What the Chinese Emperor can do is far more than just fighting with the British, and the Zulu War and the fact that Hua Guo is now facing the matter of being restricted by the British from the Japanese Kyushu Island, the two can be combined, and it is also the genius of the Hua Huang In the 80s of the nineteenth century, at least in the last few years, the Hua Huang certainly did not have the ability to let the Chinese army intervene in affairs outside the homeland, and the military and national strength were not enough to support long-distance wars, but this does not mean that Hua Guo could not intervene in affairs and intervene in international affairs as soon as possible.
Establishing a positive image of Hua Huang himself and Hua Guo as soon as possible is naturally clear to Hua Huang about the role of enhancing Hua Guo's international status.The massacre of a large group of young women in September 1876 for not accepting Séchivayo's arrangement to marry an older group of men, but choosing men of the same age themselves, led to an outcry from the Natal government, which generally tended to condescend to the affairs of the conquered African peoples.Tensions between Céchivaio and the Transvaal over the border dispute persist.Sir Theophilus Shepstone, whom Sécchioiou regarded as his friend, supported Sécchioiou on the issue of the boundary dispute, but in 1877 he led a small army into De Wasland and persuaded the local Boers to renounce their independence.Shepstone became the administrator of De Wasland and thus began to look at the border from a different perspective.In February 1878, the Deputy Governor of Natal appointed a commission to examine the border issue.The Commission's report was issued in July and resulted in a result that was entirely in favour of the Zulus.Sir Battle Freel, then High Commissioner, considered the sentence to be totally unfair to the Boer side, arguing that in the land given to the Zulus, the Boers should be compensated when they left and protected if they did not.Séchivayo now found that no one could rescue Bishop Colenso in Natal and was seen by the British as indulging in "provocative sentiments" and conniving at the atrocities of the Zulus on the border of Natal and Dewasland.In August 1878, three events of independence took place between late July and September, and in August Freer seized on these events as an excuse to get the attention of his superiors.The first two events concern the sheikh's two wives who fled into Natal, who were later captured and executed by his brother and sons, and are described as follows: "One of the chief's concubines left him and fled to Natal.On 28 July 1878, she was captured by the chief's son and his brother in a fenced village where she was hiding, and escorted back to Zululand, where she was executed under the laws of the Zulu Kingdom. ”A week later, the same young man, the chief's son, and his two other brothers and an uncle, in a similar way, captured another fugitive concubine, and a young male who had fled with her.The woman was escorted back to China to await the death penalty; Although her male companion's actions were also unforgivable crimes in the eyes of the Zulus, the Zulus did not touch a single hair, because he was in British territory. ”The third incident occurred in September, when two men were suddenly arrested at a sand bar near the central ferry crossing of the Tuguera River.Freel described the incident to Sir Hicksbeach, the Colonial Chancellor: "Mr.
Smith, a surveyor of the Colonial Works Department, was at that time on duty to inspect the road to Tuguera, and was accompanied by Mr.
Dunton, a merchant who lived in Buckingham, near the Buckingham Fort, which Sir John had ordered several years earlier, to pass through Tugera towards a shoal.The stream was very low and flowed below the banks of the Zulu side, but they kept walking on this side of the river and did not cross the line until they were surrounded by 15 to 20 Zulus armed and imprisoned, and their horses were confiscated by the Zulus, although they also walked on the side of the river near Natal.They were subjected to rough treatment and intimidation for a period of time; Although in the end, they were released at the behest of one of the chiefs and allowed to leave. ”These in themselves are not sufficient to justify an invasion of the Zulus.Moreover, Sir Henry Bourwall himself did not initially believe that Sécchivaio was responsible for the capture and murder of the two women, and it was clear that this was not a political move."
I have made representations to the Zulu king of the atrocious and heinous crimes committed by his subjects in Natal, and to demand that he surrender the criminals required by the government, in accordance with the laws of the colony, the accomplices of the two sons of the chieftain, of whom he is the leader."
Séchuayo dealt with the complaint lightly, replying: "Séchuayo is very sorry and has to admit that the news brought is true, but he begs me not to take responsibility on his own initiative, given what he sees as the actions of the Natal government, such as the actions of the chief's sons, he can only attribute to a rash act, and the boys' zeal to defend their father's family without considering the consequences of doing so."
Séchuaio acknowledged that they deserved to be punished, and that he had sent some of his messengers, who would follow his words.Sechuaio hereby declares that no act of his subjects can cause him to complain about the elders of the House of Sciaccia. ”Initially, the Vice-Governor of Natal lodged a protest with Séchiwaio to ask the Zulus to hand over the criminals.This plea was later transformed by Freel into a strong demand: "In addition to the general expectations of the Zulu people, it seems to me that an armed force crossing the obvious and well-known boundary line to arrest the two women in distress within British territory, and to bring them home for execution at will, and to cast contemptuous disregard for the protests of the Natal police, is a desecration and trampling on the territorial rights of the British Empire, if not to comply with the demands of the Deputy Governor to apologize and compensate for the damage, And to bring the two main culprits to justice, then it is necessary to issue an ultimatum like King Zulu, the consequence of which is to put an end to the peaceful coexistence of the two neighboring countries. ”In this urgent letter, the ultimatum was mentioned for the first time.After an in-depth conversation and an extensive exchange of views between Freel and Sir Bulvoir, it was decided to arrange a meeting with the representatives of King Zulu.The apparent reason for the meeting was what the Commission had stated in its decision on the border.In fact, the British were ready to take the opportunity to give an ultimatum to King Zulu.The crimes committed by the chief's two sons and the mistreatment of Smith and Dunton were only part of the argument when the ultimatum was issued, and several other arguments were put forward.One of these reasons was that Séchuaio had blatantly broken a promise made to Shepstone at the King's coronation in 1872.This farcical coronation was entirely to fulfill Shepstone's wishes and was meaningless to the Zulus.In fact, he had been crowned a few weeks earlier, when he had already been recognized and praised by his Zulu chief.In 1879 the British handed over to King Séchihuaio on the banks of the Tuguera River to the delegates, including the provisions of the ultimatum.Article 4 is required to be complied with immediately, while Articles 1 to 3 are required to be fulfilled within 20 days, i.e. up to and including December 31; The remaining provisions, Articles 5 to 13, were allowed to be concluded at a further 10 days.The minimum deadline was later changed, and all terms were limited to 10 January 1879.One: Deliver Sihayo's younger brother and two sons to the Natal Tribunal.2.
Pay a fine of 500 for the atrocities committed and for the delay shown by Séchihuaio in complying with the demands of the Natal Government to hand over the criminals.Three: 100 fines for mistreatment of Mr.
Smith and Mr.
Dunton.Four: Keep the pledges made at the coronation.Five: Disband the Zulu army and allow the soldiers to return home.Sixth, the Zulu military system was abolished, and other adopted military regulations could only be decided in consultation with the British delegates and the Grand Council.7.
Every man has the freedom to marry when he reaches the age of majority.Eight: All missionaries and their converts who were still living in Zululand until 1877 will be allowed to return to their posts.Ix.
All such missionaries will be allowed to preach, and their elected Zulus will have the freedom to hear their mission.X: A British agent will be allowed to reside in Zululand, who will monitor the implementation of the above points.XI: All disputes involving missionaries and Europeans must be heard by the king in public.XII: No expulsion order shall be enforced in Zululand except with the consent of the residents.The ultimatum also included a demand, which was almost the last to come up, that the Zulu surrender the son of a Swazi king who had failed in a struggle with his brother for the succession to the throne and was exiled from his own country.He succeeded in seeking asylum, and it is likely that Séchuaio wanted to use him as a bargaining chip for himself and the Boers in the Dewasland issue.Bei began his permanent residence on Mount Terverburg, a flat-topped hill overlooking the river.Bei regularly raided people in the area, whether Boer or Zulu, and took cattle and prisoners without permission.After the annexation of Dewasland, the British had to deal with Ubei, and Freel was convinced that the bandit leader had been financed by the Zulu king, so an ultimatum explicitly demanded that he be surrendered.In a memorandum written by Sir Bulwer, there is a special paragraph about Unbii: "The king said that Ubii had caused him a lot of trouble, and denied Ubii's actions, claiming that Ubii had left Zulu and had gone back to fight with his brother for the position of Swazi chieftain, and that he would be killed as soon as he was returned."
But there is no indication that the king punished him in any way, on the contrary, it is safe to say that even if Unbii did not act on the express orders of Séchuaio, he knew that he would have the king's acquiescence in doing what he did. ”Freel was accused of deception, and he used the length of time the letters traveled between South Africa and London to hide his intentions from his superiors, or at least to postpone giving them the necessary information until it was too late for them to act.In his personal letter to Hicksbeach dated October 14, 1878, he first hinted to the Imperial Government of Great Britain that he was trying to make tough demands like the Zulus.But the letter did not reach London until 16 November, when the emissary had already been sent from Natal to the Zulu King to request that a Zulu delegation appear on 11 December to accept the decision of the Boundary Commission.If Hicksbeach had sent a telegram at the time to explicitly prohibit any action, it would have reached the point where South Africa would have been able to prevent an ultimatum from being made, but only just right.However, no ban has been issued, and it is almost impossible to expect it, as Hicksbeach learns that the ultimatum has been given at the last minute and there can be no other way.Nowhere in Freel's letters is there a hint of how quickly he will act, nor is there any hint at how harsh his demands are.Hicks Beach had earlier complained to the Prime Minister, admitting his helplessness on the issue of Freer's actions: "I have done everything in my power to Sir Bfriel, both privately and officially, to express this view without first provocation.But I can't really control him without a telegraph, and I don't know if I can control him even if I have a telegraph.I think it's very likely that he's now at war with the Zulus.It is believed that Freel wanted to provoke a conflict with the Zulus, and he achieved this purpose.Séchuayo refused the request made on 11 December and did not respond until the end of the year.On January 11, 1879, the British made concessions, after which the atmosphere of the Great War was thought to have taken shape.But Séchhuaio did not give any response, and in January 1879 a British army led by Lieutenant General Frederick Augustus Stestein and Baron Chelmsford began to invade Zululand, without the approval of the British government, Baron Chelmsford led this army of 5,000 Europeans and 8,200 Africans, the latter 3,000 hired to defend the border with Natal, and another 1,400 Europeans and 400 Africans stationed in Utrecht.The three columns preparing to invade Zululand marched towards Roque Ferry and Utrecht downstream from Tuguela, and their targets were Ulundi Undi, a fenced village of the South African indigenous people in Kraa, where the Zulu royal family was located.The army of Séchivaio numbered 40,000 men, and the entry of the three columns was unhindered.On 22 January, the central column, consisting of 1,600 Europeans and 2,500 Africans, was encamped near Isandel Wana; On that morning the Baron Chelmsford divided his army and formed some of them into a scouting party.When he left the camp where Lieutenant Colonel Henry Plain was in charge, he was shocked to find that the mighty Zulu army numbered nearly 20,000 men.Chelmsford's previous refusal to set up a defensive camp and ignoring reports that the Zulu army was imminent at this point decided that it was too late to regret it.The ensuing Battle of Isandelwana was the greatest victory of the entire war for the Zulu Kingdom.After that, the Zulu reserve of about 3,000 men staged a surprise attack on the border line behind the Rock Ferry, which was repulsed after 10 hours of heavy fighting.While the British Central Column under the command of Chelmsford was overwhelmed by the war, the right flank column marching along the riverbank, led by Colonel Charles Pearson, crossed the Tuguela River, engaged in skirmishes with the Zulu warband, who were trying to set up an ambush on the Injezanne River, and advanced towards the abandoned Estehan Missionary Station, where he was to build fortifications.As a result of the previous disaster in Isandelwana, Pearson learned his lesson and retreated farther away from the Tuguela River.But before he could decide whether or not to put his plan into action, the Zulu army managed to cut off the British supply lines, and the Siege of Eshao began.At this time, the left column under the command of Colonel Evelynwood was initially tasked with occupying the Zululand tribes in the northwest and preventing them from blocking the advance of the column towards Ulundi, but in the end Wood had to set up camp in the Tta tribe, only ten kilometers south of Mount Holoburn, on which the Zulu army of about 4,000 men was stationed.The British encountered great difficulties in the initial stage of the Emperor's Bureau of Statistics because of the delay in transmitting information from Africa to Europe, so the Emperor Hua currently has so much information in his hands.After reading the complete information, everyone was silent for a while.t1706231537: