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June 10, 1919, 2760 AD, Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company.
Panzhihua, formerly known as Dukou, belonged to Xichang, Ningyuan Prefecture during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
This is a new city that was established less than ten years ago.
After the founding of New China, it was separated from Ningyuan Prefecture and established as a new municipal unit.
The place name was hand-picked by Mr.
Wen and named "Panzhihua".
Panzhihua is located in the mountains and valleys of the Hengduan Mountains at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan, bordering the Sichuan Basin to the east, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the north, and the Jinsha River Valley to the south.
The towering Hengduan Mountain and the rolling golden sand water.
The uncanny workmanship of nature showed its ferocity in the land where Sichuan and Yunnan meet, splitting a large rift valley and lifting the mineral resources hidden deep in the ground to the place closest to the feet of the world.
The story of Zhuge Liang's "crossing Lu in May and going deep into the barren area" happened here.
Since ancient times, this place has been a place of barbarian miasma, and this was the case until the early 20th century.
But there are rich mineral resources buried in this Hengduan Mountains.
According to later geological survey data, the vanadium-titanium magnetite reserves in this area amount to 10 billion tons, the vanadium resource reserves are 16 million tons, and the titanium resource reserves are 870 million tons.
There are also 700 million tons of coal, in addition to 900,000 tons of cobalt, 700,000 tons of nickel, 250,000 tons of scandium, 180,000 tons of gallium, and a large amount of copper, sulfur and other resources.
After the founding of New China, it was built as a steel and non-ferrous metal production base.
It can be said that the city of Panzhihua was built specifically for this industry.
Although most of China's minerals are now imported from abroad, its own minerals must be properly developed, otherwise it will be impossible to maintain technology and cultivate mineral talents.
There is also the consideration of developing the economy of remote areas in southwest China and promoting social progress in the mainland.
There are also various factors such as the balance of the country’s productivity distribution.
However, Panzhihua has poor mountains and rivers, poor transportation, and poor information.
In particular, the terrain is fragmented.
The ground is divided into small pieces by countless ravines.
It is difficult to find large pieces of flat land.
The largest hillside is only 2.5 square kilometers. , when building Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. in such a geographical and natural environment, the factory building area is restricted and the construction is very difficult.
At that time, Datu Dynasty invested countless efforts in building this place.
However, the conditions in China in this plane are much better than those in the Great Map Dynasty.
The most important thing is that it has money, people, and high technology.
Not to mention money, the 83 million free labor force can be put to good use, and there are many large-scale construction machinery that are not available in the big picture.
Compared with the pure labor force at that time, it is much more powerful.
The terrain is broken and it is difficult to build, right?
The strong man will defy the sky.
We have enough explosives, so we can just blow up wherever we like, flatten the mountain, and then fill it with the rocks from the blast.
A flat ravine is as large a flat land as you want.
It can be said that the city of Panzhihua was blown up by explosives.
The construction of the urban area, Panzhihua Iron and Steel Factory and supporting infrastructure took more than three years, and a total of more than 300,000 tons of explosives were used.
Although more than 300,000 tons of explosives are a bit expensive, the effect is good.
Panzhihua and Panzhihua in this plane are much better than Datuchao.
The whole land was blown into a plain.
Is that okay?
Even the mines were blown up with explosives.
The People's Liberation Army's combat engineer troops used blasting operations to directly use explosives to lift the mountains pressing on the ore bodies, directly exposing the veins for open-pit mining.
In the early years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Panzhihua was filled with rumbling explosions every day, and the smell of gunpowder smoke was as thick as a battlefield.
The largest blasting operation used more than 10,000 tons of explosives, making it a firecracker of unprecedented scale.
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In September 1913, Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. with a designed output of 3 million tons was officially put into production.
The mission of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. is not mainly to produce ordinary steel.
It is mainly to produce important products such as titanium and vanadium.
It was lunch time, and the company employees were all eating in the canteen.
They were chatting while eating.
“Today’s braised beef is really authentic and tastes good” The beef with fascia is cut into one-inch square pieces.
Under the influence of various seasonings, the meat becomes golden red in color and fragrant.
It is salty, fresh and mellow in the mouth.
When you take a bite, the fragrant gravy will suddenly fill your mouth.
In the mouth, the thick and elastic meat fibers are very chewy in the mouth, highlighting the unique flavor of beef, making people want to stop.
"This beef is so delicious" the diners were full of praise.
Someone said with unfinished thoughts: "I have decided to go to the vegetable market after get off work today to buy a few kilograms of beef.
Let's make a big pot ourselves and eat enough."
"Hahahaha, you foodie" Shen Rui didn't say anything.
It was a pleasure to eat delicious beef and listen to his colleagues bragging and spanking.
At this time, someone said: "I saw on TV that most of our country's beef is now imported from Argentina and the United States."
"There are also Brazil, Australia, and New Zealand.
There are millions of tons every year."
Colleague A asked him: "Mr.
Shen, don't we have beef in China?
It was said on TV that Mongolia, Mobei, and Anxi are all great pastures.
Isn't that enough?"
Shen Rui thought for a moment and said, "Of course it's not enough.
Look at the population of our country, more than 600 million people.
Now that life is better, everyone basically has meat to eat every day.
Even if each person eats one pound of beef per month, We also need more than 3 million to 4 million tons of beef every year That's enough.
And every year we export so much beef jerky, beef floss, canned beef and other beef products.
We don't produce enough beef ourselves.
Besides, our country also engages in balanced trade with other countries.
This beef is used One of the commodities to balance” "Oh, it is true that we have the largest population and we need a lot.
One pound of beef a month is really not much.
According to our company's food standards, it is 120 to 200 grams of meat per day.
One pound of beef can only last four days at most.
For example, you can finish it in two and a half days in a heavy-duty position."
Colleague A agreed.
Nowadays, the food standards of various units and enterprises in China are set by specialized nutritionists, and they vary according to labor intensity and gender.
In order to improve the physical quality of its citizens, the Chinese government has promoted a "nutritional meal plan" across the country and promoted scientific diet.
Coupled with the huge export of meat products, the demand for meat and dairy products is rising year by year.
Domestic production of meat is no longer enough, and beef and dairy products are imported in large quantities every year.
Colleague B said: "We in China do not need to import grain now.
Last year, the grain output was more than 700 million tons, which is really scary.
Gee, the average person in the country has more than one ton of grain.
How can we finish it?
We all have to do it."
Just be a loser."
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Colleague C said disapprovingly: "How can it be possible?
There is a way to live in a poor life, and there is a way to live a rich life in a rich life.
The breeding industry is so developed now, and so many livestock and poultry are raised, don't they all need food?
You can't eat it as feed.
Oh, and also.
Making wine also consumes grain.
It takes 3 kilograms of grain to brew 1 kilogram of liquor.
You are worried that you will not be able to eat it all before exporting it.
For example, little Japan does not have enough grain to eat.
How many years has it not imported from us in these years?
Millions of tons of grain passed."
"Yes, in the past few years, the foreign devils in Europe have been fighting wars, and they have imported tens of millions of tons of grain every year.
Don't have too much grain, and don't panic if you have it in hand."
Shen Rui also said.
As soon as the topic of war was heard, a colleague said: "Oh, speaking of war, I don't know how long this war will last.
It's been almost five years."
"Military commentaries on TV have said that we are now fighting a war of attrition.
As long as one side loses the strength to fight, the war will be over."
"How long will it take?"
Colleague B said indifferently: "Who knows?
Foreign devils like to fight, so just wait for them to fight.
Anyway, the ones who die are white guys.
It would be better if these foreign devils die more."
"But now China has also joined the war.
If we fight for too long, we will get into trouble."
Shen Rui said: "Military experts on TV have said that in current wars, the defensive side has the most advantage, and whoever attacks will be unlucky.
Our army is basically defensive now, and the intensity is much lower, so we don't have to worry too much about casualties."
Panzhihua Iron and Steel Branch No. 7.
At 2 o'clock in the afternoon, Shen Rui walked into his workplace.
He is an engineer at Branch No. 7, which is responsible for titanium products, including titanium metal smelting and titanium dioxide manufacturing.
The factory is busy, and the trolleys on the track are constantly delivering raw materials provided by the factory next door.
The ore here in Panzhihua is vanadium-titanium magnetite, which cannot be used directly to produce titanium.
Moreover, the grade of the ore here is not high, containing about 30.5% of iron, about 10.5% of titanium dioxide, and about 0.30% of vanadium pentoxide.
It must first be crushed and beneficiated to become a concentrate containing more than 50% iron, more than 12% titanium dioxide, and more than 0.5% vanadium pentoxide.
Then, after another beneficiation, the vanadium-containing iron ore concentrate is selected as the raw material for blast furnace ironmaking.
Well, the smelting process of this vanadium-containing iron ore is very technological, and only China in the world has mastered it.
The remaining tailings are then selected, and the selected titanium concentrate is the raw material for producing titanium.
However, the titanium concentrate after multiple beneficiation still contains a large amount of iron.
At this time, there are three methods to extract the titanium in it.
The first is the electric furnace reduction method.
Since titanium and iron have different affinity for oxygen, they must be selected.
By performing reduction smelting, pig iron and titanium slag titanium dioxide can be obtained.
The second is sulfuric acid leaching method to obtain ferrous sulfate and titanium slag.
The third method is hydrochloric acid leaching, which results in artificial rutile.
Currently, these three processes are in use, mainly as technical reserves.
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Then the titanium slag can be processed through a series of processes such as water washing, salt treatment, and calcination to obtain titanium dioxide.
If you want to continue to obtain titanium metal, the titanium slag must undergo boiling chlorination to turn it into titanium tetrachloride.
Then, using magnesium thermal reduction method, under the protection of inert gas, metal magnesium is used to reduce titanium tetrachloride to produce metallic titanium.
The magnesia thermal reduction method in the original time and space history was successfully studied by the Luxembourg scientist Claure in 1940, also known as the Claure method.
In 1948, the American DuPont Company began to use this method to produce commercial titanium sponge.
However, the traditional magnesia thermal reduction method is still not efficient enough.
After the reduction operation is completed and the reduction product is cooled, the distillation equipment is assembled for vacuum separation operation.
The process currently used by Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. is the joint method invented in Japan in the 1980s.
This integrated reduction and distillation process is much more efficient than the primary magnesia thermal reduction method, and the purity can also be increased to 99.7.
Shen Rui picked up a sponge-like metal block from the pile of semi-finished products.
This is sponge-like titanium metal made using the magnesia thermal reduction method.
Of course this is only a semi-finished product.
These sponge irons need to be sent to the vacuum electric arc furnace for smelting and purification before dense silver-shining titanium ingots can be obtained.
This is the final product.
In recent years, the output of titanium ingots has only been one-third, mainly as a technical reserve.
Most of them are directly shipped from the factory in the form of sponge iron.
Anyway, the country is open to harvesting.
Freight trains come every few days to transport these titanium sponges and titanium ingots away.
At this time, several workers drove a rail car over, and the forklift next to it began to move, scooping up the sea-surface titanium and loading it into the car, preparing to send it to the electric arc furnace for smelting.
During the loading process, one of the workers greeted him and asked casually: "Mr.
Shen, what do you think this titanium is used for?
We have produced at least hundreds of thousands of tons in the past few years, but we haven't seen it yet."
It’s not as good as steelmaking in the branch next door.”
"Yes, these things are very troublesome.
The cost is at least ten times higher than steel.
It is not as easy to use as steel," another worker also said.
"It's true that the titanium dioxide produced by our factory is pretty good.
I've seen paint made with our titanium dioxide.
It's really white and dazzling.
I think it's better to use it all to make titanium dioxide."
Shen Rui smiled: "Although this thing is not as useful as steel, it is still very important.
It is used in aviation and national defense, as well as chemical equipment, medical equipment, and marine engineering equipment.
Of course, This is still a new material, so it’s not very popular yet.”
At present, titanium is a metal that is only used in China, and has never been heard of in other countries.
Because they can only make titanium metal in the laboratory now and have not yet mastered the technology of industrial production, the price is very expensive.
The current selling price per ton in the international market is nearly 20,000 US dollars.
At this time, the price of steel was only 37 US dollars per ton, and the price of silver was only more than 30,000 US dollars per ton.
Its price is equivalent to 60% of silver.
Who knows?
Affordable Of course, its output cannot be used on a large scale.
What can we do with the small output of the laboratory?
Now, except for China, the world's titanium metal output is less than 1,000 tons, all of which are laboratory products.
It currently has two main uses.
The first is to be bought by scientists for various researches, and the second is to be used by jewelry merchants to make various cheap jewelry and accessories.
Their dosage is very small, just buy a few dozen kilograms at a time.
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Those workers are right.
China does not use titanium in many places.
It is mainly used in medical equipment and chemical equipment, but not in aerospace.
The annual output of titanium ingots and titanium sponge produced by Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. and several other factories is more than 50,000 tons, and these projects cannot be used up.
But all their products are bought by the state and sent to material warehouses for storage.
There are few places to use it now, but with the development of aerospace technology, this is no longer enough.
Anyway, the titanium ingot is not bad.
Not only titanium, but also various other rare metals are treated in the same way.
Regardless of whether they are used now or not, they should be bought back and refined into ingots before being stored.
A few years ago, Wen Desi ordered the construction of many giant material warehouses in several large deserts in the northwest region, specifically for storing these rare metals as national strategic reserves
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