Gu Yanwu's "nine ills" talked about the symptoms of the late Ming Dynasty, and many of the policies implemented by Zhou Shixiang in Guangdong were reforms aimed at these ills.
As Gu said, "learning cheats" is the biggest flaw of Confucian education in reality.
Confucius never talked about the numerology of the heart, only talked about the joy and trade-offs, and sometimes there were six arts, but now Cheng Zhu Lixue, but he abandoned the real and the virtual, only talked about the cappella, and did not do practical things.
Specific to the imperial examination system, it is to take scholars with eight shares.
Then the country was governed by a bunch of scholars who did not understand the world and could only know eight shares.
And for the official management, all the big and small affairs are pragmatic, these eight officials have never had practice before, how can they do things, so they have to rely on the officials, and naturally derived the "cheats of officials".
It can be said that "learning cheats" and "cheating" are causal relationships, and "cheating" arises because of "cheating".
Gu Yanwu said: "If you want to solve the problem of learning cheats, the focus is on reforming the system and changing the imperial examination system.
Abandon the eight shares, and the arithmetic, criminal law, calendar, agriculture, military affairs, engineering, etc., the state to take the scholars, the scholars who take the profession have specialization, once in office, they can be clear and organized, not afraid of being deceived by the officials, and controlled in the palm. ” Zhou Shixiang thought so, and explained in detail to Gu Yanwu the key points of the imperial examination reform implemented in Guangdong, from the children's entrance enlightenment textbooks to the compilation of textbooks in the university hall, all of which were close to practical matters.
He also mentioned that when Guangdong held the township examination, all the recruits went to the university hall to study for three years of practice before they could be dispatched.
And the initial appointment is not the chief officer, but in the capacity of "internship" in the various departments to assist in the hearing, with a period of one year, the assessment is correct, can be promoted to the chief officer.
Another example is the current "debt settlement" carried out by the prefectures in the south of the Yangtze River, not only the gentry class has been dealt a great blow, but the six houses in the prefectures and counties that have been monopolized by relying on the privileges of the gentry have almost been uprooted, and they have been replaced by officials who are completely subordinate to Zhou Shixiang, and many of them are "new officials" transferred from Guangdong, and these officials are now the main force in promoting the "construction of villages and townships" and will be the foundation of the entire imperial court in the future.
In Gu Yanwu's words, Zhou Shixiang's new imperial examination and university hall in Guangdong are like a mountain gate, if you want to compare, it is very similar to the Donglin Academy back then, but the two teach one is false, the other is real, one advocates practice, and the other advocates clear stream.
As long as the mountain gate is there, then it is foreseeable that in the future, the officials of the entire Ming Dynasty will be out of this mountain gate, and in the future, Zhou Shixiang will not be there, and these officials from the new imperial examination will also inherit everything advocated by Zhou Shixiang intact, because this is where their foundation lies.
To shake the new imperial examination is to shake themselves.
Zhou Shixiang's approach is naturally borrowed from the "civil servant" system in his previous life, and what students learn is based on the education of his previous life, Gu Yanwu is a contemporary person after all, and it is difficult to be ahead of his time no matter how extensive his knowledge is, so many of Zhou's practices and statements surprised him very much.
After thinking about it carefully, it was to the point, more thoughtful than he originally thought, and he couldn't help but be impressed by Zhou Shixiang.
In terms of fame, Zhou Shixiang was born in Xiucai, and Gu Yanwu was only a prisoner of donation, and the two of them couldn't talk about who was higher and who was lower.
In terms of ideology and academics, Zhou Shixiang is not as good as Gu Yanwu, but in terms of knowledge, he is countless times stronger.
Gu Yanwu has summed up the "nine evils" for more than ten years, but Zhou Shixiang has already started to implement them.
Although some of these methods are too tough and violent, which is a good medicine, it is also a fierce medicine, and it corrects too much.
But today, there is no need for strong medicine to do it, as Zhou Shixiang said, after the Guangdong Township Examination, many scholars in the middle of the examination do not want to enter the university hall to study, just want to be an official immediately, this can be done, for thousands of years, the imperial examination has also produced a lot of good ministers and officials, but the proportion is really small, so that they do not even have the talent of the director, it is better to reform the imperial examination, so that the middle of the examination can indeed govern the people for the country.
The waves wash the sand, and those who do not want to stay will be turned into dust, and those who remain may become gold.
Gu Yanwu believes that as long as Zhou Shixiang is there, as long as the Taiping Army is there, it won't take many years, and the reforms that he has advocated for so many years but have always been in empty talk will be realized one by one.
Gu Yanwu himself is a scholar, he is not afraid of death, but he knows very well that there are far more readers who are afraid of death in this world than those who are not afraid of death, and there are definitely more readers who are willing to accept new things for their own future than conservatives.
The cold window studied hard, just for the sake of a single dynasty, to glorify the ancestors, but not really to inherit the sages.
"Establish a heart for heaven and earth, establish a life for the people, and continue to learn for the saints", these words sound exciting, but in fact, there are a few people who really study for this grand ambition As for the "money disadvantages", Zhou Shixiang's fierce medicine is naturally the "food stamp" system.
Gu Yanwu believes that the circulation of gold and silver is mostly in the hands of merchants, and the national currency in the Han and Tang dynasties is not mainly gold and silver, but actually mainly rice and silk, so that the country is rich and strong.
In the Song Dynasty, gold and copper began to be used, and as a result, the country became weaker and weaker.
At that time, there was no metal circulation in the Qin State, but it ended up swallowing six countries, which shows that the large circulation of gold and silver is not a good thing for the country.
Now, the Ming Dynasty is also extremely short of food, but there are a lot of gold and silver, and as a result, money may not be able to buy food or what is needed.
The rebellion of the displaced people during the Chongzhen period proved the disadvantages of money.
A large amount of gold and silver was in the hands of wealthy merchants, so that the imperial court had no money to provide disaster relief, resettle the victims, and even pay military salaries.
When the money is distributed, the corrupt officials are drifting layer by layer, and there are very few in the hands of the people and soldiers.
As a result, this pitiful amount of money can't buy life-saving food, and this person has to rebel if he doesn't turn back.
It has been a few years since he came to this era, and in addition to discussing the relevant disadvantages with Song Xianggong since the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhou Shixiang has never talked to anyone like today.
He carefully explained the role of food stamps to Gu Yanwu, and after listening to it, Gu Yanwu pointed out that food stamps should not be issued alone, after all, the people do not trust this kind of paper thing very much, and if it is not done well, it will be the same as "Jiaozi".
Zhou Shixiang was busy combining the silver dollars and grain stamps issued by the Guangdong Silver Bank, and first guaranteed the value of the grain stamps in the government system, how to ensure it, how to recycle it, how to exchange it, and so on.
"Military malpractice" and "general malpractice" are also causal relationships, and the two can be simplified to "military malpractice".
In the final analysis, the key to military malpractice is the "emphasis on literature and light on military force" since the Song Dynasty, from the state to the people, all of whom regard the martial arts as servants, driven to sell their lives when there is something, and bullied them in every way when they have nothing to do.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, because the founding honoraries were still alive, the situation was better, but after the middle period, not only soldiers, but also high-grade military attachés were also discriminated against.
The officials don't have the heart to lead the troops to fight, so they naturally think about making profits, and the result is naturally to make the soldiers under them more and more like individuals.
Zhou Shi's solution to this must be to pay equal attention to civil and military, he will "non-military merits can not be awarded the title of Hou Bo, non-Hou Bo is not allowed to enter the cabinet" concept, and even planned that in the future, the government and county officials must have the corresponding military qualifications.
This does not mean that those who have passed the imperial examination and entered the university hall to study must go to the front line to fight, but let them get in touch with military affairs, know military affairs, and be able to change from civilian officials to officers, or from military officers to civilian officials at any time, so that the civil and military forces can be one family, regardless of you and me.
"Those who serve in the military can have their families reduced, and those who have made meritorious contributions can be awarded officials, promoted to knighthood, and even exempted from payment.
Free novels bring you joy and joy ---> storyskyline.net
Officers can take the imperial examination, and those who take the imperial examination can take the military preparation school, and the civil and military departments are combined.
When the people serve as soldiers, their families, fields, parents, wives and children, and the government must take care of them, so that they can have a status in the township and have convenience in going out of the township. ” "There is still a long way to go."
After all, Gu Yanwu has never led soldiers in person, and he can understand what Zhou Shixiang said, just if Uncle Hou is not allowed to enter the cabinet, I am afraid that all the scholars in the world will no longer dare to despise martial artists, but it will not be achieved overnight.
"Tax malpractice, I intend to abolish the Ding tax, implement the apportionment into the mu, and return the fire consumption to the public."
"Spread the land into the acre, and the fire will be returned to the public" Gu Yanwu's eyes lit up.
All dynasties and dynasties levied and levied land taxes, that is, poll taxes, and all those who became Ding had to pay taxes, rather than paying taxes according to their actual acres of land, which increased the burden on the peasants, and in the Ming Dynasty, where land annexation was serious, the Ding tax system was undoubtedly a major factor in the collapse of the dynasty.
Zhou Shixiang's proposal to abolish the poll tax and divide the land into mu is a tax reform based on the reality that the land is unchanged but the population is changing.
From then on, no matter how many people were added to the people's households, they would pay taxes according to the actual land they cultivated, which naturally reduced the burden on the people.
And those big landlords can no longer evade taxes, reduce taxes and not pay taxes as before.
When the magistrate collects money tax, he will collect more money and silver on the grounds of loss, which is called "consumption envy" in the Ming Dynasty.
Zhou Shixiang changed the consumption of envy to a regular tax and set a fixed amount, with the intention of cracking down on the arbitrary apportionment of local officials.
This part of the regular tax is used as the salary of foreign officials, which has a positive effect on rectifying the administration of officials and reducing corruption.
Gu Yanwu felt that these two methods were good, but reminded Zhou Shixiang that the state and county might secretly increase the amount of fire consumption in addition to the amount of fire.
The measures taken by Zhou Shi in relation to this were naturally to strengthen the supervision of officials, but how to supervise the law is a matter for the future.
Regarding the "disadvantages of the domain", Zhou Shixiangxian was unwilling to support the Zhu Ming clan with state finances, and his meaning was very simple, the clan must support itself.
Because this matter involves the specific handling of the Zhu Ming clan, Zhou Shixiang is not good to talk to Gu Yanwu deeply.
The best way to solve the "righteous evils" is to let those gentry know the disadvantages, and how to let them know is necessary to have a big discussion, and the various disadvantages since the end of the Ming Dynasty will be discussed by the gentry themselves.
He could use force, with the sword, to force the scholars to do what he wanted, but it was impossible to change their hearts.
Zhou Shixiang asked Gu Yanwu how he could reform the evils, and Gu Yanwu proposed that he would hold a public announcement in the southern capital.
Zhou Shixiang didn't quite understand what "public reveal" was, and when he was about to ask carefully, Gui Yongzhi hurriedly entered and respectfully handed a letter to Zhou Shixiang.
Zhou Shixiang greeted Gu Yanwu slightly, opened the express delivery, glanced at it a few times, changed color, and said angrily: "Wu Sangui is a traitor, dare to harm my emperor."
I'm sorry, the house is busy with renovation, otherwise it can't be installed before August, and I will have to rent the house for another year, and the economy is unbearable.
The update is a little less, too tired, mainly because I just started work today, and I have to find someone to get a lot of things, look at the materials, and set the style.
There is no money for the bones, and the money given by the mother-in-law oshow7 t1706231537: