On August 10, 1943, in Mumbai, the most developed commercial city of the British Indian Empire, No. 19 Laburamu Road, surrounded by high-end residential buildings, was already crowded with people at this time.
Braving the scorching sun of August in India, all of them are wearing ugly homespun clothes and slippers, and it is not necessarily a poor Ahsan who wears like this in India at this time, but many families are particularly wealthy, and the special Brahmins, who have been wide for thousands of years, are now dressed like this, because homespun slippers symbolize non-violent non-cooperation The Ah San, who are gathered around 19 Rabramu Road today, are of course advocates of non-violent non-cooperation.
And the reason they gathered here was to go to prison to accompany their great leader, Mahatma Gandhi, to prison Mahatma Gandhi was released in May by order of Governor Mountbatten of India, when Gandhi agreed to discuss "Indian autonomy" with the British.
In other words, he recognized Queen Elizabeth as the Empress of India, and no longer shouted the slogan "Britain get out" and did not dare to shout, because German Field Marshal Halder led a German expeditionary force of more than 100,000 people to India.
That's the legendary Nazi who kills people without blinking, and Mahatma Gandhi's way of dealing with soft-hearted Britons is okay, not looking for death against the Nazis Moreover, Mahatma Gandhi heard in the prison that the newly appointed Queen of England was very fierce, and she was nicknamed "Queen of Blood", and brutally suppressed the British Bolsheviks in London, killing a river of blood, and the captured British Bolsheviks were pulled to Buckingham Palace Square and shelled As a result, Congress leaders such as Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru decided to back down for a while, seeking autonomy first and then independence.
But in August, things changed.
First of all, it was the Congress Party who figured out the truth about the "London Rebellion", Queen Elizabeth was not so fierce, the shelling of Buckingham Palace Square was completely false, and the suppression of the British Bolshevik Party was not cruel.
Secondly, it was the Congress party that found that there were not many German troops marching into India, estimated to be less than 100,000.
Half of them have not yet entered the subcontinent, but have settled in Ceylon, the Andaman Islands, the Maldives Islands, etc.
And the rest of the German troops who actually entered the South Asian subcontinent did not look very fierce, they were strictly disciplined, and they did not commit any crimes against the Indian region, and they seemed to be more reasonable than the original British army.
However, it was the emergence of the People's Republic of India that really prompted Mahatma Gandhi and Nehru to raise the banner of struggle again The so-called People's Republic of India is actually an Indian state supported by the Soviet Union and with the Indian Bolshevik Party as the main ruling party.
The country is nominally independent and is the country of the Indian people themselves Its appearance, which seemed to realize the ideal of the Indian people to be the masters of the country, put great pressure on the National Congress Party, which had been fighting for independence and freedom in India all along.
If the Indian National Congress Party continues to cooperate with the British, it will lose the politically correct banner of India's independence.
Without this banner, Gandhi or something would just be a bad old man who would only go on a hunger strike in protest.
So Gandhi and Nehru had to re-raise the banner of Indian independence in July '43 and declare non-violent non-cooperation throughout India.
The move was immediately met with strong opposition from the British Indian authorities, and from 1 August, Sikh police loyal to the British appeared in the rules of the political game in India around 19 Rabramu Road, a precursor to the arrest of Mahatma Gandhi.
The Congress Party also immediately launched a rebellion with Indian characteristics, not to launch an armed uprising, nor to arrange for Mahatma Gandhi to flee, but to call on supporters to accompany Gandhi to prison, probably in order to mobilize tens of thousands or more supporters to eat the prison meals of the British Indian authorities, and to bankrupt the British.
So from August 2, tens of thousands of Congress supporters gathered around 19 Rue la Bulamo, with their prison luggage, ready to accompany Gandhi to prison dinner.
At the same time, major Indian cities such as Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata were paralyzed, with workers on strike, businessmen on strike, and students on strike.
Even the Hindu officers and soldiers in the Anglo-Indian army were in turmoil, and the situation in India's "British-controlled areas" suddenly became tense again.
"Ludwig, the situation in India is very bad right now, like a big powder keg that can be detonated at any moment."
Reporting to Hersmann on the situation in India was Field Marshal Franzharde, commander of the Indian front, who had been ordered to return to Berlin to report on his duties.
He left Delhi on August 3, visited the crowded Laburamu Road in Mumbai on August 4, and arrived in Tsosen, on the outskirts of Berlin, on August 5.
"Can it be suppressed?"
asked Hersman, sitting behind his desk, flipping through the materials Halder had brought with him.
Among the materials he was looking at were scenes of chaotic demonstrations and protests, as well as some of the former Indian National Army units.
The Indian National Army had been raised by the Germans themselves, and had been going to be sent to India to trouble the British.
However, I did not expect that the plan could not catch up with the changes, and India was now a common trouble for Germany and Britain, although these national armies were now incorporated into the Anglo-Indian army, but they retained the original structure below the regimental level, and were not under the control of British officers, which was very dangerous.
"Whom to suppress" Halder does not seem to understand Hersmann's question.
"Is it the National Army?"
"Indian National Congress" Hersman said, "Can Gandhi and Nehru be arrested and executed?"
Artillery execution is a unique way of killing people in India, that is, tying people to the muzzle of a cannon, and then firing a cannon to destroy people was the first method of the Mughal Dynasty, and later it was learned by the British colonists who were good at following the local customs, and in the Indian uprising of 1857 to 1859, the British executed many Indian rebels by shelling.
In the Punjab Rebellion of 1871-1872, another 66 Sikhs were shelled.
However, after the Amritsar massacre, which was caused by non-violent activities, the British colonists gradually became weaker and did not dare to use artillery to kill on a large scale.
Moreover, in the aftermath of the Amritsar massacre, the non-violent non-cooperation movement emerged, and the movement against British colonial rule became the growing ground in India.
The British rulers also became weaker and weaker, and did not dare to take decisive measures to suppress them.
Hersmann, who has knowledge of later history, knew very well that British colonial rule in India, nor could the European Community's colonial rule in Africa be maintained by compromise Cruelty is a must "Shoot Gandhi," Halder said, looking at Hersman, "I'm afraid it's going to make a bigger mess, that's the opinion of the British."
Because Gandhi had countless supporters, he was the leader of the moderate wing of the Indian independence movement.
The British believed that it was still possible for the Gandhi and the National Congress Party, which he represented, to cooperate.
If we exterminate them, we will face hundreds of millions of angry Indians" Is it really scary to have hundreds of millions of angry Indians Hersman smiled contemptuously and said, "There are simply not hundreds of millions of creatures in India that can be called human, there are only a maximum of 20 million people there, and the rest are unworthy pariahs." ” Halder, who had been in India for a few months, already knew some of the strict hierarchies in India, and he nodded and said, "Ludwig, you are right.
The 20 million superior Indians did not treat the inferior people there as human beings at all, but the inferior people there were instigated by the superior people and became cannon fodder against us. ” "That's the best thing about Mahatma Gandhi," Hessman chimed in.
Hersman had already spent a great deal of time studying India, and he was essentially a "revolutionary expert" himself, so he was able to uncover something deep.
Before the rise of the non-violent non-cooperation movement, there were a series of revolts in India, but the participation was not widespread, mainly among the upper echelons of India.
The main force of the uprising in 1857 and 1859 was the princely princes and the native soldiers of the high castes, and the Punjab rebellion of 1871 was mainly provoked by the remnants of the Sikh dynasty.
Gandhi, on the other hand, used the non-violent non-cooperation movement to turn the revolt into a national movement.
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Because "non-violent activities" have greatly lowered the threshold for rebellion, the national conditions of Greater India determine that serious rebellion activities are not for everyone to participate in.
In India, everything must be planted, and if you don't plant well, you can only be oppressed obediently, and if you serve the good people for generations, how can you rebel and serious violent rebellion is to organize an army, and if you want to organize an army, someone must be a soldier.
And being a soldier is a job that can only be done by Kshatriya, and according to Hindu standards, the majority of untouchables are not allowed to join the Indian rebel army at all, and only those who meet the requirements of the caste can join the army.
How many people can beat imperialism In addition, the revolution cannot be done in vain with the head on the belt of the trousers, and there must be a reward after the victory of the revolution, at least the land and the change of caste, and all those who participate in the revolution must be mentioned to Kshatriya After this revolution, India has to produce more Kshatriyas And if the rebellion can create the Kshatriya caste, then can there still be a peaceful day in Greater India?
Now Gandhi and Nehru can incite the untouchables to rebel against the British Empire, and in the future, others will not be able to "have a kind of call for Brahmins and Kshatriinim".
Therefore, the root cause of the non-violent non-cooperation movement is not at all Comrade Gandhi's high spirits, nor is it that Mahatma Gandhi is too weak, but that the national conditions of Greater India are determined.
Only by non-violent and non-cooperative can people of all classes and castes in India be united to make trouble with the British colonialists.
If Gandhi had given up non-violence and fought imperialism, Indian society would inevitably be divided t1706231537: