March 18, 1916, 2757 AD, Hanking City.
In the southern suburbs of Hanking City, near Xiangyang, there is a security area covering thousands of acres.
There is a Type B battalion that serves as a guard.
The security is very tight.
This is the location of the 36th Branch of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
The 36th Institute of Engineering focuses on the research of computers, artificial intelligence and robots, and is divided into eight institutes: one computer main institute, two computer peripheral institutes, three artificial intelligence institutes, four robotics institutes and five software institutes.
Today, the 36th Branch received an inspection from Wen Desi, President of China and Chairman of the Chinese Science and Socialist Party.
This is because they have made new breakthroughs in the development of computers.
At this time, in the conference room of the Central Experimental Building, Wen Desi held a transparent card the size of a playing card and looked at it from side to side.
The card has extremely complex lines and dots that look like a maze.
He looked at it for a while and asked: "This is our first generation integrated circuit processor."
Feng Yuanzheng, the dean of the branch, quickly replied: "Yes, Mr.
Wen.
This is our first practical integrated circuit central processor.
After four years of struggle, the Computer Research Institute of our branch finally developed several models along the way.
Successfully integrated the first 8-bit integrated circuit central processor that can be used in practical applications.
The address line can address 64k memory and uses the dynamic random access memory dra chip memory chip also made of integrated circuits to work.
Frequency is 0.hz.
With that said, he took out a document and handed it to Wen Desi.
Wen Desi carefully browsed through the experimental record data in the document, and finally made a decision: "Well, good, then let's start the final production of this central processor."
Based on those experimental record data, Wen Desi estimated that its overall computing power is approximately similar to that of TE's c8008 eight-bit processor in the original space and time, but its memory addressing capability reaches the level of c8080.
However, the computing performance is only similar, and the size difference is huge.
The 8008 produced by e is only about the size of a thumb.
The processor produced by the 36th Branch is the size of an entire playing card, with an area more than ten times that of the 8008, and much higher power consumption and heat.
Wen Desi also knew that this was caused by technological limitations.
The level of craftsmanship must be accumulated over time.
Even if you have complete information on the technology of later generations, it still needs a digestion process.
It is impossible to reach the level of later generations in a short while.
There is no rush.
Although it is entirely possible to manufacture more advanced products by relying on the 23rd century equipment in the base, it is not cost-effective.
These equipments are not replenishable and will be gone if they are worn out.
It would be very wasteful to use them to directly make products.
Using them to make machine tools and other production equipment is the most reasonable way to use them.
So Mr.
Wen didn’t ask for too much.
In any case, this was finally an 8-bit processor that could be put into practical use, and he finally saw the dawn of c.
This processor is named type 2757081, which is the 8-bit processor type 2757 in the Republican calendar, referred to as type 57081.
Although the c made from this thing must be big and expensive, he has plenty of money now.
"Yes, Mr.
Wen.
We are going to use this processor in the new generation of Hetu Type 5 computers," Dean Feng said happily.
The current computer models in China are all "Hetu" models, and Hetu models 1 to 4 are all transistor computers.
Now the integrated circuit central processing unit has come out.
Starting from the fifth type, the computer product has officially entered the era of integrated circuits.
This is the third generation of computers.
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This is more than 50 years earlier than the original time and space.
In fact, compared to other subjects, such as materials, energy, etc., electronic technology is improving much faster.
Basically, as long as there is a technological breakthrough, performance will improve dramatically.
Of course, this speed is only at the beginning, and it will not be so fast later on.
Wen Desi smiled and nodded: "Not only the computer body is enough, but also the terminal, input, output and other ancillary support equipment must keep up.
These new computers must first be deployed to various research institutes and the Central Computing Bureau for popularization.
In addition, Accelerate the development of military models.
I remember that many warships are still Hetu III models."
Gu Xiaoyuan, the military secretary next to him, said: "Yes, Mr.
Wen.
Except for the Sun Wu-class battleships and Xia Chao-class aircraft carriers we are building that use the Hetu Type IV, the others are still the HeTu Type III.
And the ship types below the frigate are because There’s not enough space, and the computer hasn’t been installed yet.”
Wen Desi said: "The most important thing for military models is stability and durability, shock resistance and moisture resistance.
You must find ways to solve these problems.
Computers are very important to the military field, and you must strengthen your efforts in this regard."
"Yes, Mr.
Wen, we will strengthen research in this area and strive to allow the army to use new computers as soon as possible."
Dean Feng agreed quickly.
Next, Dean Feng introduced their current tasks.
