When a nation falls into the abyss, the moment when it gets up again is the most likely to produce national awakening.
However, in order to produce a national awakening and become strong again, it is necessary to have the most basic foundation, that is, to have a culture with its own national characteristics.
Every nation has its own culture, but the culture is also hierarchical.
"As far as the minister knows, there is a civilization in the West called Greece, which is the most powerful country in Europa" Huan Wen knew that Greece was not unusual, and he even made a very detailed understanding: "It is rumored that Western civilization is out of Greece." ” Of course, Liu Yan also knows Greece, but how much he knows about it is not true.
As Huan Wen said, Greece is indeed the cradle of Western civilization, and it can even be said that Greek civilization is still the highest level of existence in the West, the difference is that the Greeks have declined, and the Romans are at the peak of the civilization level created by the Greeks from generation to generation.
The Greeks achieved great things in many ways, and if you are serious about it, they studied astronomy more than a thousand years before Zhuxia, and at the same time gave birth to thinkers and philosophers earlier.
As for which Greek civilization or Zhuxia civilization created writing earlier, it is really a bit difficult to say, and there are too many things to argue.
"There is another civilization called Egypt."
Huan Wen had already ignored a group of colleagues who had become more and more gunpowder: "According to legend, it has existed more than 5,000 years ago, and it has been brilliant for thousands of years, and it was finally conquered by the Great Qin people. ” There is a point of view in the historiography circles that ancient Egypt had created writing as early as 5,000 BC, so whether the historiography admits that there was a Xia Dynasty on the Zhuxia side, the first nation in the world to have a written language is Egypt.
Huan Wen began to tell some rumors that he didn't know if they were true, and found that Liu Yan listened very attentively and spoke very energetically.
Liu Yan was really listening carefully, and he wanted to know what was the difference between what Huan Wen said and his own understanding.
At first glance, there are really many differences, such as the lack of some achievements of the Mesopotamian civilization, or the fact that the achievements of some civilizations have been transferred to another civilization.
The so-called Mesopotamian civilization was the civilization that arose from the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, and the most glorious civilization was a civilization created by the Sumerians.
The Sumerian civilization made astonishing achievements around 3,200 B.C., and later archaeologists found that when most peoples were still primitive peoples, they had 39 "world's best" achievements.
Liu Yan waited for Huan Wen to stop and asked, "Has Yuanzi ever heard of a civilization called Babylon?"
"It is the western part of Persia today, the one who lost the country and the people a long time ago" Huan Wen really knew, and said with a relatively uncertain attitude: "I heard that the Babylonian Empire was very powerful, and created the Hanging Garden, but the Hanging Garden was destroyed in the hands of a country called Assyria" Liu Yan was a little surprised by Huan Wen's extensive knowledge.
"I heard that the Babylonians also built a building called the Tower of Babel."
Since Huan Wen was curious about Babylon, it became normal to know that the Tower of Babel: "They wanted to build a tower that could reach the sky, and I heard that it was destroyed by the flood before it was completed. ” Huan Wen's understanding of Babylon is that a civilization that has developed to a very high level of architecture will never be able to build a hanging garden, and at the same time, it does not have the confidence to build a tower that can reach the sky.
"The Babylonians did not exterminate their race, and the Iraqis considered themselves to be the descendants of Babylon."
Liu Yan thought of Lao Sa, a man who constantly vowed to restore the height of Babylonian civilization: "They became a member of the Persian rule first, and then they were ruled by the Great Qin people.
Now we are seeking the independence of one people, one tribe, one independence. ” "I thought that if there were no accidents, Greece, Iraq, and Egypt would be on their own again."
Huan Wen saw that Liu Yan was waiting for an explanation, so he said: "Their ancestors all created writing, and writing carries ideology and culture.
A nation with its own past and heritage, even if it is a temporary sinking, as long as there are still people who have not forgotten it, it will surely be able to revive again. ” Liu Yan admits this, but there is a pre-emptive key, that is, the nation must first have heroes who have not been forgotten, and then there are thinkers who have been born.
The hero of a nation is an encouragement to boost the courage of future generations.
If more thinkers are born in the nation, then the culture will inevitably become richer again and again with the increase of thinkers, and the traces will be more difficult to erase.
With the core values, the ideology is basically shaped, and then it depends on how many heroes the nation has had, and what kind of deeds those heroes are considered heroes.
Fighting against alien invasions, doing what was considered extraordinarily meaningful, and someone became a national hero.
Usually, when there are many such heroes, it will be a conservative nation.
If we continue to open up outwards and there are heroes who command the army to destroy the country and destroy the nation, the nation will tend to be offensive.
The only thing that can be confirmed is that only the nation that can give birth to heroes is qualified to stand tall among the nations of the world, and the more they respect their heroes, the higher the centripetal force of the nation will be.
In the same way, once a certain nation no longer respects its heroes, no matter how powerful the nation is at that time, as long as it encounters a challenge, even if the challenger is weaker than its own side in strength, the challenger can still win, and stand on the head of the nation that does not respect its heroes, and pee.
It is always said that there will be demons when the country is about to die, which generally refers to the characters who can turn the tide, and have been repeatedly troubled and even killed by the so-called "own people".
This is the best embodiment of disrespecting their own heroes, and many Central Plains dynasties actually died in their own hands.
If Liu Yan hadn't appeared, the Central Plains would have been a playground for Hulu for 265 years.
The time of the fall is too long, even if the Han people have any glory, along with the long-term humiliation and suppression, generation after generation is afraid that they are used to becoming second-class or even trillion-class, and even if they know that their ancestors have been extremely glorious, they will not feel how honored, but how glorious their ancestors have been, they will have equal resentment.
From the chaos of Wuhu to the fall of the Central Plains several times, if you consult the history books, you will find that those people north of the Yangtze River are more and more accustomed to being ruled by foreign races, and they are also willing to serve the foreign race, and will often act as the vanguard of the southern expedition, killing their own people is far more ruthless than the foreign race.
In fact, once they are ruled by a foreign race, those who accept the status quo will no longer regard the southerners as their own, whether it is to draw a clear line or to curry favor with their masters, they will no longer regard those southerners as their own race.
Normally, those people in the occupied areas are instead responsible for how much humiliation and humiliation they have suffered in the north, and counting the humiliation and humiliation on the heads of those in the south is probably a manifestation of "Lao Tzu is so unfortunate, you still want to be better" and so on.
In such a matter as culture, in fact, there is a distinction whenever and where, the north of the Yangtze River has its own distinctive cultural characteristics, and the south of the Yangtze River also has very easy to distinguish characteristics.
Looking at the poems and works that have been handed down in history, the north must be dominated by Jin Ge Iron Horse and heroic, and the south is dominated by scenery and human feelings, accounting for the vast majority.
Of course, it is related to the living environment, the north has been under the threat of aliens for a long time, but the south can only participate in the national war when it is time to lose the country.
But don't think that the southern folk customs are really weak, in fact, to say that the repeated foreign invasions where the resistance is the most resolute, check the history books can find that although the southerners are relatively weak, but in fact they are not cowardly at all.
It is not that the south is without talents, but compared with the north, the factors of geographical environment and social environment will make the probability of talents appearing in the south lower.
The small court of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has long been under pressure from the north, and although the so-called elite class is largely rotten, there are still some figures who are destined to shine.
There are many people in the Han Empire who can be called famous generals, and Huan Wen and Xie An are the two famous generals of the land war.
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If you count the navy, the number will be even higher, and the representative figures are Li Mai and Wang Gong.
Liu Yan has always believed that human growth is related to the environment, not that a person's fate has been determined from the moment he is born, only animals are born out of the mother's womb, and there is no variability in the trajectory of fate.
Carnivores will always eat only meat, herbivores will only eat plants, and omnivores will eat everything, but they will never wonder why they don't wear a piece of clothing.
As human beings who have wisdom and can rely on learning, what kind of destiny they have is only related to how much knowledge they have, or how can there be a saying that "knowledge changes fate".
