The Chinese New Year is still a few days away, and Jingshi is full of people.
Merchants who are busy selling New Year's goods, and people who are busy purchasing New Year's goods.
There are also many officials who entered Beijing in purple and crimson green official robes, and nobles who were gorgeously dressed.
Of course, there are also many young people dressed in white.
Next year is the first year of Kaiyuan, and it is also the fourth imperial examination of the new imperial examination of the Tang Dynasty.
Thousands of people from all over the country gathered in Beijing, and there were 5,000 people who qualified for the examination, and thousands of scholars who came to observe the meeting.
The three universities of Hanjing, Guozijian, Jingshi University, and Jiangwutang have also been on winter vacation.
Many students do not return home for a few years of study, even though they are away from home.
It's a long way and it takes a long time.
The winter break for students is not long, and the school year will start soon after the year, so there is no delay.
During the Chinese New Year, I spent it in Hanjing, and the school was still responsible for food and lodging, so I took advantage of this free time to visit Hanjing, play around, meet friends with those who entered Beijing, or visit some officials and Confucians whom I admired.
Zhang Chao is dressed in ordinary white, but he is also very elegant, and he looks very much like a young professor at Guozijian or Beijing University.
In the afternoon, the winter sun is warm.
The streets are bustling with people, rubbing shoulders with each other.
Zhang Chao liked this atmosphere very much, and he kept looking at the pedestrians on the road to judge their identities.
Officials dressed in purple and crimson green, followed by soap or blue officials.
Or a nobleman with a lord's sword, followed by a knight's retinue with a knight's sword.
There were also merchants dressed in silk, followed by retinues in brown or green clothes, or burly guards with swords on their shoulders.
Or the Hanjing people who are dressed ordinarily, but have a straight back and a unique self-confidence and arrogance in their eyes.
There were also some workers dressed in the names of such and such factories embroidered on them, and they also walked in the crowd in twos and threes.
The white-clothed scholars often wore narrow and light swords at their waists, and held a folding fan in one hand, talking and laughing loudly, looking free and easy to point out the country.
Among the vast majority of black-haired and yellow-skinned people in the Tang Dynasty, there are also Hu merchants walking by on the street from time to time.
Some of them led horses, some of them led camels, some were blonde and blue-eyed, some were blue-eyed, and some were as dark as charcoal, and some had curly hair.
These people walk on the streets of Hanjing almost all have one characteristic, that is, with awe and yearning.
"Rock sugar gourd, sweet and sour and delicious rock sugar gourd" In winter, red hawthorn is afflicted with bamboo skewers and dipped in maltose syrup.
The syrup will quickly harden when it encounters the wind, and the red hawthorn fruit has a transparent layer of syrup on the outside, which tastes crisp and sweet, with a little sour taste and ice, which is deeply liked by the people, especially children.
A wooden stick is wrapped around a lot of straw and tied into a handful, and then a string of rock sugar gourds is stuck on it.
"How much is a string" Zhang Chao stepped forward with a smile.
The person who sold rock sugar gourds was an old man, estimated to be about fifty, with a face full of folds, but his eyes were bright.
"What kind of rock sugar gourd do you want, there are many kinds of rock sugar gourds here, there are red in the mountains, grapes, walnuts, and all kinds of them."
"Bring me all sorts of things."
The old man took out a bunch, with hawthorns, grapes, walnuts and other kinds on it.
"My rock sugar gourd is a good thing, it can be appetizing when eaten, it can also clear heat and detoxify, eliminate fatigue, and even nourish and increase wisdom."
"Let me tell you, even Xiao Langjun of Anguo Zhao's family ate my rock sugar gourd last time, and he said it was delicious."
Ke Qing couldn't help but want to laugh on the side.
Zhang Chao said, "Give my friend a string too, I want all hawthorn, he likes to eat sour." ” Take it, take a bite, it's sweet, crispy, and cold, and it really tastes good.
Especially this hawthorn fruit, the selection is very large, and this old man is quite honest in doing business.
Taking out the money bag, Zhang Chao asked the old man, "Your rock sugar gourd is still a little expensive, I remember that it was only sold for two cents a bunch last year." ” "There are also two articles and a string now, which is different from my family, first of all, my family uses the best maltose, and also adds expensive rock sugar.
Secondly, my rock sugar gourds are all pitted, which is more convenient and delicious for you to eat. ” Zhang Chao laughed.
Add rock sugar and add a little bit at will, you can use rock sugar as an advertisement to increase the price of his sugar gourd, the old man is really powerful.
As for the core, this is also a relatively smart business method, but it is just a core, and the number of sugar gourds has not increased, but the price has risen by fifty percent.
No matter how you calculate it, the old man is making a lot of money.
"Then I want to eat the nuclear, do you have it?"
"It's very hard for me to go to the nucleus, and the old lady at home is busy with her daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law."
Zhang Chao opened the money bag, which contained gold coins and silver coins, the new version of the gold coin was cast with the head of Cheng Qian, and the silver coin was cast with a dragon pattern.
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There are also copper coins, and there are several kinds, one is the Kaiyuan Tongbao issued during the Wude period of the Tang Dynasty, and the square hole copper coin.
The other is the Zhenguan Tongbao issued during the Zhenguan period, which is a copper dollar without a hole in the middle.
The last one is the latest new copper coin, which is minted with the words Datang Yuanbao and the back with ten words and two characters.
This new type of copper dollar is called dangten coins by the people.
One is two weights of ordinary Kaiyuan Tongbao, containing ninety percent copper, zero .8 white lead, and 0.2 tin.
A Tang ingot, when Kaiyuan Tongbao and Zhenguan Tongbao Shiwen.
In Zhang Chao's money bag, there are even a few old coins collected, including Sui Wuzhu meat, and Li Shimin ordered to mint ten and twenty iron coins.
However, now the imperial court has already ordered the recycling and prohibition of the circulation of iron money, and the circulation of old money such as Sui five-baht money is also prohibited.
The only copper coins allowed to circulate in the imperial court were Kaiyuan Tongbao and Zhenguan Tongyuan, as well as the Tang Yuan Yuan that is now inheriting the new dynasty.
In essence, Datang ingots are no longer purely traditional copper coins, which are semi-credit currencies.
It weighs twice as much as the original copper coin, but it is ten times as much as the original copper coin, which is equivalent to five times the value.
This copper coin was also issued because of the demand of the market.
After this year's boom, many people are worried about paper money, and they trust metal money more.
Although many merchants gradually choose to use paper money for the convenience of business, many ordinary people prefer to use copper money.
The demand for copper coins has increased greatly, but Datang's copper production is not high, but it has always been a bottleneck restricting the minting of copper coins.
Even though the imperial court had legislated to prohibit the use of copper in the manufacture of bronze utensils, it also prohibited the outflow of copper, and even the artillery in the army was made of iron.
In addition, a lot of copper was imported from overseas during trade, but copper was still seriously insufficient.
In the end, Zhang Chao proposed to cast this kind of ten coins, and then recycle all the five baht, Kaiyuan Tongbao, and Zhenguan copper yuan of the people within a time limit, and recast the ingots.
In this way, the existing copper has not increased, but the amount of money minted by copper coins can be greatly increased.
On the other hand, although this copper coin is equivalent to appreciation, because it still contains copper after all, compared to paper money, it can also appease the hearts of those people who do not trust paper money.
Of course, in order to avoid the people saying that the court robbed money.
Zhang Chao also proposed that the old money in the hands of the people can be exchanged for new money at a ratio of one to five.
In fact, the money in the hands of the people has not depreciated, and it will not be robbed by the imperial court.
Tongbao becomes ingots, gold and silver coins are also intended to be newly minted gold ingots and silver ingots, a gold ingot is worth ten silver ingots, and a silver ingot is ten copper coins.
Datang's silver production is very small, or even less than gold.
Therefore, for a long time in the past, the exchange ratio between gold and silver was between one to four and five.
However, in recent years, Datang's foreign trade, a large amount of silver has flowed into Datang.
The stock of silver has increased significantly, and the ratio of gold and silver exchange has also widened a lot.
Gold and silver are worth more and more, and gold is worth more than silver.
By adjusting the weight and composition of gold and silver coins when minting, the exchange ratio of gold and silver ingots that are about to be minted and circulated can reach one to ten, and silver and copper can also reach one to two to ten, which is more convenient to calculate.
In the past, one gold was exchanged for five silver, and one silver could only be exchanged for less than two coppers.
Now gold and silver are getting stronger and stronger, and copper coins are relatively depreciating because of the use of tens.
In the end, a new ingot, one gold ingot is worth ten silver ingots, and one silver ingot is worth ten copper coins.
Calculated carefully, a silver ingot, in fact, is still worth two copper coins in the past, the price has not changed much, but the price of gold has really risen a lot.
A gold ingot and a silver ingot weigh a full tael, each containing 0.88 gold and silver.
The old man's eyes were very sharp, and he saw all kinds of money in Zhang Chao's money bag at a glance.
His eyes lit up when he saw the gold and silver coins inside.
"Guest officer, it's good to give Kaiyuan Tong Poke" "Isn't ingots good, I still have treasure money."
"It's better to Kaiyuan Tongbao."
The old man didn't say that he refused to accept other money, but he still wanted Kaiyuan Tongbao.
"Soon Kaiyuan Tongbao will not be able to circulate, and then it will be exchanged for copper ingots, one to five, Tongbao can now be quite worth five yuan, my Wentongbao is worth five yuan, and six Wentongbao is worth thirty yuan."
The ingots have been issued, and the circulation of the BMW will be banned, and now the banks have begun to recycle them.
A pass treasure to exchange for five ingots, at this time to take the treasure as ordinary money, that is a loss.
The imperial court has cracked down on the minting of smuggling money quite severely, and even Zhang Chao's family has always had a special team for smuggling in the past, sparing no effort to investigate these people who mint counterfeit money and print counterfeit money.
Although it is said that in fact, the current coinage technology cannot be imitated by ordinary people at all, and it will only lose money if it imitates such exquisite coins.
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And the shoddy imitation is very easy to see.
However, there are still people who will receive fake money, and once the imperial court catches the fake money and sells fake money, the punishment is also very severe, and he is directly exiled to the frontier.
There is a big difference between the old man's collection of Yuan Tongbao and ingots, and this period of time is also a special period.
"I just feel good about Tongbao, I like it."
Zhang Chao just smiled, took two Kaiyuan Tongbao and handed them to the old man.
"One treasure is worth five yuan, one yuan treasure is ten, two strings of rock sugar gourd six yuan, I will give you two tongbao, and you will find me four yuan."
The old man originally thought that Zhang Chao was an out-of-town mover or something, but he hadn't figured out the twists and turns inside, but he didn't know that Zhang Chao was so clear.
After receiving two Kaiyuan Tongbao, but still having to recover four yuan, this is really a confusing business.
Fortunately, the old man also had a way, he took out the money bag from his arms, took out four small bills of one penny from it and handed them to Zhang Chao.
"Hahaha," Zhang Chao and Ke Qing turned around and left with a string of rock sugar gourds in the old man's resentful eyes.
In the future, you will not see Kaiyuan Tongbao and Zhenguan copper yuan on the market, and the future circulation is Kaiyuan ingots, and after the current ten copper yuan, it will be immediately issued as twenty denominations, and when five and two.
Twenty ingots weigh four coins, ten ingots weigh two coins, five ingots weigh one line, and two ingots weigh four cents.
There are no longer copper coins with a penny, and all pennies are switched to paper money.
The issuance of the new copper ingot, in fact, will not have any impact on the people, especially the imperial court taking into account the interests of those who have copper coins in their hands, and exceptionally proposed that Kaiyuan Tongbao and Zhenguan copper yuan should be exchanged for five texts according to one article, and after exchanging Kaiyuan Tongbao, the money in anyone's hand will not be taken away by the imperial court.
It's just that in the future, there will be no more copper coins themselves being more valuable than the face value, and it is impossible to make six or seven times the windfall profits of melting copper coins to make bronze ware.
Money will slowly develop towards credit money.
"It seems that the imperial court is in place to recycle the old money and issue new money this time, and everyone knows that the old money is worth a lot now."
Zhang Chao said with a smile while eating a rock sugar gourd, this is actually a good thing. t1706231537: