Sun Tzu's Art of War Sun Tzu said: In all methods of using military force: the whole country is the highest, and the breaking of the country is second; the whole army is the first, and the breaking of the army is second; the whole brigade is the best, and the breaking of the brigade is second; the whole army is the best, and the breaking of the soldiers is the second.
On top, Po Wu comes next. \ Therefore, the first is to attack the enemy, the second is to attack the enemy, the second is to attack the enemy, and the third is to attack the city.
The method of siege is a last resort.
Repairing the oars and equipping them with equipment takes three months to complete, and another three months to complete.
If the general cannot bear his anger and the ants attack him, killing one-third of the soldiers, but the city cannot be taken out, this attack will be a disaster.
Therefore, those who are good at using troops should subjugate the enemy's troops instead of fighting, conquer the enemy's city instead of attacking it, and destroy the enemy's country instead of lasting for a long time.
It is necessary to fight for the whole country with the whole country, so the army can be defeated without stopping.
This is the method of planning an attack.
[Keep] it, otherwise you can avoid it.
Therefore, the small enemy is strong and the big enemy can be captured.
The general is the auxiliary of the country.
If you assist the Zhou Dynasty, the country will be strong; if you assist the Zhou Dynasty, the country will be weak.
Therefore, there are three reasons why a ruler is troubled by the army: if he does not know that his army cannot retreat, then he calls it an advance; if he does not know that his army cannot retreat, but he calls it retreat, this is called an army.
If you don't know the affairs of the three armies, but if you follow the administration of the three armies, your soldiers will be confused.
If you don't know the power of the three armies, but if you share the responsibilities of the three armies, the sergeants will be suspicious.
If the three armies are confused and doubtful, then the princes will be in trouble.
This is called a chaotic army to lead to victory.
Therefore, there are five ways to know victory: He who knows what can be fought and what cannot be fought wins; He who knows how to use the many and the weak wins; He who has the same desire from above and below wins; He wins when he prepares for surprise when there is no surprise; He wins when he general is able but the ruler does not control him.
These five people know the way to victory. , You can fight a hundred battles without being in danger; if you don't know the enemy but know yourself, you will win every time; if you don't know the enemy but don't know yourself, you will be in danger in every battle.
Sun Tzu said: The method of using an army is to use a thousand chariots, a thousand leather chariots, a hundred thousand armors, and provide food for thousands of miles; then the internal and external expenses, the use of guests, the materials of glue and paint, and the support of chariots and armors cost a thousand gold per day.
Then a hundred thousand troops were raised.
It is also used in warfare.
If the victory lasts for a long time, the troops will be blunted and the strong troops will be defeated.
If the city is attacked, the strength will be weakened.
If the troops are violent for a long time, the country will be short of resources.
If a blunt soldier defeats a strong enemy, and if he uses his strength to destroy goods, then the princes will take advantage of the disadvantages and rise up.
Even if there are wise men, they will not be able to do well.
Therefore, soldiers are quick to hear clumsiness, but they do not see skill for a long time.
It is not possible to have a long-lasting army and benefit the country.
Therefore, if one does not fully understand the dangers of using troops, he cannot fully understand the advantages of using troops.
Those who make good use of soldiers will no longer be in service and will not have enough food for three years.
Take it for the country, because the food is given to the enemy, so the army can have enough food.
In the Central Plains, there is inner weakness at home.
For the expenses of the common people, seven out of ten shall be taken away; for the expenses of the public houses, six out of ten shall be taken away from the broken chariots and horses, armor, arrows and crossbows, halberds, spears and oars, oxen and carts.
Therefore, if you are wise, you will feed the enemy.
If you eat one bell of the enemy, you will be worth twenty bells of mine.
If you eat one stone of stalk, you will be worth twenty stone of me.
Therefore, those who kill the enemy are angry; those who take advantage of the enemy are goods.
Therefore, in chariot battles, when ten chariots have been obtained, reward the one who wins first, and change his flag, ride on them with mixed chariots, and cultivate them with good soldiers.
This is to say that defeating the enemy will make you stronger.
Therefore, victory is more important than long-term success.
He is the commander of the people and the master of the country's security.
Sun Tzu said: In general, the general rule of war is: to mobilize hundreds of light and heavy tanks and a hundred thousand fully armed troops, and to send food and grass thousands of miles away.
In this way, internal and external expenses, including the expenses required to receive the princes' envoys, the glue, paint and other equipment needed to repair and maintain various combat equipment, as well as the cost of supplying vehicles and armor equipment, would cost thousands of gold every day.
Then, a hundred thousand troops can be dispatched.
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If you rely on protracted battles to achieve victory, your army will be exhausted and its energy will be dampened.
Attacking a city by force will inevitably lead to a heavy loss of troops.
If the army fights abroad for a long time, the country will be short of financial resources.
When the army is exhausted, its spirit is dampened, its strength is reduced, and its goods are depleted, the princes of various countries will take advantage of this crisis to launch an attack.
By then, even the most resourceful people will not be able to save the crisis.
Therefore, in a military struggle, if I can win a quick victory, even if I am clumsy in wisdom, I will take it; but if the war is protracted, I will rather give it up if I am clumsy in command.
There has never been a situation in which a protracted war was beneficial to the country.
Therefore, those who do not fully understand the harm of using troops cannot fully understand the benefits of using troops.
Those who are good at using troops to fight will not recruit soldiers from the country again, and will not transfer food and fodder many times; after recruiting troops from the country once, they must seek supplies from the enemy.
Therefore, the army's food supply is sufficient.
There are two reasons why countries use troops to lead to poverty: First, the army goes on expeditions to the country, which requires long-distance transportation, and long-distance transportation will make the people use the roads and become increasingly poor.
The second is to be close to the garrison.
Being close to the garrison will cause prices in the military market to skyrocket, and soaring prices will deplete the military's financial resources.
When the military's financial resources are exhausted, the country will be eager to increase taxes and levies.
The military strength was wasted, and the family economy was also devastated and left empty.
More than half of the people's finances were lost; more than half of the public finances were also lost due to fatigue of chariots and horses, consumption of weapons and equipment such as armor, arrows, crossbows, halberds, shields, spears and oars, as well as the requisition of Qiu Niu and carts.
Therefore, wise generals strive to feed off the enemy.
One kilogram of grain eaten by the enemy is equivalent to twenty kilograms of grain transported from one's own country; one kilogram of fodder consumed by the enemy's grain is equivalent to twenty kilograms of grain transported from one's own country.
The reason why the tribesmen fought bravely to kill the enemy was because they had the same hatred for the enemy; the reason why they had the courage to seize the enemy's advantage was because they were rewarded with wealth and goods.
Therefore, in a chariot battle, if more than ten chariots are captured, the person who captures the chariot first will be rewarded and put on the flag of our army, and then the captured chariots will be mixed into the ranks of our army, and the captured chariots will be rewarded.
Enemies must be properly adopted and do not kill them.
This is what is called defeating the enemy and strengthening one's own strength.
Therefore, the importance of fighting a war with troops is to achieve a quick victory rather than a protracted one.
A general who is well versed in the use of troops is the master of the life and death of the people and the master of the country's security.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, princes rose up in droves to attack and kill each other, and they fought continuously year after year.
Every time a war is launched, from recruiting soldiers, training troops, mobilizing supplies, organizing transportation, to marching and setting up formations, attacking cities and plundering territory, and fighting with each other, until the war is over with corpses everywhere.
For both warring parties, whether they win or lose, or make peace, they will consume a lot of human, financial and material resources, so that it will take a long time for social stability and economic development to be restored.
Therefore, how to obtain the greatest victory with the smallest investment has become a problem that military strategists must consider.
Zi summarized long-term war experience and proposed that the military thinking of quick victory is reasonable in many situations.
On the one hand, it can reduce the consumption of people, money, and material resources in war, and on the other hand, it can prevent "the princes from taking advantage of the disadvantages."
But when people today read Sun Tzu's Art of War and Combat, they will encounter some trouble if they treat it as a universal and eternal military thought or principle.
For example, it is not applicable to weak and small nations when they oppose the invasion of powerful enemies.
They must carefully grasp the dialectical relationship between quick victory and lasting victory
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