"Yes, Your Majesty."
Zeng Jize agreed with Emperor Hua's statement.President Meng smiled slightly, originally, with the age and experience of him and Zeng Jize, Zeng Jize should have preached to himself.However, the person who is the emperor is so troubled that it is difficult for someone to guide him on how to do it.Even the emperors of ancient emperors and emperors usually have two brushes, but no matter how powerful the emperor is, it is rare to teach a powerful emperor, because the emperor is not a profession that can be taught by people.Emperors need talent, they need to understand by themselves, and even ordinary people are like this, and the master leads the door to practice in individuals, mainly relying on self-study.Therefore, this is the reason why so many people respect Zeng Guofan so much, Emperor Hua and Zeng Jize talked about the reform of Huaguo from the matter of Zeng Guofan.From the ruler's point of view, Zeng Guofan's people, of course, the more the better, strict with themselves, and at the same time able to be lenient with others, of course, this mainly refers to subordinates and colleagues, not the common people, for the common people, Zeng shaved his head is an executioner, this is naturally the part of the Chinese emperor that Zeng Guofan has reservations.Therefore, at most, the Chinese emperor acquiesced in the publication of Zeng Guofan's book and put it into the textbook as extracurricular reading materials, but he would not call on the whole country to study Zeng Guofan with great fanfare.On the basis of accepting European critical literature, Zeng Guofan's family letters and diaries are good books that the Emperor believes is very good at curbing the influence of Western ideas in the current environment of China at the end of the 19th century.Hua Huang believes that the Westernization Movement is a stage that promotes the progress of China's modern history, which is mainly reflected in the Westernization Movement.Huaguo is still in the stage of the Westernization Movement, but the core has changed, and it is no longer a feudal government, but a new, enlightened bourgeois-dominated government system.At that time, the Qing court vigorously promoted Westernization, first put forward "self-improvement" and then flaunted "seeking wealth" and founded a series of modern enterprises, including the Fuzhou Shipbuilding Bureau, the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, and so on, which objectively stimulated the development of capitalism.This is continuously linked to the current policy of the Chinese state, so Zeng Guofan's ideas should be retained, and Li Hongzhang continued to be retained by the Chinese emperor, which are the concrete embodiment of how the Chinese emperor maintained the scholars of this era after overthrowing the Manchu rule.Huahuang's reform is a reform in the true sense of the word, and it is moderate.At the same time, although the management of modern enterprises of the Westernization movement did not belong to the standardized capitalist mode of operation, it also stimulated the emergence of the Chinese proletariat in some aspects.If it was still ruled by the Qing court, there would never be a way out for the Westernization Movement, because the Westernization Movement was actually the self-promotion of the Empress Dowager Cixi and Prince Gong.After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing government cleaned up the mess after the war, because the rich Jiangnan could not pay taxes normally for more than ten years, it was even more embarrassing, Prince Gong and others introduced foreign technology, hoping to use Western technology and enterprises to save the Qing Dynasty, and thrived with the efforts of Li Hongzhang, Zhang Zhidong and others, so they preached "Tongzhi Zhongxing".What the Westernization Movement wanted to do most was to create a "strong ship and artillery power" in the West, on the one hand, to resist foreign aggression, and more importantly, to suppress the people's movement at home.Later, it also ran civilian industries, and on the whole, it was a government-run industry supporting and collecting money for officials.The Meiji Restoration was essentially a revolution.The transition from the Qing court to the Chinese state was only a reform.In the hands of Huahuang, there were almost no deaths, but the speed of development was unprecedented.Huahuang is an ordinary crossing giant, there is no fantasy golden finger, every step Huahuang does, you need to be down-to-earth, and you must not make mistakes.The Meiji Restoration was based on the premise of military reform, and the political establishment of the Meiji government followed by the economic reform.In this revolution, the "bourgeois transformation" from feudal society to modern capitalist society was completed.The Meiji Restoration swept away all obstacles through violent revolution, and China spontaneously sought to become stronger.During the Manchu Dynasty's Westernization Movement, the presiding ministers were mainly Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, Li Hongzhang and Hu Linyi.As far as the Qing Dynasty was concerned, on the one hand, it had a serious historical burden, "exhausting the material resources of the world and raising soldiers for eight points", on the other hand, the inherent interest strata were not swept away, and the resistance to reform was great and the results were small.The failure of the Westernization Movement was inevitable, but the success of the Meiji Restoration was not lacking in chance.The Emperor did not think that the Meiji Restoration was very clever, but fortunately, this small island country was placed in Asia, on the edge of the decaying Qing Dynasty, and if Japan was placed next to Britain, France, and Germany, it would be turned into ashes.Even if Japan was placed next to Tsarist Russia, which was in the transition from a feudal economy to a capitalist economy, Japan was still photographed in ashes.The basic line of Japan's colonization and industrial development is that the government supports private capital and encourages free competition of private capital, and its initial government-owned enterprises are rapidly privatized, and private enterprise groups with international competitiveness are rapidly growing.The Westernization Movement of the Manchu Qing Dynasty never got out of the dead-end of "government supervision and business management, political power monopoly, collusion between officials and businessmen, and enrichment of private pockets", and private capital never became the main body of the country's economic growth, and the competitiveness of private capital was completely impossible.Japan soon abandoned the philosophy of governing the country by "respecting the king and promoting the emperor" and turned to "all-round enlightenment" and pursued the concept of "harmony with the soul and foreign talents," and the whole country rose up to learn from the advanced science and technology of the West."
The only way to take the enlightened rule of overseas as a model is to abandon one's own shortcomings, learn from the strengths of others, break bad habits, and become old-fashioned," Okubo said.The Qing court, on the other hand, stubbornly clinged to the vanity of the great powers of the Celestial Empire, and tried its best to reject the advanced thinking and system of the West."
China's civil and military system is far superior to Westerners in everything, and firearms alone are inferior."
For a long time, he has been stuck in the quagmire of the controversy of "middle school as the body, Western learning as the use" and cannot extricate himself, and even "the master's skills are used to control the country", but he has not really put it into action.Therefore, in the view of Emperor Hua, Zeng Guofan's ideas have merit, but Zeng Guofan was originally worked by the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and there was no foundation, and it was also a fantasy to rely on the landlord class to lead such a huge reform, and there was no possibility of success at all.In Emperor Hua's view, it is impossible to succeed in the Wuxu Reform, and even if it succeeds, Yuan Shikai led people to kill the Empress Dowager Cixi, and the outcome cannot be changed, because the landlord class cannot take charge of such a huge national transformation as Huaguo, and the later history also proves that this warlord division is actually a product of the landlord class, not a product of the capitalist economy.If the Wuxu Reform Law is completed, it is very likely that it will only be the early arrival of Beiyang.The most difficult political issue to solve in the late Qing Dynasty was not whether to learn from the West and change the law, but in fact there was a consensus from top to bottom, and the question was whether it was just gradual or reformed.Kang Youwei was actually just one of those who tried to change the law, and he and the emperor found some common ground, but he was by no means the representative of the change, let alone the only one who wanted to use the Western political system to change the law.The Westernization Movement was not without results, and the localities at the end of the Qing Dynasty basically possessed a series of basic functions of the modern government, especially the police, health and a simple system of deliberation, and smoothly transformed into a new type of state, at least in terms of administrative form.The core is the political foundation, which has little to do with whether the house has changed from a courtyard house to a building.Looking at problems at the national level is mainly to look at the internal and core foundations.The state capitalism promoted by the Chinese emperor focused on state socialism, which was not much different from the current policy pursued by Bismarck.Bismarck's policy can also be called the national-socialist doctrine.All belong to the advanced forms of capitalism, and Bismarck is indeed talented.The only difference is that no matter how strong Bismarck is, he is only the second-in-command, and Huahuang is the number one in Huaguo's railway, as long as Huahuang does not die, Huaguo's leadership is the most stable.Since the end of the Taiping War, the construction of a new type of society has been the goal of the joint efforts of all strata.From the people's society to the new social organization in the county, the new type of charity, the new type of publishing, the new type of economic entity, the new financial and economic means, to the police station, the hospital, the school, the post office and even the toilet, and even the gradual modernization of various government agencies, the new type of society has actually been developing, although it is not very effective, but it has indeed changed the underlying structure of the country.Huahuang is now different in China, not only all the institutions have been up, the buildings have been up, the railways have been connected, the most important thing is that the government is a new government, although it still takes time to improve, but Huaguo has been stable, all the people, have adapted to this system, the basic way of life of the people has soon changed, and after the Qing court naturally collapsed, it has become a consensus to see a doctor and go to the hospital, catch thieves and find the police, and the ability of the Chinese people to accept things has never been bad, these were in the 60s of the 19th century, even the most enlightened elite does not have such a habit.From this point of view, the social transformation of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in the original history was actually very successful.But the biggest problem of the Qing court is the general militarization of the place after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, from the Tang Dynasty onwards, how to defend the feudal town is the basic proposition of the regime, it is fair to say that the achievements of the Qing Dynasty are the best among the dynasties, but also the worst of the dynasties, it is indeed the Eight Banners of success, the defeat of the Eight Banners, the particularity of the Eight Banners led to their inability to localize, although this tendency has always existed in the Qing Dynasty, but localization often means that the Eight Banners lose their combat effectiveness.Because the Eight Banners are essentially professional soldiers, and the regimental training armament is just the opposite, once established, in fact, whether in the hometown or elsewhere, it is impossible to leave local politics, and the less like a professional army, the more powerful it tends to be.The Qing Dynasty had already lost the Eight Banners in the Taiping War, and its fate could not be reversed.In the end, whatever the motives of the local governors, in fact, it has created a question of what voice is used to speak in the political situation of the whole country, and the gun can really directly produce power, and politics no longer needs to have a direct connection with political opinions.It is precisely because of this that many people so-called "Zeng Li is not self-reliant" problem, because at this time, when going down to a village or a province, militarization has led to a high degree of political fragmentation, and the gun out of power has actually become a social consensus in the last decades of the Qing Dynasty.For a country in a hurry to reform, this became a fatal flaw.Emperor Hua believes that even if Cixi herself really wants to reform and become strong, there is no way to reverse this point in essence, because it represents a class and a group, and it is not a person with real power who can influence the entire class.This problem also existed after the Meiji Restoration, but it was very different in China and Japan, where the military was at least expelled from local affairs, while in China, the military was a very important element of local politics, not to mention the late Qing Dynasty, no matter what faction you are, in the end, you were just vassals of military leaders.Any warlord society will quickly fall into a serious political and social disconnect, and any so-called reform will be quickly neutralized.In fact, from the second half of the 19th century, the only problem of the Qing court was the problem of warlords, which was not just a matter of a few military leaders, but the common people and the national elite.t1706231537: