japan and therefore could be taken away by Japan.By the end of the Edo period, there were proposals in Japan to send troops overseas to gain capital for confrontation with the great powers, and Korea naturally became the first target.Within the government, the Korean faction led by Saigo Takamori, one of the three heroes of the Meiji Restoration, and the internal faction, headed by one of the "Three Heroes" of the Okubo Ritsu Meiji Restoration, were formed.The difference was that the Saigo faction demanded that the envoys be sent immediately in order to obtain a pretext for war; Okubo, on the other hand, believed that sending envoys was to start a war immediately, and that Japan was still weak and the results of the Restoration had not yet been consolidated, so it was not the time to go to war.The Xixiang faction mainly focused on the current problem of the scholars, and wanted to use foreign wars to divert domestic contradictions; The Okubo faction, on the other hand, took a long-term view and sought gradual expansion to avoid interference from third countries.On October 23, 1873, in the 6th year of the Meiji era, the Emperor announced in the form of an edict that he had adopted the opinion of the Acting Imperial Minister, Iwakura Goshi, and overturned Saigo's conquest of Korea.On the same day, the "Five Senators of the Expedition to Korea" led by Saigo went to the field.The Meiji government's gradual abolition of the privileges of the gentry clan caused discontent among the gentry, and the foreign war was temporarily vetoed, and the way to transfer the crisis overseas was also blocked, and the only way for the gentry to vent their dissatisfaction was to oppose the Meiji government.The descent of Saigo and the Guards officers gave the disgruntled warriors with spiritual leaders and actual combat commanders, and allowed the grassroots and high-level of the uneven warriors to be combined, and the situation developed to this point, and the Southwest War was inevitable.President Moe is closely watching the situation of the Japanese in Beijing."
President, the preparations for the visit have been made, and the First Field Division of the Chinese Army can accompany you at any time."
Princess Katrina Kafu said to President Moe.President Moe nodded and took Princess Katrina Kaf's hand, "During this time, I spent more time with Geig, and I snubbed you a little. ”Princess Katrina Kafu smiled, "No, the president can be with whoever he likes, Katrina Kafu will not feel cold, besides, Yuqing and I can be by the president's side for a long time, better than many women, Tae-hee of North Korea, there is no such opportunity." ”President Meng nodded, "I'm going to go to North Korea recently, and when the situation in Asia is completely stabilized, our overall international situation will be on a higher level, and if the problem of Japan and North Korea is not solved, I don't dare to launch a South Asian war to expel the British and French." ”"Yes, the president must no longer provoke the British and the French now, the problems of the Central Asian provinces have not been completely resolved, the situation is unstable, plus the new three provinces of Siberia, there is always a fear of the comeback of Tsarist Russia."
Princess Katrina Kafu said to President Moe.President Meng smiled, "Don't worry about Tsarist Russia for the time being, the Russians don't have this strength anymore, they are still exhausted in the Russian-Turkish war" t1706231537: