Immediately after Germany issued a statement in support of Japan, Ito Hirobumi also told the whole of Europe through German newspapers what kind of country China was, reversed right and wrong, and expelled them from Korea as if they had never been to Korea."
The Japanese are really scoundrels, and they are simply a country of exile."
Princess Katrina Kafu said angrily.President Meng just smiled faintly, "Forget it, don't think about these unpleasant things."
Is it possible to meet King Alfonso XII of Spain today?"
Princess Catrina Caaf sighed, "Yes, Your Majesty, this time it is really thanks to Queen Maria Cristina of Spain, whom I met in Italy before, and it was her help that allowed us to get this opportunity." ”"That's true, this is one of the few opportunities for us to meet the monarchs of European countries" President Meng is very satisfied with this result, whether it is gained or not, it is at least a good opportunity to be able to meet the monarchs of a country directly."
Not only that, I heard that this Alfonso XII is a man who does not have much ability, and the most important thing is that we can meet their prime minister, Antonio Canovas del Castillo."
In the Revolution of 1868, Alfonso XII's mother was deposed.He was taken out of Spain by his mother and received a good education in Paris, Vienna and England.Isabella II officially abdicated in 1870 in the hope that the move would help Alfonso regain the crown, but the Spanish Parliament chose Amedeo de Savoy, the son of King Vittorio Emmanuel II of Italy, as king.Amedio de Savoy was overwhelmed by the Carlist Wars, the activities of the republicans, and the infighting of the aristocracy.In 1873, Amedio de Savoy voluntarily abdicated in a chaotic situation, clearing the way for Alfonso XII to come to power and restoring the Bourbon dynasty.On December 28, 1874, the royalist general Arsenio Martínez de Campos staged a coup d'état and proclaimed Alfonso XII King of Spain.Alfonso XII returned to power the following year, 1875.Alfonso XII finally suppressed the Carlist rebellion in 1876, known as the Second Don Carlos War.The heir of the Carlos line, Don Carlos the Younger, claimed that Carlos VII had been defeated, and the Carlos faction never posed a threat to the Spanish throne.In the same year, Alfonso XII ordered Parliament to draft a new constitution in an attempt to introduce an English-style two-party system into Spanish political life.During the reign of Alfonso XII, the most influential minister was Prime Minister Antonio Canovas del Castillo, the founder of the Spanish Conservative Party.Although Spanish Prime Minister Antonio is not an iron-blooded politician and has no ambitions for royal power, he is also a Bismarck-like figure in Spain.That's why Princess Katrina Caaf is happy to have the opportunity to meet both the King and the Prime Minister of Spain.Spain's continued struggle with rival powers, territorial conflicts, trade, and religious conflicts led to a decline in Spanish power in the mid-17th century.In the Mediterranean, the Kingdom of Spain was at war with the Ottoman Empire; On the European continent, France gradually became stronger; Overseas, Spain first competed with Portugal, and later rivals also included England and the Netherlands.Moreover, Britain, France, and the Netherlands supported naval robbery, Spain overused its military power on its territory, government corruption, and military spending led to economic stagnation, which ultimately led to the decline of the empire.The Peace of Utrecht in 1713 deprived Spain of its remaining territories in Italy and the Low Countries, ending the history of its continental empire.The situation in Spain has improved since then, but European politics has always been a second-rate country.However, Spain has maintained and expanded its colonial empire.In the 19th century, the onslaught of the Peninsular War led to the South American War of Independence, which led to the declaration of independence of the countries in 1808 and 1833.The revolution that followed deprived Spain of its colonies near the Caribbean.The Spanish Empire retained considerable territory in the Caribbean, Spanish Cuba and Spanish Puerto Rico, Spanish Philippines and Oceania, Spanish Micronesia, Spanish Palau, and Spanish Northern Mariana Islands until the Spanish-American War of 1898.Spain was supposed to be able to restore the afterglow of its empire, but Napoleon's rise in France frustrated its aspirations.The first major overseas territory that Spain lost in the 19th century was the vast Louisiana Territory.It stretched all the way north to Canada and was ceded by France in 1763.In 1800, the French Emperor Napoleon regained his rule under the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso III and sold it to the United States, which Louisiana purchased in 1803.In the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, the Spanish main fleet was destroyed by French order, reducing Spain's ability to defend and maintain its empire.In addition, Napoleon's army invaded Spain in 1808, effectively cutting Spain off from the Empire.But in reality, it was internal strife that ended its Americas.Napoleon's sale of Louisiana to the United States in 1803 caused a border dispute between the United States and Spain.The U.S. government considered Spain's West Florida to be within the scope of the land purchase and demanded that Spain return the land.Spain protested against this, arguing that the Louisiana purchase was limited to the New Orleans area, and opposed the U.S. demand.In 1810, the United States seized the opportunity to expand its territory eastward in the remaining lands of Louisiana in West Florida and the mouth of the Mississippi River, forcing Spain to submit.Finally, in 1819, the two countries signed the Treaty of Adams Onis, in which Spain ceded the two to the United States and sold all of Florida to each other.In 1808, the King of Spain was tricked into letting his country be annexed by Napoleon without firing a shot.But the brutal French army provoked the Spaniards to revolt and continue to wage guerrilla warfare, and Goya's famous book depicts the war scene.Napoleon dubbed the Peninsula War his "ulcer".Later, Spain experienced a power vacuum for nearly a decade, decades of turmoil, civil war over succession, the birth of a republic, and finally the development of liberal democracy.In the first three of the 19th century, Spain lost many of its colonies, leaving only Cuba and Puerto Rico, as well as remote areas such as the Philippines, Guam, and the adjacent Pacific islands, as well as the Spanish Sahara, parts of Morocco, and Spanish Guinea.The Latin American War of Independence was triggered by a failed British invasion of the Spanish colonies.This happened in 1806 with the Viceroy of the Río de la Plata.The defenders of the colony were defeated by a small British army, and the governor hastily retreated to the hills.In 1807, after the "Cleolo" militia and colonial troops had repelled the British reinforcements, they were reminded of the revolutions that had taken place in North America, and they immediately thought of fighting for independence and encouraged the rest of the Americas to follow suit.This was followed by a long war in Latin America, which led to the independence of Paraguay in 1811 and Uruguay in 1815.But Uruguay was then ruled by Brazil until 1828.In the south, José de San Martín fought for the freedom of Argentina in 1816, Chile in 1818 and Peru in 1821; In the north, Simón Bolívar and Antonio José Sucre led armies that eventually succeeded in bringing independence to the six states of Venezuela, Colombia, and present-day Panama in 1825 until 1903, Ecuador and Bolivia.In addition, Father Miguel Hidalgo Costilia, a priest who believed in free thought, opened the prelude to the Mexican independence movement in 1810 and succeeded in 1821.Central America declared its independence in 1821 and was once united with Mexico in 1822-23.Santo Domingo also declared independence in 1821 and began talks to join Bolivar de la Colombia, but was soon annexed by Haiti until a revolution took place in 1844.Since then, only Cuba and Puerto Rico have been left among the Spanish colonies in the Americas.There was also civil strife in Spain.After the end of the Napoleonic era, a power vacuum arose in war-torn Spain, which dissolved the traditional consensus on sovereignty, polarized the country's politics, and caused disputes and wars between reform, liberal, and conservative factions.t1706231537: