The long-distance and close attack itself was a practical strategy provided by Fan Ju for King Qin Zhao and the Qin State, and the reason for fighting with neighboring countries was that the adjacent geographical environment could enable the country to quickly concentrate its military forces to carry out superior strikes, and obtain the largest Warring States, and finally achieve military occupation.Alliances with distant countries are, on the one hand, to avoid the risk of being attacked on both sides or the variables of a war involving a third country, and second, to isolate a neighboring country to quickly consolidate the military results of a war against a neighboring country.This kind of practical strategy, applied to the 19th century alone, is indeed something that cannot be directly applied.In modern warfare, it is almost impossible to carry out a full-scale military occupation of a country and achieve the goal of plundering territory, and even if there is a superiority in strength, the cost of engaging in a full-scale war with a country is huge.People can move, unless there is some magic that can lock up all the people in a country and kill them all, this is impossible.In the 19th century, Africa may be a little worse, Europe has a strong sense of nationhood, and the Americas and Asia are gradually under the colonial rule of the great powers, passively beginning to civilize, and the national consciousness is gradually awakening.It is the best choice to become a big brother and let people attach themselves to themselves.Just like Canada, even before the rebirth of the Chinese emperor, it still recognized Britain and France as its big brother.Second, the geopolitical environment of modern countries is no longer determined by geographical distance alone, and the enhancement of military means and the global integration of the commercial and trade system have reversed the local geopolitical situation.Thus, the relationship between states is far from being a structure of mere military hostility or contractual military alliances.However, this practical strategy methodology can still be applied to the present.The essence of the so-called "close offensive" is that the geopolitical conflict with itself is the most obvious, and the entanglement of interests is the most frequent, because the structure is convenient, it can concentrate its own advantages and expand outward, and influence it to a certain extent on the "centripetal trend", so as to achieve a certain degree of dominance and strive for the greatest strategic interests.The essence of the so-called "distant relations" is to adopt the methods of friendship, stalemate, or shelving disputes when they are relatively far away from their own geopolitical conflicts or their interests are not important, and their own forces cannot directly influence them to balance the geopolitical relations, so as to maintain the relationship in a "medium-quality state" and prevent it from adversely affecting the existing strategic space as a third-party uncertain factor.This is also the "strategic space theory" in a sense.Most of the traditional geopolitical divisions are operated with the actual control area as the core, which is called "geospatial theory".It was not until 100 years later that the Emperor of China understood the problem that he understood in 1879, and it was not until 100 years later that the Emperor of China saw and heard that he was 100 years ahead of the present.In the modern geopolitical game, the concept of actual control is generalized.If a region can be extremely dependent on its own economy, this is also a kind of "control".And this is exactly the form of control that the emperor needs, with the understanding of the war, the emperor is actually more and more conservative about the war, not a last resort, unwilling to use force, the army moves, the national economy is a substantial regression, selling arms, is to stimulate the economy.Let others fight, let others fight for themselves, this is the best.If a one-way diplomatic tie-up of a certain area can be carried out "within the controllable range", this is also control.If a "military presence" and "rapid response" can be maintained on a certain geographical location, it is also a type of control.Therefore, the so-called "strategic space" is all the "practical operational" space, including the homeland, constituted by means of "economic centripethal", "military presence", "diplomatic binding", "geopolitical derivation", "alliance agreements", etc., and its essence is "soft expansionism".The difference with "military expansionism" is that it no longer relies solely on "military occupation".Then this set of "long-distance and close-range" methodology has actually been expanded.China's friendship with certain countries, including geographically close Russia and certain countries in Southeast Asia, is essentially "attacking" rather than "communicating," but the "attack" here is not a simple confrontational military means.And this "near" is not only geographical, relatively speaking, some countries on the European continent that have the need for economic mutual assistance are also considered "close".This is a kind of "close attack" in a sense.In the same way, although China's diplomatic conflicts with certain countries are geographically very close, they are "far away" in strategic space, because China's current dominant ability is not yet able to achieve a "centripetal" effect on them, and it is often subject to the "centripetal" influence of another country.Therefore, China has either reached a military stalemate and diplomatic stalemate in a certain sense in diplomacy, or it may be to put aside the dispute and maintain a "neutral attitude" in the relationship, which is also a "communication" in a sense.At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, with the decline of the Khitan and the rise of the Jurchens, the contradictions between the northern nomads became increasingly prominent, which provided a rare opportunity for the Northern Song Dynasty to solve the problem of nomads that threatened national security.However, in the face of this opportunity, the Northern Song Dynasty regime made the wrong choice, he united with the Jurchens to destroy the Liao, and eliminated the Liao State that objectively served as its own barrier for the rising Jurchens.As a result, soon after the destruction of Liao, the Jurchens launched a war against the Northern Song Dynasty and destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop.The reason why the Northern Song Dynasty made such a choice was, on the one hand, because of the long-term grudge and hatred with the Liao State, which made it make a short-sighted choice, and it must cause the death of the old enemy of the Liao State for many years; On the other hand, the strategy of distant and close attack used by successive dynasties also made the Northern Song Dynasty think that it was a correct choice to unite with the Jurchens to destroy the Liao.Long-distance and close attacks were an aggressive strategy that needed to be used in conjunction with a strong military force, and it was counterproductive for the Northern Song regime, which had long been militarily weak and had always adopted a defensive strategy, to adopt such a strategy in this period and situation.This political choice of the Northern Song Dynasty can be called the opposite of the north, which not only did not help to ensure national security, but hastened its own demise.One of the events that had a major impact on the pattern of Chinese history brought about by the Jurchen invasion, the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty was the re-southward shift of China's economic and political center, which eventually made the Jiangnan region the economic and cultural center of China.Coincidentally, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, when the Jurchen regime was declining and the Mongol regime was rising, the Southern Song regime, instead of learning from the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, repeated the same mistake as the Northern Song Dynasty and united with the Mongols to destroy the Jin, a mistake that naturally led to the same result.Therefore, Hua Huang believes that in this era at the end of the 19th century, good relations with countries near and far are the right way.The strategy of "long-distance and close attack" will not disappear completely.Globally, the long-distance and close-range attack has lost its former significance in the era of globalization, but this policy has not stayed away from China, but has become a norm from a new perspective.On a regional scale, long-range melee attacks are still widespread."
Far" is no longer simply a physical distance, but a non-conflict of national interests.However, the conflict of national interests is precisely related to geographical location and is inseparable from ideology.Geopolitics, not only remember distant and close attacks, but also remember the cold lips and teeth.The former is said to the strong, and the latter is said to the weak.Huaguo's current state of not being strong or weak has very high requirements for Huaguo and Huahuang, especially for Huahuang, who is just a giant with no political experience, and he is still in the groping stage, sometimes panicking.Another point is that the geographical conditions of China are still important considerations today.After hitting a wall one after another, the first choice of the Chinese emperor shifted from Austria-Hungary to Germany.The country that Huahuang particularly admires is Germany, mainly because Germany's basic industry is definitely a thumbs up, which can make up for China's shortcomings.t1706231537: