The fourth update is for the first fan of last month.
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The New Year passed quickly, and the Shangyuan Festival passed in a blink of an eye.
The Shangyuan Festival has passed, which means that the New Year is really over, and the festive and leisurely days are over, and the villagers put the New Year's horse wash into the bottom of the box again, and will take it out to wear again in the next New Year.
Changing into the usual white clothes with patches and washing, everyone began their daily work again.
Last year, many people worked in Zhang's house for a few months, and the money and grain they earned was not even less than what they farmed, and this year Zhang's family recruited more people.
Not only the workshop recruits, but also the ditch slope over there.
The Zhang family has a good reputation, and the wages are not in arrears, so this year, not only the villagers of Bailu Township came to work, but even some people from the next county and even a few counties also came here to ask for a job.
The people are never afraid of tiredness, they are not afraid of work, they are afraid of no gain.
There is still at least half a month before spring ploughing, and it is good to make some money during this time.
The Zhang family almost does not refuse to come, anyway, there are many places where the Zhang family has people.
Especially on the other side of the bath ditch, how many people are not afraid.
The dam is almost finished, but it still needs people to open the terraces, and people need to pick up the mud from the bottom of the ditch to the newly opened terraces on the slope.
Zhang's woodware workshop has recently recruited a lot of new carpenters, and they have been stepping up their efforts to make well cars and barrel cars all day long.
Bailu Academy also officially opened, and many people sent students over after the New Year, Zhang Chao finally had to add two new classes, and now the academy has a total of seven classes and three hundred and fifty students.
Fortunately, the college has been expanded before, and there is another building, and new dormitories and canteens, toilets, bathrooms, etc. have been built.
Zhang Chao, the mountain chief, finally recruited a few more gentlemen.
In addition to Zhang Chao and Ma Zhou, the two chief and deputy mountain chiefs of the academy now, there are fourteen gentlemen, and there are also seven school workers, who are responsible for cooking and cleaning.
The college is bigger and has more students, but it's still only one grade.
Zhang Chao ignored the objections of other gentlemen and formulated a syllabus for Bailu Academy.
There are seven courses: Chinese, Mathematics, History, Calligraphy, Painting, Music, and Physical Education.
Linguistics three-character scripture thousand-character text, this is the main course.
Mathematics arithmetic and abacus are also the main courses, and the rest of the classes are considered tutorial courses, with slightly fewer class hours.
"Why add those classes" "For the all-round development of morality, intellect and physique," Zhang Chao sat in the conference room of the academy and replied to the new teacher who raised questions.
"But they're just six-year-old children."
"Education has to start with the child."
Zhang Chao replied unceremoniously, "Zhou Libao's family, raising men with Taoism, is the six arts of teaching, one is five rites, two is six music, three is five shots, four is five royals, five is six books, and six is nine numbers."
Gentleman Six Arts, although the students of our academy are still young, but they also have to start from the baby, now teach some simple ones, and later will increase the curriculum, the purpose of our academy is to cultivate talents, only shake their heads and endorse, that is not called talents.
You have to learn piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and you also have to learn sports to strengthen your body."
If it weren't for this year, astronomy and geography would not be able to be studied by ordinary people, and Zhang Chao would be ready to add a geography and nature class.
Teaching, there must be some characteristics, otherwise it is simply called Zhang's private school, what is it called Bailu Academy.
On the first day of class, more than 300 students were given a book of three characters and a book of 1,000 characters, as well as a book of 3,000 years.
These books are all thread-bound books, but they are not manuscripts, but the first books printed by Zhangjia's printing brush.
A three-character scripture containing Zhang's family rules, a book of 1,000 characters, and the first volume of the upper and lower 3,000 years, all of which are about 1,000 words.
Through the efforts of Ke Baye, the three sets of engraving were completed before the year.
After the New Year, Zhang Chao and Ke Baye conducted their first trial printing.
Zhang Chao's improved printing ink was successfully hung on the wooden engraving.
The effect of the trial printing is good, printed on the paper, the ink does not spread out immediately, and it is also very clear.
Fortunately, it is a wooden engraving, and if it is a metal engraving, the ink will not be able to hang.
Although the ink is not perfect, it is already up to the task of engraving.
Zhang Chao's ink is more ordinary, with an extra material, wine.
He crushed the coarse loose tobacco, glue and liquor grinding, and mixed it into a paste, making a printing ink with a better printing effect.
With engraving and printing ink, Zhang Chao also bought a lot of paper, cut it, and then tried printing, proofreading, and inspection.
After a few minor tweaks and revisions, page after page of the book came out.
Finally, after the ink on the pages of the book has dried, it will be arranged and bound into a book.
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The thread binding style is adopted, and the book cover and bottom of each book are specially made of hard paper, and a special engraving is made for the book cover, and the blue seal ink is prepared.
For the first printing, Zhang Chao printed 1,000 copies of each of the three books.
Hundreds of people in the bookstore worked together, and it took nearly ten days to complete the printing and binding of these 3,000 books, during which there were still many defective products, the ink was stained, or some ink was not visible.
But on the whole, this new printing method still reflects high speed and speed. 3,000 books, a book with more than 1,000 words, a total of more than 3 million words.
If you want to copy it by hand, you need at least 100 copyists to complete it in 10 days.
Although there are a lot of people in Zhangjia workshop, there are mainly many people in the plate-making and engraving links, and there are not many people needed for real printing and binding, and the efficiency is very fast.
The most important point is that it is not easy to find hundreds of scribes to copy, and the cost is not cheap.
But Zhang Chao's engraving printing, as long as a few people write the manuscript, the engraving people do not need to be literate at all.
Cultivating an engraving worker is much simpler than cultivating a reader, and the cost of use is much lower.
Moreover, the engraving is well engraved and can be used many times, and the more books printed, the lower the cost.
The Zhang family printed 3,000 copies this time, and there were only a few damaged engravings, and most of them could still be used.
Three new books with the scent of ink were handed out to the students, most of whom did not know how amazing the book was.
But the dozen or so teachers who happened knew about it.
When they first saw that the Zhang family had brought thousands of books and wanted to distribute them to the students, they were just surprised that Zhang Shan had grown so bold that they actually asked someone to copy thousands of books for the children's enlightenment.
When they typed the first book, they found that the handwriting in this book was very clear, and the calligraphy was very good, and the lines were very beautiful.
But after reading it, I think it's a little strange.
Flipping through the second book, the third book, and reading many books in a row, they finally found an amazing place.
Each of these books is the same, exactly the same.
The same cover, the same page, not only the same size, but also the writing of each word is the same, as if carved out of a mold.
"Here's how it was done" To be able to come to teach at Bailu Academy, which is now famous in Chang'an, are all scholars with some skills, not to mention a great Confucian scholar, but they have also studied for at least 20 years.
They really couldn't imagine that such a powerful scribe could do this.
"It was never copied by a man, it must have been engraved."
"But isn't rubbing white on a black background?"
A new teacher with a goatee in his fifties stroked his beard and said, "Since you can carve a book with white characters on a black background, it is not strange to carve a book with black characters on a white background." ” A teacher held an open three-character scripture in one hand and compared it with each other, and sure enough, every page was exactly the same.
"It is true that this book may have been engraved, I really don't know how they did it."
"Yes, if it's really engraving, that's great.
You look at this font, actually use not block letters but line letters, as far as I know, whether it is engraved stele or engraving, this line of block is more difficult to engrave than block letters. ” The old man with the goatee said, "The block lettering font is correct, and it is easier to engrave one stroke at a time."
But the block letters look smoother and more comfortable, but the lettering is much more difficult.
These books are all the use of Wang Youjun Xingshu font, deep its essence, the pen is smooth, the chapter is sparse, the line is smooth, the changes are diverse but there is a law, simple and elegant and lively, the person who wrote the manuscript is a calligraphy master, and the person who carved this word also carved it as it was, the same powerful. ” "I just don't know how much it cost to print these books."
"Yes, if this method of engraving is not expensive, it is really a blessing for readers."
"I guess this method of engraving must be faster and cheaper than copying, otherwise, why would the mountain chief engrave thousands of books and not have people copy them?"
Goatee couldn't help but sigh, and he also saw one of the benefits of engraved books.
That is, it is accurate, and there will always be some mistakes in the books copied by people, and sometimes they cannot be discovered, so it is a false rumor.
But this kind of engraving, like the inscription, has a greatly reduced error rate.
There are more than 300 students here, each with a book, and the content of each book's book is exactly the same, and even this book can become a notebook.
Each book is written by a calligrapher, which is very pleasing to the eye, and you can learn his calligraphy along with it, which is really a double win.
"Awesome" Each student was given three books, a school bag, a pen, ink, paper, inkstone, an abathus, and a small bag of counting chips.
The old man with the goatee couldn't help but go to the mountain chief's public house to find Zhang Chao.
In the house, Zhang Chao was talking to Ma Zhou.
"Mountain Chief, excuse me.
There's something I want to ask about."
Zhang Chao smiled, he immediately guessed what this person wanted to ask.
"Mr.
Wang really wants to ask about this book" "Exactly, dare to ask the mountain chief, this book is engraved" "The book was printed using block printing."
Zhang Chao didn't hide it from him, anyway, as soon as the book was printed, he would definitely not be able to hide it, and he didn't want to hide it.
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"Engraving printing dare to ask, this kind of engraving printing, compared with hand-copying, what are the advantages and disadvantages?"
"If it is only less than 100 copies, engraving printing is not necessary, and the cost is too high.
But if there are more than 1,000 copies, then engraving printing is a complete victory, and the more the quantity, the less time and cost it takes to print engraving. ” The old man became excited, "Dare to ask, whose hand is this engraving printing now?"
"So-and-so."
Zhang Chaodao.
"Ah, it turns out that in the hands of the mountain chief, the old man has a reluctant request, please ask the mountain chief to announce this technique to the world for the benefit of the world's scholars."
Zhang Chao's face darkened suddenly, this is my exclusive technology, and I am about to make a lot of money, you let me make it public The old man wanted to say something more, but Zhang Chao couldn't listen to it anymore, hey, he really didn't have a little bit of copyright awareness.
It's all like this, what kind of innovation and invention, who is going to bother with that Recommend the book of the first genius of Hangzhou Dian: I planted in Dongying and stole the kiwifruit of the first emperor, I dare not say that some stones become gold, at least it is okay to pull out seedlings to help grow, and incarnate a boy to follow Xu Fu to farm, and explore the mysterious origin of the Dongying race. t1706231537: