The first part of the Zhuangzi chapter, "Leisurely Travel", mainly talks about the realm of life, and what kind of outlook on life we need to achieve the realm of Leisurely Travel.
The second part of the inner chapter of Zhuangzi, "The Theory of Things", is mainly a continuation of the first article, which is to teach us how to improve the realm.
The second article mainly talks about theories, Taoist theories, and the sources and bases of Taoist doctrines and theories.
After reading the second "Theory of Things", I basically understood Lao Zhuang's philosophy.
Therefore, the second "Theory of Homogeneous Things" is very important.
The third chapter of the inner chapter of Zhuangzi, "The Master of Health", mainly talks about life, which is inherited from the first and second articles.
In the second chapter, Zhuangzi talks about the position of man in the universe, between heaven and earth, while in the third chapter, he talks specifically about the position of man in society.
In the third chapter, Zhuangzi believes that life is just a process of life, just to live for the sake of living, just to complete the process of life.
Therefore, living is the meaning, purpose, and task of life.
So we don't need to learn too much useless knowledge, learning how to survive is the main thing.
Survival comes first, and then from a theoretical point of view, how to survive is explained in detail.
In the third chapter, Zhuangzi mainly deconstructs society and dissolves socialization into parts, arguing that society is not a complex thing, and that society is composed of individual people.
Ku Ding understands the cow, while Zhuangzi understands social relations.
In other words, in the third part of the inner chapter of Zhuangzi, Zhuangzi mainly talks about the relationship between man and society.
And when it comes to the fourth part, "The Human World", it mainly talks about the relationship between people.
More specifically, it is about the relationship between man and king.
Because the king is the ruler of this society, he has the power to decide the life and death of the world.
So how do we manage our relationship with the king?
Hence the fourth chapter, "The Human World".
Although none of the seven articles in Zhuangzi were written by Zhuangzi himself in one go, but were sorted out by later generations, the seven articles in Zhuangzi were all aggregated by Zhuangzi's articles.
It was the great power of later generations who fully understood Zhuangzi's philosophical thoughts, and sorted them out in order to facilitate the understanding of future generations.
Let's do it again: the first chapter of Zhuangzi mainly talks about the realm of life, and life should be a leisurely trip, so that it is worthy of people.
Man is different from other things and is a higher animal with intelligence.
Therefore, people should live a happy, joyful, and leisurely life.
But the reality is not like this, and it does not make a good life for mankind.
So how can we live a good life, live a getaway life The first chapter of the Zhuangzi chapter begins with a clear meaning that life should be a "leisurely journey".
The second part of the Zhuangzi Inner Chapter, "The Theory of Things", teaches us how to improve our cognitive realm.
The third part of the inner chapter of Zhuangzi talks about life and the relationship between people and society.
And in the fourth part of the inner part, I began to talk about specific social relations.
That is, to talk specifically about the social relations at that time, the concrete reality.
The social relations explained in the third article "Health Master" are theoretical social relations, while the fourth article is about social relations from the perspective of specific social realities, and talks about the relationship between people and society.
More specifically, it is about the relationship between man and king.
To be more specific, it is about people's helplessness in this kind of social relationship.
The king's power is too strong, as a subject, as a courtier, you simply can't fight against it, you can't be fair.
So in this social environment, any action you do, any method is in vain.
The end result is: you can't be equal to the king, the king can do whatever he wants.
In fact, the fourth part of the inner chapter of Zhuangzi mainly talks about how people are helpless and powerless in front of the king, in front of the social reality of the time, and in the face of this social theoretical relationship.
But not absolutely.
If we step out of this circle and live in a different way of life, the result will be different.
In the fourth chapter of the inner chapter of Zhuangzi, three stories are used to talk about the relationship between people and kings, about the current situation of society, and about the helplessness of people, no matter what you do, you can't protect yourself.
There is no fairness in this society, because the social relations in this society are the dictatorship of the king, and there is no human rights for others.
So you can't fight.
Therefore everything you do before the king may be null and void.
The king wants you to be born before you can live, and if the king wants you to die, you must die.
The power of life and death in the world is in the hands of the king, and only the king can do whatever he wants.
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If you want to survive well, you have to change your attitude, or you have to break this social relationship, break the monarchy, that is, change the dynasty.
Of course, if Zhuangzi directly said "change the dynasty", no matter what era or dynasty, it would be banned.
In fact, Zhuangzi only told the truth as a philosopher and a wise man.
It is only a matter of time before all the systems and ruling institutions that affect the survival of the majority of people will eventually be overthrown.
The power of the ruling apparatus is strong, and there are many ignorant followers, or many people who are benefited, and the resistance of the few is powerless.
Then such a system of survival and ruling institutions will last longer, and the change of dynasty will come later.
And if the majority of people are unable to survive, and only a few can survive well, then such a survival system and ruling institutions will not last long, and the change of dynasty will soon come, and the change will be completed soon.
The first part of the fourth part of the inner chapter of Zhuangzi talks about this, talking about people's helplessness in the face of such social relations.
And the latter part teaches us that as long as we change our minds, we can live a good life.
To better illustrate, Zhuangzi cites a number of examples.
In fact, the examples listed in the second half of the "Human World" are all listed by Zhuangzi in his usual sermons, and are scattered in other chapters.
In order to facilitate the understanding of future generations, the great power of later generations integrated these scattered examples together, and constituted an independent article on "the human world".
We can see similar examples in both the outer chapters and the miscellaneous chapters.
All in all, we can summarize the following examples: survival is the first, and we must learn to use all the ways to survive.
When usefulness is conducive to survival, we become useful people.
When uselessness is conducive to survival, we might as well be a useless person.
Of course, we can't understand that we only care about survival, only care about our own survival.
If we understand it in this way, it is also biased, and it is not a comprehensive understanding of Zhuangzi's philosophy.
How to understand it, we can refer to the third part of the inner chapter of Zhuangzi, "The Lord of Health", and the second part of the inner chapter, "The Theory of Things".
How to understand survival, we must first understand what human beings are, what human beings are, why human beings live, and what human beings live for In the inner chapter of Zhuangzi, "The Theory of Things", Zhuangzi explained in detail.
Again, man, like all things, is just a species, a species that is born at the right time and dies at the wrong time.
Life is just a process of life, and we are all just here to complete the process of this life.
To be more detailed, we are here to embody life.
Because we have infancy, adolescence, adolescence, adolescence, middle age, old age.
Different periods of life have different life experiences.
We don't just live, we come to embody life.
So we strive to live, to live naturally and then to die naturally, this is a complete life.
We live for this, not blindly, and not simply for the sake of living. ：。
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