Everyone is familiar with the idiom of three days and four days, which comes from the second part of the book of Zhuangzi.
It has been handed down to this day, and it has completely deviated from the metaphorical meaning in the original text, and it can be said that it is unrecognizable.
When I first came into contact with this idiom, I thought it meant that a person who has this and thinks about that, insatiable.
Some people may think that it refers to a person who is capricious or a person who picks up sesame seeds and loses watermelon.
In short, the understanding varies.
In fact, various modern understandings have deviated from the meaning of Zhuangzi in the original text of the Theory of Things.
In Zhuangzi's theory of homogeneity, it refers to the amount of food that monkey keepers feed to monkeys, and decides to give the monkeys three liters of food in the morning and four liters of food in the evening.
As a result, the monkey thought it was less and shouted no.
Seeing this, the monkey keeper hurriedly changed his words and said, four liters in the morning and three liters in the evening.
When the monkey heard this, he felt as if there were more.
Three became four, did you just nod and agree.
Later, it became an idiom and was handed down.
In fact, in the original text of Zhuangzi's Theory of Things, it means to refer to people.
It's a monkey as an analogy.
The world thinks that they are smart, as smart as monkeys, monkeys and monkeys.
I only hear what I said before, but I don't know the final result.
The result is the same, there are only seven liters of food a day, but the monkey only hears the front from "three" to "four", which is obviously too much.
I didn't notice that the "four" in the back became "three", and the result did not change.
Zhuangzi means that most of us in the world are like monkeys, thinking that we are very smart, and we have been fooled by Confucianism and Mohistism, as well as by the hundred schools of thought, as well as some people who are as shrewd as monkey keepers.
They were all fooled by these shrewd people like monkey keepers, and they only heard what the monkey keepers said in the front, but they didn't listen to what they said later.
Or what the monkey keepers said later, they didn't listen to it at all.
During the Warring States period of Zhuangzi, all the sons and hundreds of schools of thought were selling their own doctrines and ideas, just like people in modern society were selling goods and advertising by singers and celebrities, all of them were talking about how good their doctrines and ideas were.
Especially at that time, the doctrines and ideas of Confucianism and Mohism were very popular, and they often held doctrine debate meetings to advocate their own doctrines and thoughts.
Of course, the Taoists at that time also debated with the Mohists.
Yang Zhu of Taoism, Poultry Slippery of the K Mo Family, and other inheritors of the Mo Doctrine.
Yang Zhu is famous all over the world for "not pulling out a hair", and he has also encountered criticism from the world for "not pulling out a hair".
Later, the Confucian Meng Ke, that is, the sub-sage Mencius in the opinion of later scholars, said that Yang Zhu's unstoppable thought was a beast.
Yang Zhu believes that the management of society and the governance of the country should start from the individual person, and look at the problem and solve the problem from the perspective and position of the individual person.
Because society, the state is made up of individual people.
Only by first governing individual people can we govern the world well.
Later Confucianism also said "self-cultivation, family harmony, governing the country, and leveling the world", and also put individual people in front.
Of course, Confucianism's "self-cultivation" is based on the perspective and position of society, which is different from Yang Zhu's "self-cultivation".
Yang Zhu's "self-cultivation" is to stand on the perspective and position of individual people, and from the perspective and position of the essence of human nature.
The same is about self-cultivation.
But the footholds of the two are different.
Depending on the foothold, the subsequent theories will naturally be very different.
Why did Zhuangzi make such an analogy?
Because whether it is Confucianism or Mohism, it is for the survival of human beings.
It's all about how to govern the country so that the people can live a good life.
This is the goal, and as for the means and methods you use, it is secondary to the masses of the people.
No matter how good you say, but the people can't get benefits, and they don't live a good life, you are deceiving people, just like a monkey keeper cheating a monkey, whether it is "three days and four evenings" or "four days and three days", the result is the same Why does Zhuangzi want to scold people, and compare the world to monkeys who have been played In fact, Zhuangzi did not openly insult the world, but only made a vague analogy.
It should not be an exaggeration to compare people to monkeys, but at that stage, monkeys were a little less intelligent than humans.
Besides, the metaphor of the monkey is more appropriate.
Zhuangzi's original intention should not be to insult the world, but to use this metaphor to guide others and make the world have an epiphany.
Combined with the original text of the theory of all things, we can find the origin of the allusion to the three days and the four days.
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Before that, after talking about the sounds of nature, the sounds of the earth, and the sounds of people, I began to talk about people.
As mentioned in the previous article, the sound of human beings, when viewed from the height of the road, is like the song of a bird, like the sound of a strong wind blowing in a tree hollow, and like the neighing of a wild beast.
Then it is lowered to the level of human beings to talk about human voices, that is, human voices.
What are the voices of people?
Zhuangzi then describes the various voices of the world and the people who make them.
In the theory of all things, from "the big knows the idle, the small knows the intermittent" to "the day and night replace the front, and I don't know what it is sprouting."
It is already so, it has been done at dusk, and the reason for it is born", that is, to describe the various voices of the world and the people who produce them.
Then there was an exclamation.
Different voices and different expressions, thus forming different people and lives.
Next, Zhuangzi explains to us why this is the case We shouldn't be like that Zhuangzi explained to us, saying that we are all human beings, and we are all part of the human body, just like the five internal organs in the human body.
You can't favor one over the other, you can't hurt each other, and you can't hurt each other.
Human beings are all part of heaven and earth, and like all things, they are all part of heaven and earth, and depend on heaven and earth for their birth.
Just like the five internal organs in the human body, they are all part of the human body, can we hurt each other?
Next, he will persuade us that life is very short, and that from birth to death, it is only a life process.
He was born weak, then he slowly grew stronger, and then he grew old and died.
This paragraph is from the last sentence from "once it is formed, do not forget to wait for it" to "I am alone, and people also have those who are not good", Zhuangzi sighed again, thinking that everyone in the world is so confused and ignorant, or is I alone thinking so?
Further down, we get to the point.
Zhuangzi tells us why people in the world are so confused and ignorant, and why they think they are as smart as monkeys.
In fact, it is because "Chengxin" is making trouble, and everything is caused by "Chengxin".
So what is Chengxin?
Chengxin, explained in layman's terms, is "preconception", a person often looks at things without going through their own brains, and habitual thinking, thinking that this is the case.
Mindfulness can also be biased as prejudice, prejudice, stubbornness, fixed thinking, habitual thinking, and so on.
How did the heart come about?
Zhuangzi believes that it is because we have been educated and taught by others, and we have been educated, taught, and guided by our parents, elders, and people around us since we were young.
When we grow up, we receive school education, and after we come into contact with society, we empathize with the social experience, etc., so that we have our own understanding and cognition of this society, so as to make our judgments, and then show our words and deeds.
This is where the heart comes from.
These people who teach us, including parents, elders, people who come into contact with us, husbands, people who come into contact with society, and the feelings that the living environment gives us, are all monkey keepers, and we are monkeys raised by others.
During the Warring States Period, the monkey breeders referred to by Zhuangzi mainly referred to Confucianism and Mohist, as well as the hundred schools of thought.
Because these people think that their doctrines and ideas are correct, they are all preaching, and they want people to learn from them.
It's a lot of noise, but the monkeys in the world have only one requirement, and that is "more".
As long as you say that what you Confucianism or Mohists say is good, it sounds tempting, I believe that you will have the idiom allusion of "three days and four evenings".
As a result, most people in the world have been tricked by monkey breeders.
As a result, whether it is Confucianism, Moism, or the hundred schools of thought, they all hang the sign of serving the people, and then they do not serve the people wholeheartedly.
The result is that they successfully sell the products they are selling, Confucianism or Mohist theory or Zhuzi Hundred Schools of Thought.
So how can we not be fooled like monkeys?
In the theory of all things, Zhuangzi also gave a detailed explanation.
From "things are nothing but others, things are nothing more than others" to "heaven and earth are one finger, all things are one horse", they are all explained to us.
If we understand and understand, then we will no longer be a monkey being played by others, and we will be ourselves again. ：。
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