s: The update there last night was actually delayed for another 6 hours.
This system is really drunk.
Please vote, please everyone The League of Nations is, to put it bluntly, the predecessor of the "United Nations" that everyone is familiar with.
During World War I, some bourgeois peace groups in the United States actively advocated the establishment of an institution to mediate international disputes.
U.S.
President Wilson strongly agreed with this idea and incorporated it into his "Fourteen Points" and advocated the establishment of an organization like the League of Nations.
In the history of the original time and space, although this organization was established by the United States, because the Yankees were tricked by Britain and France, they did not join this organization at all in the end.
In later generations, although the "United Nations" was ridiculed as a "neighborhood committee", it still played a positive role in international affairs to some extent.
The "League of Nations" has no sense of existence.
This organization is referred to as the "League of Nations" and is of no use in international affairs.
It is the "League of Nations" that in the history of the original time and space, Chang Gong liked to say "requesting the intervention of the League of Nations" and "requiring the League of Nations to be disciplined" after the violent beating in the book.
Everyone should know how incompetent and useless it is.
It has many failures.
First of all, many powerful countries did not participate, and the United States did not participate from the beginning.
Later, Italy and Japan withdrew to facilitate their own aggression.
The Soviet Union only joined in 1934 and was expelled during the Soviet-Finnish War.
Secondly, its system design is quite "well".
All resolutions require the unanimous consent of all member states.
Yes, it is a "one-vote veto system", which is as good as grandma's democracy.
There are also the lack of permanent organizations, slow response to international affairs, etc.
In short, this organization is just a decoration.
Of course, what I mentioned above refers to the "League of Nations" in the original time and space, and the "League of Nations" in this plane is different.
At least it is much better than the original in terms of popularity, and several major powers have joined.
Of course, there is no need to expect it to be more effective.
I am afraid that it is more likely to become a tool for wrangling than the original "League of Nations".
The internal situation of the "League of Nations" on this plane is much more complicated.
The original one was only controlled by Britain and France, but now it has several forces.
China, the United States, Britain and Germany are all at odds with each other.
Of course, this is something to talk about later.
At least for now, except for Wen Desi who knows the historical trend, everyone still has great hopes for this organization.
The brutal battle was such that the old Europeans lost their temper and did not want to do it again.
It is good to have such an international mediation organization.
Although Mr.
Wen was not very optimistic about the prospects of this organization, he still put forward many useful suggestions, most of which were about the organizational situation and rules and regulations of the "United Nations" in future generations.
After Wen Desi finished making those suggestions, the heads of state and leaders of various countries nodded their heads one after another, and Türkiye and other younger brothers were full of praise.
At this time, British Prime Minister Lloyd George suddenly asked: "Your Excellency President Moon, the suggestions you mentioned about setting up permanent agencies of the League of Nations are very good.
They can increase the efficiency of work and the speed of response to international affairs, but how to solve the funding problem?"
"Of course it will be paid by each member state.
My preliminary suggestion is this.
A budget can be set for the first batch of membership fees, and then shared by member states."
Wen Desi said: "In addition, I suggest setting up a World Bank and a League of Nations.
The daily expenses are advanced by the World Bank and settled every six months.
The cost is shared by the member states.
Of course, this is only the case.
It is part of the bank's functions.
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It can assist member countries in economic revitalization and construction, encourage underdeveloped countries to develop resources, and at the same time assist member countries in improving their production capabilities and promote the balanced development of international trade in member countries. and the improvement of the international balance of payments situation."
President Wen also threw out the idea of a "World Bank".
"Your Excellency, how do you determine the proportion of dues sharing?"
asked the Belgian Prime Minister.
"I think it is fair to determine the sharing ratio of each country based on its per capita disposable income," Wen Desi said with a smile.
The biggest killer per capita is likes "This is unfair.
The ratio should be determined based on the total population of the country and colonies."
The Italian Prime Minister immediately objected.
Anyway, their colonies were all lost and the population was not large, so it was most beneficial to them to calculate based on population.
Upon hearing this, Japan's Hara Kei quit.
He said loudly: "This sharing ratio should be determined by the country's total income."
Although the economic situation of Japan in this plane is much better than that of the original time and space, compared with the middle powers of Europe and the United States, They are still poor, and their total income is not as good as that of some second-tier European countries such as Spain and the Netherlands.
Sure enough, no matter what the matter is, once it comes to money, there will be no intimacy.
The big bosses from all over the world who had been harmonious just now suddenly became red-faced.
No one wanted to be taken advantage of, and they all wanted to do the most things with the least money.
Seeing that the leaders of various countries "had frank conversations, fully exchanged views, and enhanced understanding among all parties," President Cox, as the host, stepped forward to smooth things over.
"As for the sharing ratio, professionals can discuss it.
We in the United States can first advance the daily expenses of the League of Nations."
The United States is indeed a wealthy country, and Cox was ready to take care of it himself with a wave of his hand.
But Britain and Germany are no longer involved.
It is common sense to use whose money to serve whom.
If the United States covers the expenses of the League of Nations, then what is the League of Nations doing?
So the quarrel started again.
No matter which standard was used, this matter could not get the support of the majority.
In the end, they had to compromise with each other and came up with a harmonious standard, that is, based on each country's gross national product, population, and per capita disposable income.
Several factors, such as the ability to pay, etc., are combined to determine it.
In addition, in order to prevent a certain country from paying too much or too little, membership fees also have provisions for maximum and minimum assessment limits.
The maximum assessment limit cannot exceed 25 of the entire budget, and the minimum cannot be less than 0.001.
Well, this article was suggested by President Wen, and it is a copy of the standards of the United Nations in later generations.
In the end, the framework of the "League of Nations" was determined by the big bosses.
The eight countries of China, the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Japan, Italy and Austria served as permanent members, and non-permanent members were decided from among other member states to serve on a rotating basis, with one-year terms.
Daily affairs are handled by the "eight permanent members" and the "five extraordinary members".
When handling general international affairs, a simple majority principle is adopted.
The adoption of major resolutions requires a two-thirds majority, and the "eight permanent members" have one veto power.
Basically it is a weakened version of the later "United Nations", which is of course much stronger than the original "League of Nations".
The League of Nations matter has been finalized, but the "World Bank" that Mr.
Wen mentioned has remained inactive.
It’s not that all countries are not interested, but the interest is too great.
Several major powers want to take a large share of the shares.
There is no agreement on the share allocation ratio.
In the end, it can only be settled, at least in the near future.
Wen Desi did not force it.
He planned to establish a "People's Revolutionary Alliance Bank" after returning and play his own role within the People's Revolutionary Alliance.
Starting from March 15, the leaders of various countries who had negotiated the formation of the League of Nations have returned home one after another, while the naval treaty meeting was still noisy.
The atmosphere of this meeting was so lively that it was breathtaking.
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There was a lot of talk and bricks flying at the meeting.
The quarrel lasted until April 21, and after more than a month of copywriting, we finally came up with a plan that everyone could barely accept.
Due to the different international situation, the content of this treaty is also very different from the one in the original time and space.
Compared with the Washington Naval Treaty in the original time and space, the treaty in this plane covers a larger area.
It is not only the participation of a few major powers, but also includes the vast majority of major countries in the world.
Of course, it refers to sovereign countries with access to the sea. , colonies and dominions that are not independent are not counted separately.
In addition, the content of this treaty has also been increased a lot.
It not only restricts capital ships and aircraft carriers, but also restricts cruisers, destroyers, submarines and other ships.
It is actually equivalent to the Washington Treaty and the London Treaty in the original time and space. comprehensive.
The first is the issue of tonnage ratio.
At present, China, the United States, Britain and Germany, which have the strongest navies, are in the first tier, with a ratio of 10.
Japan, which is second only to the four major gangsters, is in the second tier with a ratio of 7.
France and Italy are in third gear, with a ratio of 4.
Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Russia and Türkiye are in the fourth tier, with a ratio of 2.
Other small countries are considered in the fifth tier, with a ratio of 1.
In other words, the world's navy will be divided into five levels from now on, and the size ratio is 10:7:4:2:1.
This ratio issue is the most controversial one among everyone, and most of the time is spent on it.
In fact, many countries cannot use up the tonnage allocated according to this ratio.
For example, in the history of the original time and space, France and Italy did not use up their share until the end of the treaty.
But whether this share is used is one thing, and whether it is available or not is another matter.
This is a big issue related to the country’s face, and no country wants to give in.
After arguing for a long time, we managed to reach this ratio.
Of course, it was mainly the eight big hooligans who were making the noise.
The little fart countries couldn't even enter the venue.
They just needed to hear the results.
Then there are the tonnage limits of various ships, which are specifically divided as follows: 1 million tons for capital ships including battleships and battlecruisers, 500,000 tons for aircraft carriers, 400,000 tons for heavy cruisers, 400,000 tons for light cruisers, and 100,000 tons for aviation cruisers. 300,000 tons of destroyers and 150,000 tons of submarines.
These tonnages are the share tonnage of the first-tier countries, and the remaining countries receive their quotas according to their own levels.
For example, Japan's share is 700,000 tons for battleships, 350,000 tons for aircraft carriers, 280,000 tons for heavy cruisers, 280,000 tons for light cruisers, 70,000 tons for aviation cruisers, 210,000 tons for destroyers, and 105,000 tons for submarines.
By the way, most of the gangsters this time use the metric system.
China, Germany, Austria, Italy, France, and Japan still use the imperial system.
Only the United Kingdom uses the imperial system, while the United States uses the metric system half and half.
The imperial system and metric system are all used.
Therefore, the tonnage in this treaty all refers to "metric tons", not "imperial tons".
Next are the definitions and regulations of various ships.
The specific regulations for capital ships are.
The standard displacement of any new battleship must not exceed 45,000 tons, and the main gun must not exceed 420 mm or 16.5 inches.
If it exceeds the standard, forget about it if it was made before.
It has not been built yet.
If the completion level is higher than 50, you can continue to build it, but the main gun needs to be replaced.
Those with a completion degree below 50 can be converted into aircraft carriers, but they need to occupy the aircraft carrier share.
Anything that exceeds the tonnage share must be decommissioned or dismantled.
Whether China's "Qingcheng-class super-standard heavy patrol" can be regarded as a capital ship and other countries' long-term rivalry, in the end both sides gave in.
China has changed the Qingcheng-class main gun to the heavy patrol class, so it will not be counted as a battleship and will be calculated as heavy patrol.
The main ones that exceed the standard on battleships are the United States, Britain and Germany.
Of course, Niu Niu only needs to retire those pre-dreadnoughts to meet the standard.
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Although Germany has the largest capital ship tonnage, they also have many pre-dreadnoughts, old ships and second-hand trophy ships.
As long as they are retired, they will almost reach the standard.
The one that really needs major dismantling is the United States.
They are all new ships, and more than 300,000 tons of dreadnoughts must be dismantled to meet the standards.
The regulations for aircraft carriers are: the displacement of an aircraft carrier shall not be less than 10,000 tons, and it shall not be equipped with naval guns with a caliber exceeding 210 mm and 8.3 inches.
If the caliber of the naval gun exceeds 155 mm 6.1 inches, the total number of all naval guns cannot exceed 10.
If the aircraft carrier does not carry a naval gun with a caliber exceeding 155 mm 6.1 inches, there is no limit on the number of naval guns.
In all cases, there is no limit on the number of anti-aircraft guns and naval guns of a caliber not exceeding 130 mm 5.1 inches.
The standard displacement of a new aircraft carrier shall not exceed 35,000 tons.
Since China already has four 45,000-ton Liaoning-class aircraft carriers, the United States, Britain and Germany can also build or rebuild four 45,000-ton class aircraft carriers within their quota, and Japan can build or rebuild three within their quota.
France, Italy and Austria can build or renovate 2 ships within the quota, and other countries can have 1 ship.
The division of cruisers is different from the original history.
It is divided into three types: heavy cruiser, light cruiser and aviation cruiser.
The standard platoon of heavy cruisers shall not exceed 15,000 tons, and the caliber of naval guns shall not exceed 210 mm 8.3 inches.
The standard platoon of light cruisers shall not exceed 10,000 tons, and the caliber of naval guns shall not exceed 155 mm 6.1 inches.
The aviation cruiser is a product of compromise.
This kind of hybrid ship is available in the three major gangsters of the United States, Britain and Germany, but not in China.
And China has the so-called Zheng Guo-class "amphibious landing ship", which is also an "amphibious assault ship", but they do not have such a thing.
At the beginning, various countries demanded that the Zheng Guo class be counted as an aircraft carrier.
In this way, China's aircraft carrier would exceed the standard.
Of course China would not do it.
Only a fool would agree.
Besides, this is not an aircraft carrier in the first place.
So China proposed that you can build similar ships, but other countries disagreed.
They felt that this so-called "amphibious landing ship" was useless.
It was purely the Chinese people's own imagination, and they had no interest at all.
After a few days of wrangling, everyone reached a compromise.
China's "amphibious landing ship" is included in the share of aviation cruisers.
Other countries can build aviation cruisers, or they can build such "imaginary" "amphibious landing ships" as long as they do not exceed their share.
Therefore, the aviation cruiser's share actually includes two types of battleships, sharing one share.
As for the definition of an aviation cruiser: the standard row is not more than 15,000 tons, can carry no more than 6 210mm naval guns, and adopts a through-deck or a semi-through-deck.
Because the total tonnage of China's six Zhengguo-class ships reached 108,000 tons, and the standard displacement of a single ship also reached 18,000 tons, both of which exceeded the standard.
As compensation, China promised not to install weapons with a caliber exceeding 130 mm on this class of ships.
Naval gun.
Then there are destroyers.
The definition of this kind of warship is that the displacement does not exceed 3,000 tons and the gun caliber does not exceed 130 mm 5.1 inches.
Needless to say, the restrictions on submarines were definitely aimed at Germany.
The Allies, especially Niu Niu, were beaten to tears by Er Dezi's submarines.
The treaty stipulates that the standard platoon of new submarines built by each country shall not exceed 3,500 tons, and the caliber of naval guns shall not exceed 130 mm 5.1 inches.
However, each country can have six large submarines with a standard displacement of no more than 5,000 tons, but the caliber of the naval guns must not exceed 155 mm 6.1 inches.
According to the provisions of the treaty, there are two types of combat ships that are not subject to any restrictions.
You can use them however you want. 4. 1 inch, standard displacement warships not exceeding 1,200 tons.
The second type is a warship whose standard platoon exceeds 1,200 tons but does not exceed 3,000 tons, and the main gun caliber does not exceed 763 inches, the number of main guns does not exceed 4, and there are no torpedoes.
The first type is frigates.
Britain, France, the United States and Japan, which have suffered enough from submarines, are opposed to restrictions on such ships.
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The second type mainly refers to coast guard or patrol vessels, which also need to have restrictions.
The tonnage and number of auxiliary ships such as supply, transportation, repair, and mine clearance are not subject to conditions, but the caliber of the main guns is required to not exceed 763 inches, the number of main guns is not to exceed 4, and torpedoes cannot be installed.
In addition, it cannot have more than two water machine catapults, nor can it have the function of landing ordinary carrier-based aircraft.
The seaplane carrier is a special ship, and its tonnage and quantity are not restricted.
The requirements are similar to the former, with the added restriction that they cannot have direct access to the deck.
In addition, the treaty also stipulates that the five countries of China, the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan can transform two battleships, four cruisers or destroyers, and two submarines into training ships without taking up their share of these ships.
These surface ships must remove all armor, half of the main guns, all aviation facilities and torpedoes, and reduce their speed to less than 18 knots.
In addition, each country can have a training aircraft carrier with a tonnage of no more than 12,000 tons.
Those warships in various countries that exceed their quota and need to be scrapped can be transformed into target ships, but all weapons, fire control systems and radio equipment need to be removed, and it must be ensured that ships used as target ships and training ships will not be repaired again for combat purposes.
The treaty finally stipulates the cycle for each country to replace ships, starting from the time of official completion.
Only ships that are more than 18 years old can be replaced in the quota.
The treaty is valid until December 31, 1936.
If no signatory country requests termination within two years before the expiration date, the treaty will be automatically renewed for two years.
It will automatically expire after two years until a signatory country proposes to abolish it.
The Washington Naval Treaty was officially signed on April 25, 1921, and this plane has since entered the "Navy Holiday" stage.
The opium cattle can finally breathe a sigh of relief, but from the bottom of their hearts, countries such as China and the United States do not want to continue the arms race after the war, and it is better to farm
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