In addition to this processor that can be officially put into use, the Computer Research Institute is already researching better processors.
There are two research directions.
One is to insert more transistors to create an eight-bit processor with stronger performance and smaller size; the other is the next generation of 16-bit processor.
According to Dean Feng, you shouldn’t have to wait too long this time.
Wen De Si Long Yan was so happy that he immediately gave out bonuses to relevant R&D personnel with a stroke of his pen, ranging from 3,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan.
Their average monthly salary was 300 yuan, and a total of more than 20 million yuan was spent.
Then encourage them to keep up their efforts and continue to develop the next generation of products.
At the same time, they were told that after this generation of computers is mass-produced, the institute will invest in the technology and patents and enjoy commissions, and all researchers will receive corresponding shares.
Here is a brief talk about the history of computer development in China.
From the beginning, Wen Desi gave up on tube computers because he felt that such things were not powerful.
Therefore, China in the demiplane started directly with transistor computers.
Tube computers were only used as technical reserves.
Of course, when opportunities arise in the future, these things can also be sold at high prices.
The first transistor computer built by the Computer Research Institute in 1908 used first-generation transistors, was about the size of a desk, had about 2,500 transistors, and could perform 50,000 calculations per second.
This is a computer that performs 4-bit operations and is equipped with a corresponding card reader.
It is roughly equivalent to a large version of the te4004 of the original time and space.
Named Hetu Type 1.
However, the number of them produced is not large, only a few are allocated to each research institute, and the Computer Institute is allocated ten of them.
There are also more than a dozen military models mainly used as ballistic computers and equipped for heavy artillery brigades and fortress artillery units.
This is mainly for practicing, and its price is not ideal.
Things were different after the second-generation transistor came out in 1910.
What came out at this time was an eight-bit computing system composed of 8,000 transistors, with a 32k capacity magnetic core memory.
The volume was about the size of two desks stacked one above the other.
It was also equipped with a complete human-machine interface, mouse and keyboard. , display screen, small speakers, card reader, and even a 7-inch super large floppy disk drive.
However, at this time it is not realistic to realize many functions of later generations of computers.
This is the Hetu Type 2, with a computing speed of 120,000 operations per second.
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It is also the first computer to be put on a ship.
More importantly, this generation of computers fixed the hardware specifications, distinguished the physical and logical layers, and planned the operating system core, driver and application layers in the system layer, and established the Computer Software Research Institute 360 The fifth institute began to plan and write the operating system.
At the same time, the specifications for converting combined languages into binary codes and related assemblers are produced, as well as the planning and formulation of some basic file formats and text encodings.
For example, for character encoding, ASCII is absolutely not used, and the 16-bit unide code is used directly, which saves the need for transcoding everywhere later.
The testing of the latter two was done after the initial operating system was completed.
The institute uses Bagua to represent the eight symbols of this eight-bit computer, and stipulates that future registers, address lines, and buses must be turned up by doubles of eight to achieve backward compatibility.
By the end of 1912, all relevant supporting software and hardware were completed, the operating system was put online for the first time, and the combined language translator was completed after several tests and modifications.
The Computer Software Research Institute spent several months using later data and the processing power of the main computer "Xiao Feifei" to develop a Windows operating system called the "Luoshu 01" operating system, as well as hundreds of applications. , such as text editors, ballistic calculators, scientific calculators, and various command and management software that cooperate with writing combination languages, etc.
More importantly, they have also developed several simple games, such as Pac-Man, Arkanoid, Little Bee, etc.
In addition, of course, we cannot forget the very classic "Tetris".
Of course, in this plane The game was renamed "Heluo Cube".
Then factories began to be built to produce this kind of computers.
In addition to configuring all research institutions and computing centers, there were also government departments such as the central bank, and the military.
Of course, these computers are still kept secret from the outside world.
Wen Desi was not unaware of the business opportunities of this thing, but the impact of releasing it now would be too great, so he would only announce it internally for now.
As soon as this thing appeared, it was widely welcomed by various units.
Its high-speed computing power was just that.
What everyone liked more was the few mini-games attached to it.
The subsequent Hetu Type III was finalized and put into production in 1913.
This computer uses third-generation transistors, which are smaller and more integrated.
It is similar in size to the Hetu Type 2, but the number of transistors has increased to 12,000, and the computing speed has reached 240,000 operations per second.
At the end of the following year, 1914, the Hetu Model IV with better performance was launched.
This was also the last transistor computer in China.
It integrated 20,000 transistors and had an operating speed of 400,000 times per second
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