Current intellectuals are generally referred to as scholars.
The reason why the title "scholar" is used is, to put it bluntly, there is no certain asset, or even if you can have the opportunity to learn knowledge, there is not enough wealth as support, and it is a luxury to want to learn knowledge.
The class of the "scholars" is the "scholars".
In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the nobles had another name called the aristocracy, and no matter how poor the nobles were, they must be richer than ordinary people.
Liu Yan was not surprised at all that Huan Wen took the initiative to understand the world.
Huan Wen is the person who commanded the army to cross the sea to destroy the country, and among the many generals, he went the farthest, and he was definitely exposed to many more new things than others.
If he hadn't been curious about the outside world, Liu Yan should have wondered if he was going to embark on a journey to conquer the World Island.
"Motoko."
Liu Yan kept moving around, and the ministers who followed him were only Huan Wen and Xie An, and the rest stayed over there to continue to watch the excitement.
He walked to the periphery and asked, "I asked you, I found that there are so many kingdoms besides the Great Han, do you have any ideas?"
"Naturally, the minister has ideas."
Huan Wen's eyes at this moment were full of ideals: "The world is far bigger than the minister's imagination.
The minister knew that this was the true face of the world, and he was drunk that night. ” Xie An interjected: "The minister is the same as Yuanzi, and he got drunk after knowing it. ” Even if they didn't say the latter words, Liu Yan would probably be able to understand them.
"You are happy, but some are afraid."
Liu Yan is talking about those who don't want to see the country go to war at every turn.
He looked at the unusually lively square, stretched out his hand to catch the snowflakes falling from the sky, glanced at the children who were following him, and said slowly: "Since the ninth year of Yuan Shuo, there have been foreigners coming from thousands of miles away, but some people are always living in their own world, unwilling to open their eyes to see the world. ” Huan Wen and Xie An must have understood what Liu Yan was expressing.
Look at the so-called scholars in the square who debated fiercely.
Listen to what those scholars are talking about, and at least nine out of ten people will say "so-and-so" at every turn.
Of the nine people who have been talking about "who says so-and-so", at least five of them don't know what "say" is, and they know how to use the "say" of a certain sage to refute the "say" of another sage according to the routine.
"Huh."
Huan Wen didn't look down on the so-called scholars who died studying, and said: "In the opinion of the ministers, most of them have become invalids. is a literate soldier in the army, and his plasticity is higher than theirs. ” That's what Liu Yan was depressed about Those so-called elites are not as good as the non-commissioned officers who are trained by surprise in the army The elite of a nation does not know anything except being a repeater, and does not even have the ability to do it himself, such a nation is brilliant for a while, and how brilliant it is, it will encounter the same tragedy, and when it comes to resistance, those so-called elites will only bury their heads in the ground and pout their buttocks high.
There is no exaggeration, Liu Yan has discovered the current real situation, if you want to say that it is similar to any period in history, it is probably similar to the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the end of the Ming Dynasty.
"I have at least some hope."
Liu Yan is talking about the soldiers in the army: "They don't know how to write poems and fu, they only know the words they use every day, but at least they don't have a full head." ” Huan Wen and Xie An glanced at each other quietly, and the two had their own thoughts after looking at each other.
"I mentioned the imperial examination" Liu Yan is no longer in a dialogue, and it is easier to make thinking have a follow-up: "Then what is the imperial examination."
The examination of the Four Books and the Five Classics is a reincarnation of history.
Don't take the Four Books and Five Classics, let them answer anything. ” Huan Wen and Xie An were more acquainted, but they just followed silently without talking.
"If you don't take the Four Books and Five Classics, and take the exam of things and mathematics, you can imagine that those who read should go crazy."
Liu Yan suddenly stopped, faced the two people behind him, and asked, "Is it appropriate to ask for strategy, gewu, mathematics, and geography?"
Huan Wen saluted and said, "You are the Ninety-Five Supreme. ” Xie An hesitated, he knew that once he did that, he would abandon people of at least one era, and if he really did that, something would definitely happen: