On April 30, 1937, just three days after bombers belonging to the German Condor Regiment bombed the small Spanish city of Guernica.
An old friend of the Soviet people, a good friend of Comrade Lenin, a close friend of Comrade Stalin, General Ludwig von Heinsberg Hersmann, visited Moscow.
He arrived on a Junkers JU90 aircraft, a passenger version of the JU89 that was very comfortable and smooth.
When he stepped off the plane, two Soviet children wearing red scarves presented flowers to him and Chloe.
Another of his "friends", Marshal Tukhachevsky, who was likely to be shot in a little more than a month, then stepped forward to shake hands with Hersman and hugged him.
Neither mentioned the "inhumane" bombing, as if it had never happened.
"Welcome, Your Excellency," Tukhachevsky said in fluent German.
"You're marshal, Mikhalil Nikolayevich, congratulations," Hersman replied in fluent Russian.
In November 1935, the Soviet Union introduced a military rank system, and Tukhachevsky became one of the first marshals of the Soviet Union, and also served as First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense and Minister of Military Training.
"It's been a long time coming, it's too late for you to congratulate now."
Tukhachevsky half-jokingly said, "Ludwig, you are still a marquis, and I am not as good as you in this regard." ” This sentence will become a crime in a little more than a month of trying to restore the reactionary rule of the tsarists in the Soviet Union "It's just a name, and there's not much annuity to take," Hersman shrugged indifferently, and then pointed to his wife, "but she likes to be a marquise, and I actually became a royalist for her." ” "Ludwig, you're kidding me again."
Chloe glared at her husband, and then went to shake hands and hug Tukhachevsky's wife, Nina Tukhachevska.
Hersman only glanced at the beautiful woman with sympathy, and she certainly wouldn't have survived after her husband had been shot As for the possibility that Tukhachevsky will not die by chance.
Hersman felt that it was very slim.
Although he did not order the intelligence services to frame Tukhachevsky, Hersmann knew very well that the historical Stalin would not have believed that Tukhachevsky was a German spy.
A person of Tukhachevsky's status had everything in the Soviet Union, and how brain-dead it would be to be a German spy was just a need for a power struggle within the Soviet Union "Michal Il Nikolayevich.
The general outline of your plan for an attack on Poland has been brought.
"After the pleasantries, Hersmann got down to business, beckoning from his new lieutenant, Lieutenant Colonel Hans Spaidar, who had just been transferred back to the General Staff from the post of French military attaché," Hans.
Give the document to Comrade Marshal. ” It is impossible to bring all the text of the black scheme, and it is not necessary.
All the Soviets wanted to know was a rough idea, when to fight, from where to attack, what tactics to adopt, and, of course, how to deal with the aftermath, which needed to be resolved through negotiations between the Soviet Union and Germany.
"Why didn't mechanized troops carry out a large-depth assault, didn't you do that in that exercise in 1935?"
The next day, when Hesman met Tukhachevsky again at the People's Commissariat of Defense at 19 Znamenka Avenue in Moscow, he suddenly asked this question.
"Why not mechanized warfare" He asked this in Russian, because there were three other marshals of the Soviet Union who did not know German, Marshal Alexander Ilyich Yegorov, who looked very strong.
He was Chief of the General Staff of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army; Marshal Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny, who had a Cossack beard and did not look very smart, was now the Deputy People's Commissar of Defense, in charge of cavalry work; The last one with a "Hitlerian" mustache, which looked somewhat sluggish, was none other than the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR Krementyevlevich Voroshilov.
According to Hesman's information, the four Soviet marshals were actually divided into two factions.
Tukhachevsky and Egorov were so-called "military experts", officers of the former Tsarist Russia, who joined the Bolshevik Party after the August Revolution.
And Budyonny was born as the "chairman of the soldiers' council".
He was a veteran before he joined the revolution.
Voroshirov, on the other hand, was a professional revolutionary born as a child laborer, and after the February Revolution he entered the military as a representative of the Soviet Engineer and a local leader of the Bolshevik Party.
Later, the self-taught Voroshilov and the equally self-taught Stalin fought together in Tsaritsyn, because they both hated "military experts", so they groped for blind commands themselves.
It also won, but it lost 60,000 people.
As a result, he was criticized by Lenin at the Eighth Congress of the Bolsheviks, Stalin was transferred back to the Central Committee, and Voroshilovk was sent to the post of army commander to Ukraine, and as a result, he became a political commissar in Ukraine and worked with Budyonny, the commander of the First Cavalry Army.
Then he and Budyonny became iron buddies again.
Through his connections, Budyonny and the members of the First Cavalry Army were Zhukov, Timoshenko, and Rokossovsky, all of whom were soldiers and had never entered the Tsar's military academy, and Comrade Stalin hated the people who came out of the Tsar's military academy the most, and so on, all became Comrade Stalin's military team.
Both Tukhachevsky and Egorov were born as "military experts", and these "military experts" were highly valued by Trotsky during the Russian Civil War.
Therefore, the purge of the Soviet Red Army can also be seen as Stalin's purge of "military experts" and "suspected Trotskyists" from the former tsarist army.
After the growth of a large number of reliable young officers who entered military academies after the end of the Civil War, it is understandable that Stalin purged some unreliable "old men".
As for how much the purge damaged the combat effectiveness of the Soviet Red Army, in Hersman's view, the main problem was that the German army was too capable of fighting, as if it had been opened.
France and Poland, which had not undergone a Great Purge, would not be able to withstand the British when they encountered Germany, and if there was not a strait to block them, 40 or 41 years would have almost come to an end.
If Tukhachevsky and Egorov had commanded the Red Army, which had not undergone a great purge, to trample on Poland, France and Britain, it would have been impossible to sweep away, just look at the Zhang Gufeng incident in late July and early August 1938 in history, and the Far Eastern Front commanded by Blyukherd had a hard time fighting the Japanese Kwantung Army.
"Because we don't have enough national strength to mechanize the entire army."
Hersman greeted several Soviet marshals, and then everyone sat down at a conference table covered with a green woolen tablecloth and began to discuss the black scheme.
"The entire army must be mechanized," Egorov shook his head, "according to the French military theorist Charles de Gaulle, a small number of mechanized troops as sharp knives are enough to tear through the enemy's defenses." ” "That's the experience of the First World War," Hirschman said, "and if you meet the army of the First World War, you can succeed."
But we are now dealing with partially mechanized infantry, and even the poorly equipped Polish army, which has several hundred tanks and a much larger number of armored vehicles.
Anti-tank guns.
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This is tantamount to mechanizing and armouring anti-tank fire, and if we had anti-tank firepower that could move quickly in the last world war, the Entente tanks would have been destroyed by us in large numbers.
After the Iron Fist 1935 exercises, we also conducted a number of confrontation exercises between armored divisions and infantry divisions equipped with mechanized anti-tank firepower, and the results were all disastrous victories.
In our opinion, an infantry division capable of having dozens of self-propelled anti-tank guns that can move quickly will be enough to block the surprise attack of the armored division in a preset position. ” Hersmann was not entirely fooling the Soviets either, in fact the Wehrmacht had been conducting similar exercises for the past two years.
Moreover, a motorized rifle division equipped with a type 1 assault gun battalion can indeed cripple an armored division.
Unless the attacking armored division can be supported by a strong tactical air force.
Compared with the ju89 and do19 that were used to scare people, the ju87 dive bomber, the HS123 attack aircraft and the ju88 medium bomber under development were the key to Germany's sweep of Poland and France.
Tukhachevsky and Egorov glanced at each other, both nodded slightly, and the Soviet Red Army actually conducted similar exercises.
It is also difficult to prove that the concentrated tank forces will be able to defeat an infantry division equipped with a small number of tanks and a large number of anti-tank weapons.
Unless the attacking side has a great advantage in tank performance, or has an overwhelming air superiority Moreover, the Red Army of the USSR has recently also noticed that they may have some problems with the seizure of air supremacy.
This was the alarm bell that the Spanish Civil War sounded for them, and the Germans' BF109, Fokker D31, and even the old Fokker D21 all had an overwhelming advantage over the Soviet Union's I-15 series and I-16 series in terms of performance.
Without air superiority, the Soviet tank forces are likely to be attacked from the air, and even an old-fashioned aircraft like the HS123, which made its first flight at the end of the 20s, can still pose a major threat to the Soviet ground forces.
Therefore, after the defeat of White Poland, the Soviet Union must be quite wary of Germany t1706231537: