In the early morning of May 12, 1932, in the French Chancellery, in the Palais Martingnon, the lights were lit up all night.
In the conference room, the dignitaries of Eduard Herio's government and the leaders of the French army were gathered.
The flavors of cigar smoke and coffee are mixed together and are rich to the point of choking.
The door to the conference room was suddenly pushed open, and a burst of fresh air poured in, and then a panicked secretary of the Prime Minister's Office walked quickly to the side of French Prime Minister Edouard Heriot, who had just taken office for less than two days, and handed over a copy of the telegram.
Certainly not good news Everybody thought so in their hearts.
Now that France seems to be isolated, and there is no friend willing to stand up for France, what good news can be expected?
"The Poles said: The Rhineland has belonged to Germany since ancient times, so there are not enough reasons to oppose the presence of German troops," Edward Helio read the beginning in a hoarse voice, and there was no desire to read any more.
What is the reason of "since ancient times"International politicsSpeaking of this set of international law, it has been completely nonsense since ancient times, the basis of public international law is treaties, and the treaties written in black and white, the Rhine Demilitarized Zone is stipulated in the Treaty of Versailles and the Loga Security Treaty, what since ancient times, these Poles are so disagreeable that they have completely forgotten who raised them.
"Mr.
Chancellor," said Foreign Minister Eduard Daladier, a close confidant of Eduard Herio, "the attitude of the Poles does not matter, and cooperation with the Soviet Union is the guarantee of peace."
Without the USSR, the Germans could not have done anything.
We should find a way to further woo the Soviet Union, and even make the Soviet Union a permanent member of the League of Nations. ” "But it is up to the Poles to fight the war with Germany," interjected General Maxime Weygand, vice chairman of the French Supreme Military Council and director of the army, who was close to Pilsudski, "and the Polish Confederation can increase the number of its army to 3 million in one month, and another three million in six months."
This number has even surpassed that of France" Thanks to the acquisition of right-bank Ukraine and Lithuania, the population of Poland in this time and space surpassed that of France, as much as more than 50 million, making it the third most populous country on the European continent.
Moreover, the Polish Confederation has faced pressure from both the Soviet Union and Germany since the day of its restoration.
Therefore, a very perfect mobilization system has been established, which can mobilize a large number of troops in a very short time.
In addition, public opinion in Poland, mainly the support of ethnic Poles for the war, was much greater than that of France.
As long as Pilsudski gives the order, there will be millions of hot-blooded young people on the battlefield.
"The Poles are useless," said the French Minister of War, Joseph Paul Boncourt, shaking his head, "and all of Europe knows that Lenin's will must destroy White Poland, and as long as the Poles declare war on Germany, the Soviet Union will definitely be on the side of Germany, and it is useless to win them over."
That would be 2.2 billion people against 50 million people, and the Poles would definitely lose" How could it be 2.2 billion to 50 million Maxim Weigang was stunned and stunned, isn't there still 40 million French, at least it should be 2.2 billion to 90 million.
The French Minister of War looked at Maxim Weygand and said with a wry smile: "General, I think you know very well how the 40 million French people view the war. ” No one wanted to go to war, at least not a few French wanted to go to war and fight the Germans, and since the end of the world war, war weariness had spread and intensified in France and England.
And the reaction of this sentiment in French politics is that the "Left AI" party, which advocates peace, has been in power for longer and longer, while the "Big Right AI" party, which wants to teach the Germans a lesson, has been on power for a shorter and shorter time.
In the decade of the 20s, the national group of the right AI has been in power for a total of 6 years, which looks quite beautiful.
In the 30s, the Democratic Alliance, which belonged to the Right AI, was reorganized from the national bloc and was only in power for 14 months.
For the rest of the time, the left AI controlled the regime, either the Left Yi coalition or the Popular Front, but in fact, it was a change of signboard, and it was all composed of a group of white-left parties.
Later, what was said in some history books about the right AI engaging in appeasement and conniving at Germany's anti-Soviet Union Yunyun was actually a lie.
Throughout the 30s, French politics was largely dominated by a group of peace-loving socialists.
These left-wing AIs did not want to oppose either Germany or the Soviet Union.
Their foreign policy, in the final analysis, is one sentence: they really don't want to fight And this kind of foreign policy is also the reason why these white-left parties were able to hold power for a long time in the 30s, and the French who did not want to fight voted for the French government that did not want to fight, and then "all kinds of policies that do not want to fight" took turns.
Therefore, whether the French were trying to win over the Soviet Union in the 30s, appeased Germany, or spent huge sums of money to repair the useless Maginot Line, they were all trying not to fight.
The British, on the other side of the English Channel, had similar choices to war as the French.
The same reluctance to fight, and whether it is the Left AI Workers' Party or the Right AI Conservative Party, the opinion on this issue is basically the same, the only exception is probably Churchill.
In the early 30s, though, he didn't have much political influence.
"Mr.
Prime Minister, Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini called and asked about our attitude to the events in the Rhineland."
In the conference room at 10 Downing Street, Foreign Secretary John Simon has just informed of an incoming call from Italy.
Mussolini is now quite "well-behaved", he is now planning to invade Ethiopia, so he actively seeks the support of Britain and France, and tries to be as consistent with Britain and France as possible in formulating foreign policy.
But being consistent diplomatically did not mean sending troops to fight Germany.
That is Germany, which is as powerful as a god in war, and the Italian leader must have the courage to do so, and now he has already rolled up his sleeves and invaded Ethiopia, where he still needs to see the faces of Britain and France "Our Attitude" Perhaps because he was tired or depressed, because the prime minister was very depressed, MacDonald's face was ugly, and he just snorted twice: "We don't have so many pounds for the Italians to send troops against Germany, so we don't bother the Italians." ” "Yes, the fiscal situation is very bad," said Neville Chamberlain, Chancellor of the Exchequer, agreeing with MacDonald, "and the present fiscal situation simply does not allow Britain to be plunged into another war, which would be the end of the British Empire."
Moreover, the current situation on the European continent is in fact in line with the European balance of power policy that the British Empire has always practiced. ” The Labour Party in Britain was anti-war because it was "progressive".
The Conservative Party, on the other hand, is anti-war because of "conservatism", and Britain's continental policy has always been a balance of power.
The recent changes in Europe seem to the Conservatives to be moving towards achieving a balance of power rather than breaking it.
Of course, the British electorate now also hates the war because of the last world war, they were the victors, but they did not see any "war dividends", the country fell into a debt crisis, and they themselves became poorer and poorer.
Chamberlain continued: "Germany's current Chancellor, Adolf Hitler, is clearly Anglophilic, and he is moving Germany away from the Soviet Union, which is conducive to maintaining the balance of power in Europe.
We have no reason to fight him. ” Compared to the German advance into the Rhineland, what really worried Neville Chamberlain was the Soviet-German alliance.
The close relationship between the Soviet Union and Germany is obvious to all in Europe, and the growing strength of the two countries is also felt by everyone.
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If you count the Baltic Republics, Germany now has a population of 70 million, second only to the United States in terms of industrial power, and ranks second in the world.
The Soviet Union, on the other hand, had a population of 1.4 billion to 1.5 billion people, and according to Soviet government propaganda, the Soviet Union was now the third largest industrial country in the world, surpassing Britain Once the Soviet-German alliance was formed, Britain would have to face a military bloc with a population equivalent to two United States and an industrial strength equal to 15 American States.
And the United States itself, now holding high the banner of isolationism, looks as far away from Europe as possible.
"If we remain silent on the Rhineland, there is a good chance that Germany will continue to stay away from the Soviet Union."
Viscount John Simon said to the Prime Minister.
"Because the French recently signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, they would also support the Soviet Union's entry into the League of Nations, and Soviet Foreign Minister Livinov recently put forward a concept of collective security."
"Collective security" McDonald asked, "what does this mean" "The USSR wanted to create a European collective security mechanism in which in the event of an attack on any country should automatically provide military assistance to the attacked party."
"We cannot participate in such a mechanism," MacDonald said immediately, "which is not in keeping with the national policy of the British Empire." ” "But this mechanism could contain Germany," Mr.
Chamberlain said, "and it was actually used to contain Germany, which would allow Soviet-German relations to deteriorate rapidly in the coming years." ” He leaned back in his chair and showed a very relaxed and happy expression, "As long as the Soviet Union and Germany are separated, there will be nothing to worry about in Europe." ” MacDonald had understood what Chamberlain meant, and the Conservatives were now reluctant to get too involved in the conflict on the continent.
And he, the prime minister, must follow the baton of the Conservative Party, and now there is a very interesting "puppet prime minister" in British politics, which is this MacDonald.
His Labour Party suffered a massive defeat in the last election, and he himself was condemned for his policy mistakes and quit the Labour Party to form the National Labour Party.
However, the Conservative Party, which won the general election, supported him, the leader of the small party, to remain prime minister.
However, the power was in the hands of Neville, Chamberlain and John Simon, two well-known "appeasementist" politicians of the Conservative Party. t1706231537: