At present, China has 10 nuclear power reactor units in operation, with a total installed capacity of 6 million kilowatts, including 4 third-generation reactors, one each of pressurized water reactor, boiling water reactor, heavy water reactor, and graphite gas-cooled reactor.
These are also the four mainstream of third-generation reactors.
There are six fourth-generation reactors, including three fast neutron reactor systems and three thermal neutron reactor systems, namely sodium-cooled fast reactor, lead alloy-cooled fast reactor, gas-cooled fast reactor, ultra-high temperature reactor, supercritical water-cooled reactor and One molten salt pile each.
However, these ten reactors are all of different types.
From this layout, it can be seen that these reactors are all experimental in nature and are mainly used to gain experience for researchers and serve as technical reserves.
Of course, while conducting various tests, these nuclear power plants also undertake the task of providing power to the entire base and nearby areas.
There are already a lot of reactors, more than the Tu Dynasty at the end of the 20th century.
Ten reactors were able to be built in thirteen years.
In addition to the perfect later data, the ultra-low cost is also a very important reason.
At this time The uranium ore in China is super cheap, and the labor cost is also very low.
Students in civilized schools and prisoners in labor camps do not need to be paid.
Besides, if you have money, you will be willful.
China made a lot of money during World War I.
Not only did it sell arms and supplies to both the Entente and Allied Powers, but it also ended up "making gold" itself.
The Chinese submarine force hunted opium cattle and gold-carrying fleets in the Atlantic Ocean.
From this alone, they received 2,822 tons of gold and 53,450 tons of silver.
In addition to one-fifth of this windfall being allocated to the Navy as special funds, everyone in the other departments has a share, and no one is in vain.
Among them, the scientific research department and the education department get the most, and black technology is allocated 10, except for The most outside of the Navy.
With this windfall and other financial allocations, the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Engineering are naturally wealthy.
Since there are so many types and each has its own advantages, let's play with and choose slowly.
If you have money, you will be willful The latest of the six Generation IV reactors has been built for more than half a year.
After years of research and observation, the gas-cooled fast reactor stands out.
It has strong performance in all aspects and the simplest structure.
The most important thing is that its structure has Inherent safety features mean that traditional risks such as core melting will not occur even in the most serious accident situations.
"Mr.
Wen, so far, the six Generation IV reactors are operating well.
Compared with Generation III reactors, these new systems have made significant improvements in sustainability, safety, reliability, economy, suppression of nuclear proliferation and physical protection.
According to the plan of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, these six reactors will be tested and observed for another year.
If there are no accidents, they will be formally finalized and promoted commercially.
"The Ministry of Nuclear Industry accompanied Mr.
Wen.
Minister Xue Ding introduced it from the side.
Because of the special nature of the nuclear industry, China has assigned all relevant matters to the newly established agency of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry for unified management.
The Ministry is fully responsible for the coordination and management of related industries from uranium mining and refining to nuclear power plants, as well as nuclear physics. research management work.
The Ministry is under the direct jurisdiction of the State Council and is also under the guidance of the Central Military Commission in terms of operations.
"According to the existing data, we mainly choose two types as the main promotion projects, gas-cooled fast reactors and ultra-high-temperature reactors.
Gas-cooled fast reactors are the most cost-effective, they can add fuel value, and they have good inherent safety characteristics.
The second is the supercritical water reactor, which is a thermal reactor.
In addition to generating electricity, this type of reactor can also produce plutonium-239 or produce large amounts of helium.
We plan to use the two together," Xue Ding said.
Compared with third-generation reactors, fourth-generation reactors are definitely much higher in terms of safety and thermal efficiency, but there are still differences in performance between the same fourth-generation reactors.
Compared with thermal reactors, fast reactors have many advantages.
The biggest advantage is that its nuclear fuel can "add value".
To be precise, it can use uranium 238, which cannot undergo fission reactions under normal circumstances, as fuel.
During operation, it consumes fission fuel uranium 235 or plutonium 239, etc., and at the same time produces fission fuel.
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Moreover, the output exceeds the consumption.
What is really consumed is uranium-238, which cannot be used in thermal neutron reactors and accounts for more than 99.2% of natural uranium.
Uranium-238 absorbs neutrons and becomes plutonium-239.
In a fast reactor, more and more fission fuel is burned and multiplied, so the full name of the fast reactor is fast neutron breeder reactor.
Since it is a breeder reactor, the fission fuel is not actually consumed.
What is really consumed is uranium-238.
Therefore, the cycle will stop only when the uranium-238 is consumed.
Theoretically, fast reactors can increase the utilization rate of uranium resources to 100%.
However, taking into account the losses during processing and processing, it can generally reach a utilization rate of 8090%, which is 160200 times the utilization rate of a single pass of pressurized water reactor fuel.
The utilization rate has increased, and depleted uranium ore also has mining value.
In this way, the recoverable amount of uranium resources will be increased thousands of times worldwide.
According to the plan of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, fast reactors and thermal reactors are to be used together.
The earliest ultra-high temperature thermal reactors could only produce hydrogen, but the one currently in use is an improved version in the late 21st century that can produce helium.
This type of reactor is mainly used to produce plutonium-239 or helium.
Because China is now vigorously developing airships, there is a huge demand for helium, and 90% of the helium resources on earth are in the United States.
Although China and the United States now have good relations, and most of the helium resources are controlled by the Zentraedi Consortium, But Cunning Rabbit Three Cave is the way to go, and it is best to diversify the sources of raw materials.
In addition, plutonium-239 is also an important nuclear raw material.
Although helium is important, uranium resources are also very important, so it cannot all be turned into a thermal reactor.
The best is the combination of the two.
If a fast reactor is also built, the industrial plutonium produced after the operation of the thermal reactor and the uranium-238 that the thermal reactor cannot burn can be used as fuel for the fast reactor, thus forming a virtuous cycle.
Also speaking of uranium mines, let me just mention the current situation.
Over the past decade or so, through continuous mining from all over the world, China has now accumulated about 2.6 million tons of uranium ore.
The original plan was to collect 4 million tons of uranium ore within ten years, but so far only less than 70% of the original plan has been completed, which made Mr.
Wen very depressed.
But there is nothing that can be done about it.
The war on this plane lasted too long, and the production of many uranium mining areas was greatly affected.
South Africa has not yet returned to pre-war levels.
Most of the uranium deposits currently collected come from Canada, Australia and South Africa.
It is estimated that he looted nearly 60% of the uranium mines in these three countries.
However, due to the First World War, in order to help Boss Niu, the domestic production of these three countries was greatly affected.
Especially in South Africa, due to independence, uranium production dropped sharply to one-tenth of its pre-war levels, and it has not yet recovered.
Although Canada and Australia resumed production after the war, their output could not satisfy Mr.
Wen due to a large number of casualties.
So in the two years after the war, President Wen passed an agreement with the United Kingdom to purchase mines in Australia and Canada, and sent personnel from home to mine, mainly prisoners of labor camps and students from civilized schools.
On the other hand, the main sources of uranium purchases have been shifted to the United States, Europe, Central Africa, and Southwest Africa.
Recently, the Soviet Union and Belarus have also stopped the Red and White Song Festival.
What surprised him was that the United States had a solid industrial foundation and was mining very quickly.
Perhaps because of the economic downturn after the war, he only raised the purchase price slightly, and the Americans went around desperately prospecting and mining and selling to him.
Within three years, he had purchased nearly 500,000 tons of uranium ore from the United States.
Efficiency is really expensive.
At this rate, it is estimated that it will take about four to five years to plunder almost all the easily exploitable uranium deposits in the United States.
Of course, this refers to the United States.
The three West African states in the United States and their three younger brothers in West Africa also have a lot of uranium mines.
These uranium mines cannot be dug out in a few years.
Because these places are too backward and their industrial level is too low, unless there is large-scale investment, the output will not increase at all.
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Europe's actions have been slower.
Of course, this may also be because Europe's uranium reserves are small and scattered.
In Central Africa and Southwest Africa, the speed is also slower because the level of development is relatively low.
Because too many people died in the Soviet Union and Belarus, the labor force was insufficient, and the efficiency was not that high.
Belarus was okay, it was almost becoming a puppet state of China.
It didn't matter if there were not enough people, China just sent people there to dig them out.
But the Red Bear side is more troublesome.
They are not willing to let people from China enter in large numbers.
Wen Desi estimated that there would be about fifteen to twenty years of safe time for him to continue searching for uranium ore and other resources around the world.
Because according to the current situation, it is speculated that World War II will definitely happen, and by then there will be many overseas resources that cannot guarantee supply.
There is nothing that can be done about it.
A battle in this plane can be ended.
A war without a winner or loser, no matter which side is dissatisfied.
Coupled with the great hatred forged in the first battle, if there is no winner or loser, it is estimated that everyone will not be balanced in their hearts.
It's impossible not to do one.
According to the current development, it is estimated that it will take more than ten years for both sides to lick their wounds, and at least five years with war equipment included.
In other words, there will be at least fifteen years of peace.
Of course, this peace is only relative to the world war.
Needless to say, small conflicts have never stopped.
For example, the people in areas such as Africa and India have been waging epic struggles against the evil colonialists in order to fight for independence and freedom.
However, it is difficult to estimate the specific time when World War II broke out, because the history of this plane has been changed beyond recognition, and almost all the historical data on social aspects brought over from the original time and space are invalid.
And the triggers of wars are often small things, so it's really hard to estimate.
But no matter how you look at it, there are still at least fifteen years to search.
Based on the current purchasing speed, he should have the opportunity to collect more than 90% of overseas uranium ore during this period.
Of course, this only refers to the easily mineable uranium deposits in the shallow layers of the earth.
According to Xingke Company's data, the earth's easily mineable uranium reserves are about 8 million tons, but the total amount of uranium that can be mined is about 60 million tons.
So even if he buys all the uranium mines that are easy to mine, the European and American powers can still dig out a lot of uranium mines if they really search the world.
Of course, the development costs and the technology required will be high.
In addition, although the uranium mines on the territory of the APR boys are not large, mosquitoes are still meat no matter how small they are, so naturally they are all taken care of by the big brother.
Finally, it goes without saying that the export of uranium ore in China is naturally prohibited, and even now it is not being mined.
January 18, 1924, AD 2765, Taklimakan Desert, Base 3505.
Base 3505 is located in Quli City, Xinjiang Province.
Its name is derived from the Quli Kingdom during the Qin and Han Dynasties.
Its jurisdiction is equivalent to about 100 kilometers northwest of Qiemo County in Bayingoleng Prefecture in the Tu Dynasty and the center of the Taklimakan Desert.
The base was built in January 1916 and officially opened in August 1919.
Yes, this is China's nuclear weapons testing base.
Although it is nominally part of the Lop Nur base, the two are separated by hundreds of kilometers, so if anyone goes to look for it near Lop Nur, they will not be able to find it.
It is not easy to build in the middle of the desert.
Not to mention, the road alone took a lot of effort.
Therefore, although this base is not large, it took three and a half years to build.
You must know that the construction of the capital city of Hanking only took four years.
After completing the inspection of the Lop Nur base, Wen Desi held a symposium and communicated with everyone for more than three hours.
Afterwards, a dinner was held at the base with all the researchers at the base.
Wen Desi took an airship to this base in the middle of the desert early this morning, and President Wen was not the only one who came today.
Premier Zhang Lizheng, Chief of General Staff Xin Jie, and all the top brass from the army, navy and air force came.
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Of course, there is a very important reason for all these high-level officials to go to this place where no one can shit.
That's right, they came today to watch the first nuclear explosion in human history on this plane.
Sixty kilometers away from the base is the nuclear explosion test site.
At this time, many buildings were built in this experimental site, including residential buildings, factories, warehouses, etc.
Except for the absence of people, it was completely a complete small city.
In this city that is about to be destroyed, there are also many animals and various detection and sensing instruments placed.
There are hundreds of cameras alone.
In the square in the center of the city, there is a 60-meter-high slender iron tower with a yellow barrel placed on it.
"Mr.
Wen, the yellow barrel in the middle of the screen is the nuclear device that was tested this time," Major General Yu Jiancheng, the person in charge of the base, introduced to Wen Desi.
"Well, how many do we have now and how much do they weigh?"
Wen Desi asked as he looked at the nuclear device on the screen.
Of course Mr.
Wen and the others will not be there to watch.
They are all in the strong underground bunker headquarters at the moment.
Being underground does not affect the viewing, there are cameras everywhere.
"We now have a total of four nuclear explosive devices, two gun-type uranium bombs and two implosion plutonium bombs.
Their diameter is within 60 centimeters, their length is within 200 centimeters, and none weighs more than 2,000 kilograms.
Their size is completely can be made by "Some bombers carry and drop them," the person in charge, Major General Yu Jiancheng, said enthusiastically: "However, these four are used for test explosion test data, so they are all barrel-shaped atomic bombs, not air-dropped bomb designs.
It can’t be called an atomic bomb yet” "The diameter is within 60 centimeters, the length is within 200 centimeters, and it is less than 2,000 kilograms.
That's pretty good."
Wen Desi was very satisfied with this answer.
You must know that the first batch of official atomic bombs in the United States in the original time and space weighed more than 4,000 kilograms and were more than three meters long, so only B29 bombers could drop them.
There are two main reasons why China was able to make the atomic bomb so small from the beginning.
First, Wen Desi has enough time and does not need to carry out over-design with a high safety factor.
As long as it can explode and can test and collect data, it will be fine.
Secondly, there is a large amount of relevant information to provide opinions and research directions.
The guys from Institute 3508 of the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute have already played "subcritical test explosion" thousands of times.
The so-called "subcritical test explosion" is a test explosion that will not cause a nuclear explosion.
To put it simply, a nuclear bomb is removed from its uranium or plutonium core and replaced with a steel block of the same shape for test explosion.
This kind of test explosion that does not cause a chain reaction is a "subcritical test explosion."
In other words, this was a test explosion to test the effectiveness of the atomic bomb trigger group composed of explosive groups.
When the number of nuclear test explosions is sufficient and the relevant parameters are collected enough, there will be no need to conduct actual nuclear test explosions.
As long as subcritical test explosions are carried out, the design of the nuclear bomb can be slowly improved.
The characteristic of a subcritical test explosion is that it is essentially just an explosion of explosives, which is the same as the test explosion of artillery shells and bombs.
Therefore, only tens or hundreds of kilograms of explosives explode, so it cannot be detected, or it cannot be compared with ordinary explosions.
It was distinguished during the AAA bomb test explosion.
In fact, implosion compression is the most difficult step in atomic bomb design.
There are two main problems.
The first is how to make the explosives detonate at the same time or at a predetermined time, and the error accuracy must reach 0.11 microseconds.
The second is how to determine the shape of the explosive block so that the energy can be uniform or pressed toward the expected explosion center as required.
These two conditions will determine whether the atomic bomb can be effectively detonated, whether it can fully utilize the nuclear reaction material, and whether it can fully exert its power.
And this key technology has nothing to do with nuclear materials.
It can be carried out even without uranium or plutonium cores.
Therefore, a group of people can be specially assigned to be responsible for the development in parallel and at the same time as the refining of nuclear materials, so as to shorten the development time of the overall plan.
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From another perspective, if the detonation time can be precisely controlled, an atomic bomb with adjustable power can be made.
For example, adjusting the detonation time of some of the explosive blocks can change the final compression rate and compression shape, thereby reducing the power of the explosion.
The theoretical power limit of an atomic bomb cannot be increased due to the nuclear charge and original design, but it can be reduced.
Therefore, a 10,000-ton atomic bomb can be made into 10,000-ton, 8,000-ton, 5,000-ton, 3,000-ton, 1,000-ton atomic bomb by accurately adjusting the detonation time of each explosive block and reducing its power.
Grade selection.
This can be of great tactical use at some point.
Of course, to complete this kind of task, you must be a professional explosion and explosion expert, and ordinary people cannot do it.
Therefore, when the Institute of Nuclear Weapons was established, the central government set up a sub-critical test explosion team there, and filled it with dozens of explosives and demolition experts and pyrotechnics experts, plus a few more people who were responsible for assisting in focusing on surface calculations and studying detonation physics. mathematicians and physicists.
Their main task is to use lathes to mass-process steel blocks, copper blocks, tungsten blocks and other metals of different hardnesses in various shapes.
The shapes are mainly spherical or oval, and then design, manufacture and combine explosives of various shapes and properties. block, focus the explosive energy, and conduct implosion compression tests on these steel balls.
The purpose of this team's task is to design the shape and configuration of explosives that can compress a steel ball of a specified volume to the smallest amount with the smallest amount of explosives.
In addition, they also need to design various curved surfaces and focusing methods to enhance the effect.
In the seven years since the establishment of the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute, this group of people has conducted an explosion test every two days, averaging fifteen times a month.
So far, they have conducted more than 1,300 times.
Critical test explosion.
The result is that these people have mastered explosives, and they even claim to be able to blow up steel balls into any specified shape and size.
With this group of experts who specialize in playing with explosives for implosion, even before weapons-grade highly enriched uranium and plutonium appeared, the rough design of the core trigger group related to the atomic bomb had been completed, and they were constantly improving.
With this group of experienced implosion experts, coupled with a series of test explosion experiments and data collection, it would be strange if the size of the atomic bomb could not be reduced.
However, for Wen Desi, the atomic bomb was just the beginning, and he did not like this first-generation nuclear weapon.
Mr.
Wen doesn't like atomic bombs.
This is not out of humanitarianism.
He has always lacked the concept of humanitarianism in his mind.
The so-called humanitarian issues of using nuclear weapons were not within his scope of consideration.
In his view, the army is a violent machine, and killing people is their job.
It does not matter what method is used.
Whether it is killing people with swords and spears in ancient times or modern machine guns, cannons, airplanes and tanks, it is no better than using atomic bombs.
Killing is more humane.
The so-called view that nuclear, biological and chemical weapons should not be used, in his opinion, is either complete hypocrisy, or it is just a statement used to restrain opponents.
Because the atomic bomb is a powerful weapon, but its side effects are too strong.
He wanted to be a conqueror, not a destroyer.
If the territory he conquered became a ruin and could not be used for a long time, wouldn't it be a loss-making business?
Mr.
Wen had no interest in such a matter of destruction.
Therefore, for him, things like the atomic bomb are just technical reserves.
Anyway, there is still at least fifteen years of peace.
He is confident enough to develop follow-up products with much less side effects during this period.
Even if the cleanest fourth-generation nuclear weapons cannot be produced, the third generation will still be fine.
It only took the United States in the original time and space 18 years to go from the first generation of weapons to the third generation of nuclear weapons.
This was still under the condition of completely exploring on its own.
There is no reason why China, which has better conditions on this plane, cannot handle the third generation of nuclear weapons in fifteen years. generation of nuclear weapons
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