Before Zhenguan, the level of production was low, business activity was sluggish, and the war continued, so the chaos was even more chaotic.
There is a saying in the Han Dynasty that a husband does not plough or suffers from hunger, and a woman does not weave or suffers from cold, which is a manifestation of low productivity.
Most of the people in the country farmed at home, and the women had to weave cloth and make clothes for the whole family, which was basically a self-sufficient society in which men farmed and women weaved.
Because he was poor, he had nothing to spare.
If you don't have a balance, it doesn't have anything to do with money.
During the era of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were many wars, and the people were even poorer, and everyone was barely able to eat and drink, and they exchanged some necessities with each other without money.
The sporadic transactions of the people are all bartering.
Chickens, ducks, sent to the village for big food.
Buy a few catties of pork and buy some needlework, and also use wheat grain directly.
After Cao Pi came to power during the Three Kingdoms, he even simply abolished the money, and in the second year of Wei Huangchu, he openly ordered that the five baht money be abolished, so that the people would take the grain and silk as the city.
In the south, when it came to the Jin Dynasty, it was still more used in the valley.
In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the use of cloth in the south was more prominent.
In the north, the use of silk silk achieved an absolute advantage, replacing the valley as the first trading currency. entered the Tang Dynasty, and they were all money and silk.
The people bartered, and the court levied taxes in kind, and they received what they planted.
Up and down, there is very little time to use money, and although the shortage of all money is serious, life can still be lived.
But after Zhenguan, he reformed the currency system, greatly promoted industry and commerce, and even later collected money instead of collecting taxes in kind.
The volume of commodity transactions has increased significantly, the size of the economy has also increased significantly, and the demand for money has naturally increased significantly.
The court did not have enough money, and there was not enough copper, so paper money appeared.
When there was a crisis in the credit of paper money, the imperial court began to mint copper coins again, and even began to mint gold and silver coins.
The current set of metal money and paper money has replaced the strategy of combining silk and silk and money and silk in the past, and has made great contributions to the development of Datang.
Gold coins are used directly for bulk transactions, silver coins are usually used for ordinary people's shopping, and merchants prefer to use banknotes directly, which is easy to carry and easy to trade.
In the early dynasties, the eldest grandson Wuji proposed that coinage belonged to the power of the imperial court, and private coinage should be prohibited.
It is also stipulated that gold, silver and copper belong to national strategic materials and are prohibited from hoarding.
As soon as the eldest grandson Wuji's words came out, Fang Xuanling and other prime ministers were also surprised.
Such an important matter should be communicated in the cabinet first, but it can be raised directly at the court meeting so quietly, which is too unruly.
Surprise attack.
"Minister's opposition" Chu Suiliang directly went out and opposed it loudly.
Chu Suiliang was once called anxious by Zhang Chao, and as soon as the eldest grandson Wuji proposed to take back the coinage right, he immediately understood what he wanted to do.
In a way, it is of course a good thing that the coinage rights belong to the imperial court, but on the other hand.
The eldest grandson Wuji is about to start declaring war, and this time, he is going directly to Zhang Chao.
Besides, the original agreement was that this ingot currency was only a transitional currency.
These gold, silver and copper ingots will not be issued all the time.
If the imperial court withdraws the right to mint coins, I am afraid that the emperor may not necessarily issue new coins.
"Chu Suiliang, taking back the coinage right is what I mean, you tell me, I want to take back the coinage right, what's wrong and why not" Seeing that Chu Suiliang was the first to jump out to oppose it, Cheng Qian was disgusted unspeakably.
Seeing that no one was helping the eldest grandson, he had to stand up in person.
"Minting coins is the right of the state, how can you make friends with private individuals for a long time" Baiguan was surprised.
For a long time, everyone seems to be accustomed to the fact that the daily pilgrimage meeting is a ritual, everyone comes and walks around, and then they go back to their respective offices.
Everyone is accustomed to the fact that all major affairs of the court are decided by the cabinet, but they didn't expect that the emperor would stand up in person today.
For one thing, it's such a big deal.
Who doesn't know, although there are several coins nowadays, the biggest one is Zhang Chao.
Is the emperor going to attack the Zhang family directly?
It seems to be lively.
Some officials, who were originally drowsy, suddenly came to their senses.
Chu Suiliang couldn't find a reason to refute for a while.
Not to mention that since ancient times, the coinage power is mostly in the hands of the imperial court, even if it is not in the hands of the imperial court, the emperor really wants to grab it, what can others say.
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Just like the salt monopoly, from the Sui to the early Tang Dynasty, salt was also mined and sold by the common people, and no salt tax was added.
But later, the imperial court said that if you want to sell salt, and if you want to dry salt, you must first go to the imperial court yamen to apply for a license, and you have to pay a contract fee, and you have to pay business income tax or something for drying salt.
Then the salt that comes out of the sun can't be sold by itself, and must be handed over to the imperial court for unified purchase.
The imperial court bought the salt and sold it to salt merchants.
Salt merchants could only buy salt from the imperial court, and the salt they bought was directly added to the salt tax first.
Buying salt is equivalent to paying the salt tax first, and if the salt can't be sold, it will be a big loss.
The imperial court collected the salt from the salt people at a low price, and then increased the price, and then sold it to the salt merchants at a tenfold tax, which directly made huge profits, relying on this, just one salt, the imperial court now earns 40 million salt taxes a year.
If the people eat salt, they will spend more than ten times more money a year.
Now that the emperor is interested in the huge profits of coinage, and wants to take back the coinage right, what can everyone refute Cen Wenwen stood up at the right time.
If you can't oppose it directly, then let's take a detour.
"Your Majesty, the imperial court issued ingots before, which was used as a transitional currency.
Nowadays, the situation in various places has improved, the credit of banknotes has increased greatly, and the market is stable.
The court thought that the court could start issuing new coins. ” The so-called new coins are to increase the fineness of the currency and reduce the denomination.
It turned out that a gold ingot containing only eight gold coins had a face value of 100 copper coins.
The new gold coins will still weigh one penny, but the gold content will reach eighty percent, and at the same time, the face value will be reduced.
One gold coin will be worth twenty copper coins.
Compared with before the issuance of gold ingots, compared with gold and copper coins, the value of gold and copper coins has still appreciated by two and a half times, but it is no longer as terrifying as gold ingots.
One gold coin is equal to 100,000 copper coins, which is indeed too exaggerated, even if it is twenty copper coins, it is equivalent to 5,000 copper coins.
The face value of the new silver coins will also be reduced, and the fineness will also be changed to eight into eight, one or two heavy one, and one gold as five silver.
Compared with the past gold, silver and copper 1 to 5 to 8, the gold and silver ratio has not changed, but one silver is worth four copper, and silver is about three times higher than copper.
Gold and silver have risen about three times against copper, and the gold-silver ratio has not changed.
In the new currency, copper coins will be abolished as 20 and 10 coins, and 2 and 5 coins will be retained.
In this way, excluding the depreciation factor of copper coins, in fact, gold, silver and copper have basically recovered to the exchange rate of Zhenguanchu.
The advantage of this is to avoid the imperial court from extracting a large amount of wealth from the people through coinage.
The restoration of the original exchange rate also makes the credit of the banknotes more reliable, which plays an important role in guaranteeing the economy of the entire Datang.
The old gold, silver and copper ingots were recycled and renamed gold, silver and copper dollars, and the profits of coinage were no longer so high, and the credit of the currency was stronger.
Cen Wenwen saw that the emperor was determined, so he also directly used the trump card, which was originally intended to implement the new currency system, but now it is a little earlier.
Cheng Qian also thought that by recovering the coinage right, he could increase the minting income by 30 million a year, but it was mixed up by Chu Suiliang and Cen Wenwen, and even if it was successfully recovered, the income of 30 million would drop to five or six million.
This is simply deliberately difficult to get along with him, the emperor.
When the Zhang family made a lot of money from coinage before, why didn't you say it, now I want to take back the coinage right, and you say that you want to change the coin.
Gold ingots are changed to gold dollars, silver ingots are changed to silver dollars, copper ingots are changed to copper dollars, change a word, all the issued ingots have to be recycled and recast, tossing and turning, and finally the profit of coinage is almost ninety percent less.
It's good not to see me.
If you really want to count, it's better not to recycle.
At least the original Zhang family made a lot of money, and the imperial court collected a lot, and they could receive forty percent of the tax, and they could receive more than eight million yuan of tax from the Zhang family alone.
It is not counted as earned by the court itself.
Now, if the coinage right is withdrawn, the amount of coinage in a year remains the same, but even if there is no additional tax deduction, a total of only 6 million yuan can be earned, which is less than half of the income in a year.
This damn lucrative business was turned into a loss-making business by him Cheng Qian couldn't figure it out.
These prime ministers, all of them are fucking unable to get along with me.
He's really hard to ride a tiger now.
The cruel words of the recovery of the coinage rights have been released, and it will not work if it is not withdrawn at this time.
But once you take it back, you will lose 6 million a year, which is not a ghost But Chu Suiliang and Cen Wenwen sang and harmonized, saying that this ingots were changed to yuan, which had been decided a long time ago.
It's a group of ancestors, and they don't have to worry about anything.
I'm not here for the world.
By the way, it seems that in the Zhang family's mint, there are also Chu Suiliang and Cen Wenwen.
They won't get any benefit, and they won't let me get it.
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In the end, they got a good name.
Cheng Qian felt that he had underestimated these people, Jiang was still old and spicy.
He quickly thought of countermeasures in his heart, he couldn't just forget it, and he couldn't do loss-making transactions.
If you want to lose, everyone loses together.
He is calculating an account, and he has studied with Zhang Chao for many years, and he is very good at mathematics and can directly perform mental arithmetic.
If, the imperial court did not take back the right to mint money, private coinage would be allowed, but these private individuals would first be required to obtain a special operating license, and then the mint would be heavily taxed.
So, isn't it more cost-effective?
If the new currency can be minted in a total of 6 million a year, the imperial court will levy a high tax, for example, first levy a special seigniorage of 50%, and then levy a business income tax of 20%, and the tax will be 4.2 million a year.
It seems to be relatively good not to have to run and manage it yourself.
If you manage gold, silver and copper materials, you may be able to make some money.
The imperial court made a profit of five million yuan a year, and the mint made a profit of one million.
Although the imperial court made a million less, it saved the trouble of operation and management, and another advantage was that the province had to guard against private casting.
Calculate it, but it's still a loss.
At least the original imperial court could collect more than 10 million taxes and profits a year, but now it has become 5 million, which is not a loss.
I was unwilling, and I finally thought I had found a breakthrough, but it turned out to be a lose-lose situation He lost 10 million a year, and Zhang Chao lost 20 million a year, one losing more than the other, this is the same way to end up.
Thinking about it, Cheng Qian still felt that at least Zhang Chao was more at a loss than him.
He lost 10 million a year, but Zhang Chao lost 20 million a year.
Besides, the prime ministers are so resolute, the currency must be changed.
Anyway, if you want to lose, at least let Zhang Chao lose a little more.
"Since Prime Minister Chu and Prime Minister Cen are so opposed to the imperial court taking back the right to mint coins, then I will not take back the right to mint coins for the time being according to the words of the two prime ministers.
In addition, regarding the issuance of a new currency, I also believe that the time has come.
The cabinet discussed the matter of the new currency with the Taifu Temple, the Shaofu Supervisor, and the Central Bank. ” "The new currency will be minted by the mints of several banks such as the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, but the tax rate needs to be adjusted again." t1706231537: