It was the Peacock River that made Loulan City prosperous, and it was the Cherchen River that made the mud city built, which can be said to have given birth to the "father" and "mother" of Lop Nur.In this year, the Cherchen River was called "Agnòu Dashui", which originated from the snow-capped mountains of the Kunlun Mountains and the Altun Mountains, rushed down the plateau, and flowed towards the Tarim Basin.Its upstream area is only suitable for grazing because of the lack of precipitation in the mountainous areas, the small river runoff, the salt crust near the riverbed, and the high degree of desertification around it, so only Xiaowan, a small country with a population of more than 1,000, feeds itself by raising goats.But in the lower reaches of the mud area, the soil quality is better, and several rivers merge into several lakes, forming a vast oasis.In the height of summer, the reeds, red willows, poplars and scorching grasses are lush and green, and waterfowl and livestock breed in the surrounding area, which also lays the foundation for agriculture.In addition to the small plots of land scattered by the Loulan people on both sides of the river, a large area of land has been newly reclaimed this year on the flat land in the east of the city, which is 500 to 600 mu wide, and a forest belt to prevent sand has been planted, and there are many wheat fields, ditches to divert water, and waterlogged dams.Next to it is built a large dock yard, the size and the layout inside is similar to the hanging spring, but there are more pottery kilns, animal pens, here is not only the residence of the tuntian pawn, but also the fortress, the post station.This was built by Ren Hong with fifty soldiers with the help of the people of Mud City.In the early morning of this day, Ren Hong stretched his body and just went out, thinking that he was early, but immediately saw Tian Guan "Song Litian" squatting on the edge of the field.Because he bends over in the field all the year round, Song Litian's body is a little rickety, and he doesn't wear a scarf, he wears a flat bun, a wooden hairpin, a few white threads in his black hair, always wears a short beat, a sickle is inserted in his waist, and his legs are held high, but there is not much hair on his legs.Ren Hong is a squire and a mud squire, and the officials under his command must obey his orders, but what Ren Hong is afraid of is that it is this Song Litian.Song Litian was a farmer sent by Dunhuang County to assist Ren Hong in Tuntian, and when he first arrived, Ren Hong also wanted to show off the knowledge of later generations and point out the old farmer to compost or something.After all, Ren Hong saw in Dunhuang that the people used fresh manure for farming, and thought that this technology had not yet been invented.As a result, Song Litian looked at Ren Hong like a fool, and his thin lips were merciless: "Ren Shilang, do you think that the old man Litian has been so old that he can't even tell the difference between cooked dung and raw dung?"
”Ren Hong Great Khan, it seems that the level of agricultural science and technology in different regions of the Han Dynasty is uneven, which is embarrassing.After that, he said no more, agriculture is the most patient and urgent thing in the world.And many times, experience trumps theory.A college student doesn't necessarily know more about the crops in the field than an illiterate old farmer.What's more, this Song Litian is knowledgeable, when he was young, it was said that he had worked under Zhao Guo, the commander of Sosu!
He also held the official position of Litian in Zhangye Juyan, and was born as an orthodox agricultural official.It's just that later because of the violation of the law, he was deprived of his position, assigned to Dunhuang, and engaged in the Yumen Governor's Mansion, and now the Han Dynasty wants to re-establish Tuntian in the Western Regions, so Song Litian was sent over.Song Litian has a gloomy face all day long, rarely has a good word, and is good at drinking, singing drunk, but drunk and drunk, in agricultural affairs, he has never crossed over.At this moment, he pinched the sesame pod and said to Ren Hong: "At the latest, half a month at the latest, this flax will be ripe." ”This Song Litian does have two brushes, not only did he arrange for people to dig a manure tank and gather human and animal manure to pile up cooked manure, but he also knew that planting sesame seeds in the raw land could have miraculous results."
Planting flax in the wasteland can cause the roots to rot and weeds to grow up for a year.I don't have to let the squire teach me this, Captain Sosu has long known, he said, flax is to grass and trees, if tin is to hardware, sex is also systematic. ”The flax growth cycle is very short, as the flowering section gets higher and higher, after three or four months, the pod will automatically burst open when it matures, revealing the fragrant flax seeds inside.For the rest of this year's farm work, Song Litian has been arranged, and he said to Ren Hong: "Around the beginning of autumn, we will plant wheat, and when we open spring next year, we will also plant some millet and millet."
The seeds should be used locally, and if they are sown with Dunhuang wheat seeds, I am afraid that they will not be subject to water and soil. ”Wheat is the main crop of Loulan, but it also hybridizes millet, millet and other grains, Ren Hong has seen Loulan people in addition to Hu cakes, but also eat ground baked corn cakes, cooked millet porridge.However, in the language of the Loulan people, except for wheat, other crops are generally called "grains", which shows that the status of wheat is unique.Song Litian took a sip of wine, stood up and pointed to the vast field, as if this was a picture scroll for him to sway: "The land is flat and big, just suitable for making big tools, ploughing with oxen, and using Zhao Duwei's method of replacing the field!"
”Dai Tian method, this is the late years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, invented by Zhao Guo, the commander of Sosu, when the Han Dynasty launched expeditions to the outside world year after year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and a large number of buildings, the people were too much, so that there were a large number of displaced people in the eastern part of the country, thieves were everywhere, and many of the people of Qi were forced to live by heavy labor, and abandoned the fields and fled into the mountains and forests, which led to the "halving of the household registration".Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued the Luntai edict, woke up and decided to do a good job in agriculture and solve the livelihood problems in the world.But of course, half of the people are not dead, but the land has been abandoned a lot, and the traditional small farmers have been slow to turn down the low furrows, so Zhao Guo tailored the "Daitian Method" for the large-scale cultivation of state-owned farms!
The details of this method do not need to be detailed, anyway, the result is good, and the yield can increase the yield by one stone!
It also saves labor, as the so-called "less effort and more grain".The Han Dynasty's agricultural official system was more mature than that of the Qin, and after Sosu Duwei found a recipe to increase production, he ordered the three elders of Guanzhong, Litian and Lifu to learn advanced experience, and at the same time, under the auspices of the imperial court, promoted the Tunshu Field, which was mostly government-run in the sparsely populated border counties.The reason why the Han Dynasty was able to recover from the desolation of the last years of Emperor Wu in just ten years is that the Dai Tian Law has a great merit!
Therefore, Zhao Guo was called "Yuan Longping of the Han Dynasty" by later generations, which is well deserved.Of course, Zhao Guo's achievements are not only this, in his creation, there are also sowing cocoon carts, improved ploughshares, and two oxen lifting bars.From this time on, the word bar lifting was born.They are all good things that can be used for 2,000 years without falling out of date, and can stand the test of time.The more Ren Hong listened, the more he admired, but he also asked Song Litian a question: "Song Litian has been a farmer, have you ever heard of a person named Yan Shengzhi?"
”"Victory?"
Song Litian shook his head, he had never heard of this name."
It should also be a person of this era, and he is also a farmer."
Ren Hong muttered secretly, maybe he was still young and unknown?
Although Zhao Guo was very great, the Daitian method, after all, was more suitable for the large-scale operation of the state-owned farm, and the imperial court iron officials cast large tools for the Daitian method, such as a large iron plough equipped with a ploughshare, which was not very convenient for small farmers to use in their own small fields.And in Ren Hong's view, the Daitian method is still not perfect and not intensive enough.If the main small peasant families of the Han Dynasty want to increase their production, they still have to count on Yan Shengzhi, who wrote China's first agricultural book.It was Zhao Guo and Bi Shengzhi, the two agricultural masters who led the agricultural revolution of the Han Dynasty and made the population of the Central Plains soar to 60 million!
This is a terrifying situation when there is basically no development in the south of the Yangtze River.Ren Hong expected that Yan Shengzhi was a contemporary of himself, but he had not yet emerged.Far water can't quench the thirst of the near, whether the mud tuntian can achieve self-sufficiency within a year, and can supply the past missions and soldiers within two years, it depends on Song Litian, Ren Hong at most put forward a little bit of opinions such as transforming the straight plow into a curved plow.During lunch at lunch, Ren Hong and Song Litian said one thing."
Song Litian, I have seen in recent days that the farm tools used by the people of Loulan are very old, and they are still using wood to plough the land, and they don't know what to plow the field, let alone oxen ploughing.""
When we plant wheat after autumn, if we have leisure, we can lend the inexhaustible iron plough to King Shanshan, and then teach them the methods of lifting bars and accumulating fat on the two oxen, so that we can get more grain with less effort."
As long as he doesn't know how to pretend to understand laymen and guide insiders in agricultural affairs, Song Litian still listens to Ren Hong in major matters, and he has no opinions.But Lu Jiuyu, who was the translator, was a little puzzled and raised his hand.This is the rule that Ren Hong set for them, if you have something to say, you have to raise your hands one by one, don't gossip."
Ren Jun, it is feasible to lend an iron plough at a high price, but I don't understand, why do you want to teach the rest of the farming skills to the Loulan people for nothing?
If you fatten them, it will do us no good. ”"Who says it's no good?
Think long-term. ”Ren Hong reasoned with them."
Although Fu Gong ordered me and Xi Chongguo to be in Loulan Tuntian, it would be good for us to be self-sufficient in the short term.How to transport grain from Dunhuang?
It is impossible to pass through the white dragon pile, ten stones of grain are distributed, people eat horses and chew, and I am afraid that there is only one stone left when I arrive. ”"So within two years, the food of the Han army still depends on Shanshanguo.""
In the past, it was difficult for the southern provinces to supply the Han envoys, and there were many complaints when more than 100 people passed by, just because the oasis city had little land and the yield of grain per mu was also small, so it was barely enough for their own food.If you can teach the method of the Force Field, so that the output of wheat and millet can be increased, there will be a surplus supply to the Han army. ”Loulan Shanshan is the first stop of the Han Dynasty to return to the Western Regions, is the bridgehead, only if the place is well managed, there is a surplus of grain, there is the possibility of continuing to expand outward.Therefore, Ren Hong believes that Loulan Shanshan can be regarded as a county of the Han Dynasty, and the advanced agricultural technology existing in the Central Plains will be popularized, and this thing will naturally spread extremely slowly, and if it is not actively promoted, cattle farming will not be transmitted in another five hundred years.Of course, he also has his own principles: first, the core technologies of the Han Dynasty such as silkworm raising and steel casting must be strictly controlled, and they must not go out of the Jade Gate!
Second, don't mess around with inventions in the Western Regions for the sake of being quick for a while, pretending to be forced for a while, and for the sake of small troubles that can be solved by normal means!
The Western Regions were crossroads of many Ming dynasties, such as the ancient city of Milan to the east of the mud, where later generations found North Indian characters, Persian coins, Greek angels, Gandhara Buddha statues, and even Roman-style cloth.The new things you have come up with may not be welcomed by the Central Plains, but they may flow westward, and thus have a drastic impact on world history!
It is so hard to press needlework and thread every year, but he makes wedding dresses for people.When the time comes, the East will not shine and the West will not shine, and that will be the real big trouble.Of course, it is impossible for Ren Hong to say this.He said righteously: "The Huns are not greedy enough, and they only know how to extort and enslave Loulan, and ask them to pay for cattle and horses every year. ”"But the Han Dynasty is a state of etiquette, bringing peace and order to Shanshan, and there will be abundant granaries and prosperous trade routes in the future.""
Our Tuntian scholars, unlike the Hun servant captains, are not saboteurs.""
It's the builder!"
A remark, both a great truth and a practical benefit, persuaded Lu Jiuyu and other officials.Ren Hong plans to wait for tomorrow, when King Shanshan ascends the throne, he will announce the Han Dynasty's technical assistance to Shanshan at the banquet, and say this to the noble people of Shanshan.The Han Dynasty returned to the Western Regions, and these officials who went deep into foreign lands not only had to settle the fields, but also to be the propaganda team of the Han Dynasty's peace policy and the seeding machine of the advanced Ming!
But at this moment, there was a translator from Shanshanguo outside who hurriedly came and reported to him: "Ren Shilang, something is wrong." ”The chief translator bowed down anxiously: "Please go quickly and persuade King Shanshan!"
”PS: The second chapter is in the evening.Luoyang Jialan Ji records Loulan and the last area: "There can be hundreds of residents in the city, the land has no rain, the water is broken to plant wheat, I don't know how to use cattle, and the fields are cultivated." ”