Of course, the conversation could not be carried out by the dung pond where the breath was full of stench, but moved to the edge of the field, and the servant wanted to hold a screen to give Ren Hong shade, but he refused, and only huddled under the shade of a large locust tree with everyone.The black-faced Yan Shengzhi still had beads of sweat on his face, and in the face of the sudden Xi'anhou, he behaved a little wooden, and he was not very able to speak, asking and answering.Fortunately, he has read and read, which is a skill that most Litian does not have, and it is no wonder that after a few decades in history, he will be able to write books and speak and have a clear understanding of what he does."
I heard that the yield per mu in Fanshui Township has been the first in the county for several years, how did you do it?"
Ren Hong asked him.He bowed under the victory and said: "Without him, just follow the twelve words of fun time, and soil, manure, service, early hoeing, and early acquisition." ”As soon as he mentioned farming, he immediately became more talkative, and explained the twelve words he had summarized since he was a child by his father's side.When the timing was chosen, "Japanese soil" became the core of agricultural production.That is, the use of tillage, hoeing, leveling, and other methods to eliminate soil clods, so that the strong soil is weak, and the weak soil is strong, so as to keep the soil soft and fine."
In early spring, the weather begins to be smooth, and it is suitable for ploughing the hard black soil, and after ploughing, the clods are ground up.After repeating this, the hard black soil becomes loose and soft. ”"When the apricot blossoms are in full bloom, it is suitable for cultivating light and weak soils, and after ploughing, they are suppressed with heavy objects or trampled by livestock, so that the light and weak soils that are too loose can become firm."
This is the way to improve the soil quality, the energy of the land is limited, but also "manure", divided into base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing, the fertilizer used in different periods is particular, the cooked manure in the manure pond is used for top dressing, this is the method to increase the yield per mu of the water township.Hearing that the manor of the Hou family in Xi'an was also manure and manure, Pan Shengzhi was not surprised, but admitted that he had learned it a few years ago when he found that some old farmers had secretly used this method to fertilize the land and grind it hard."
Don't hide from the princes, the hometown is lacking and the people are numerous, the places that can be opened have been leveled into the ground, only a little mountains and deep forests are left, the people are hungry, and they don't want to increase production, they can't feed more and more people, although the breach of the big river is blocked, but Jiyin is still flooded and drought, and the subordinates are the power of the field, if they starve to death, they will be to blame, and they have to find a way to dig more food from the ground."
Indeed, in an area like Jiyin, where there are many people and narrow areas and food is insufficient, if you don't try to increase production, there will be human tragedy after a long time.Hunger, a beast that has been following closely since the human ancestors were still on all fours.It was the human ancestors who forced the hunter-gatherer to migrate all over the world, because the hunter-gatherer required an incomparably vast area to feed a small population.But this kind of life is too unstable, hunting is too lucky, and when there is nothing, it is hunger, forcing human beings to start to attack those things that they did not eat before, and the ancestor of millet dog tail grass, wild wheat, and wild beans are all stuffed into the mouth, and that may be the era when Shennong tasted a hundred herbs.Because of the fear of hunger, humans even began to learn from squirrels, and kept the seeds of wild grains that could not be eaten in the abundant autumn for emergencies, and by some accident, they were accidentally sown around the tribe, trampled by people and animals, and watered by rain, and a grain grew there the next year, and agriculture was born.When agriculture yielded more food than hunting, so did settlement, and humans no longer had to spend all their time looking for food, knowing that food was there, growing in fields and livestock pens.People could spend more time on other things: weaving, tanning, pottery, talking, enclosing villages with walls, preventing other tribes from coming to grab food, and then there were occupational divisions, class differences, and nations.But the beast has never gone away, has been wandering around, the stable life has made the population continue to increase, the pressure on food is increasing, once it encounters natural and man-made disasters, food has become a problem, all the illusion of clarity will fade, and the ground will be full of messes after killing each other.As a result, human beings still could not relax, and continued to hone their ability to produce food, iron and bronze replaced wood and stone tools, and in technology, from slash-and-burn cultivation to intensive farming.During the Warring States period, there was a ridge method, in which the fields were divided into ridges and furrows, and crops were planted on the ridges.On this basis, during the Xiaowu period, Zhao Guo implemented the field method, dividing the cultivated land into a ditch and a wall, and changing it every other year, so that there is no need to fallow and make the greatest use of the land.Talking about this, the persuading farmer Peng Shi of Jiyin County saw that Ren Hong had a lot of appreciation for Pan Shengzhi, and he was a little flustered.If Pan Shengzhi is promoted by the prince and recommended to the top, the county government and even the big Si Nong will definitely sell the face of the Marquis of Xi'an and reuse it, and he will not be able to run away with the crime of burying talents.When encountering such a thing, the first reaction of the bureaucracy is to throw the blame.So he straightened his face and took the lead in challenging the county Tian Qifu: "Tian Qifu, there is such a talent under your rule, why don't you recommend it to the county?"
For several years in a row, the production of water towns has been abundant, why not reward it?
”Tian Qifu shouted wrongedly: "How dare the subordinates be jealous of the virtuous?
It's just that the county let the power field and the old people who are good at the field receive the field tools, learn to cultivate and raise seedlings, and practice the field method.But Fan Shengzhi is a force field, but he privately changed the law of Dai Tian, and the subordinates did not punish him for violating the order, how can he recommend it?
”But this Tian Qifu has narrowed the road, admits death, and only respects the will of the lord.This is the reason why Ren Hong specially ran a trip, the Daitian method was implemented very well in Guanzhong, Sanfu and Hexi, and the production capacity per mu increased a lot, and his manor also used this method, which has been named the only way to increase production for decades, but I didn't expect a small force field to dare to challenge the authority and improve the Daitian method privately.Ren Hong looked at Pan Shengzhi and asked him why he wanted to change, the way of Pan Sheng: "Dai Tian is a coupling plow, and many people plough 30 acres a day, and 13 acres if there is less.However, most of the townships are small farmers, the fields are divided from generation to generation, scattered and broken, one acre in the east and one acre in the west, and there is a lack of cattle. ”There is some truth to this, and sometimes new production technologies do not necessarily make the world more equal, but rather increase inequality.Asking the people why they don't plough with oxen and practice the law of substituting the fields is like asking the hungry people why they don't eat minced meat.Generally, small yeoman farmers can barely make ends meet, and they have little surplus, and it is difficult to afford to buy cattle that cost tens of thousands of dollars.The Shirota method had little impact on them and benefited little from it.The biggest beneficiary is a large landowner like Ren Hong, who can invest a lot of cattle and manpower to rotate crops on a large area of land.The powerful princes who are profitable to farm the land will have more financial resources and motivation to merge, and the local government is even secretly supporting that since small farmers only pay so much land rent, it is better to let the powerful princes plant.The overall wealth of the country is increasing, but the families of small farmers are going bankrupt and losing their land, becoming slaves and vagrants, and this is not uncommon in human history.The imperial court also took some remedial measures, such as issuing an edict to reduce or reduce part of the rent when the disaster occurred, giving public land to the homeless or landless poor, and lending them for planting and food, but they were all a drop in the bucket, and the balance was completely tilted in favor of the powerful landlords, who represented the advanced productive forces!
Tian Guan's intention was to forcibly promote the Tian Law, but the effect was not great, and the good law became an evil law.Under such circumstances, it is indeed commendable that Pan Shengzhi can still focus on the life and death of small farmers, and find ways to increase production for them, or grow gourds and other non-staple foods to solve their livelihoods.There was no basis for his words, so he led Ren Hong and others through the ridges and acres to see the "method of the district" that he had pondered for ten years.When I arrived at the place, I found that it was actually a field on a small slope, so it looked very narrow, which was completely different from the flat land connected to Haoyou's house.Ren Hong pointed and said, "Why should this acre be opened on the slope?"
”Yan Shengzhi was a little complaining: "The subordinates pleaded with the county, but because of the private change of the law of replacing the field, they were not allowed to use the public farmland, and could only cultivate on the slope where no one was around. ”This made Tian Qifu's face red, but fortunately, Yan Shengzhi did not continue to chase deeply, and only talked about his improvements.A little demonstration of the victory, the specific method, the first is to dig deep as an "area", which means a depression under the ground level, and sowing dense planting."
For example, planting millet in a ditch is two rows of millet in each ditch, with a row spacing of five inches.The size, depth, circumference and distance of the ditch vary with the different crops planted, and the seeds are sown with manure before sowing. ”He also explained the benefits of the cultivation of seeds, and the application of heavy fertilizers in the area, such as millet, wheat, soybeans, etc., should be applied to each area with one liter of manure, far more than the generation field.Finally, the district field method also had to focus on cultivating and weeding, protecting the business, and irrigation, which was not much different from the farming techniques in the countryside two thousand years later.The Daida method is already intensively cultivated, but compared with the district field method, it seems to be extensive.Finally, he said: "The reason why this method is convenient is that it is not limited by the terrain, and the area is beautiful with dung, and it is not necessary to be good land."
The mountains and mausoleums near the high-risk slopes and the hills of the city can all be districts. ”Ren Hong understood that the field method in this area is basically the road taken by China's agriculture in the next two thousand years, concentrating manpower and material resources on a small area of land, intensive cultivation, drought prevention and harvest protection, and seeking high yields per unit area.The Chinese rely on this "stupid" method to increase the population little by little, although the average arable land is very small, but they know how to make good use of every inch of land.Relying on hard work, the yield per mu will be increased little by little, until the end of the Ming Dynasty reaches the limit, and new crops must be introduced to feed more people.If in Dunhuang and other places, manpower is scarce, of course, it is not suitable.However, in Jiyin and Kanto, where arable land is saturated and the population is prosperous, the ward field method seems to be tailor-made.If there is really a high yield per mu, the homesteaders can maintain their families with their own small plots of land, which is simply a panacea to save them from the brink of bankruptcy.It is not possible to liberate only the productive forces of the powerful official land, without taking into account the real basis of the empire, the small yeoman farmers.Persuading Nong Pengshi to start glaring at Tian Qifu in the county again: "Tian Qifu, such a wonderful method, why don't you hide it?"
”In a word, it's not my responsibility anyway.Tian Qifu was anxious, refused to accept the pot honestly, and was still arguing for himself: "Xi'an Hou, the subordinates have also come to see it, but they only feel that this method costs a lot of manpower, but the grain production is not necessarily high, and there is not much gain in the Daitian method, so it has not been reported." ”Yan Shengzhi was not convinced: "The yield per mu of sloping underground fields is no less than that of the upper fields in the county. ”He also knew that it was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to arouse the idea of the Marquis of Xi'an today, so he simply bypassed Tian Qifu: "The subordinates dare to ask the prince and Tian Peng for permission, let me try planting in the best field in the county!"
Compared to the ordinary Shirota method. ”The young man is on it, Ren Hong said with a smile: "The black raccoon and the white raccoon, if you can catch a mouse, you are a good raccoon, in my opinion, Daida District has its own merits, and you can't discuss the advantages and disadvantages." ”"But the question is, how many rats can you catch, black beaver?"
Yan Shengzhi gritted his teeth: "The subordinates have calculated, as long as it is not on the slope and there is enough manpower and manure, the yield per mu will definitely increase several times or even dozens of times." ”"One acre of upfield can harvest 100 stones of millet, 51 stones of millet in Zhongtian, and 28 stones of millet in Xiatian!"
As soon as these words came out, the unlucky county Tian Qifu who was secretly unlucky was suddenly overjoyed, and he was looking for his own death.And persuade Nong Pengshi and Lu Guangsu and others to be shocked, you know, the best land in Guanzhong, the yield of corn per mu is only about four stones, I only heard that Zhao Guo personally cooked the land has a rumor of ten stones per mu, but the descendants have never reached it, this is victorious, a mouth will be increased tenfold?
Ren Hong, who was taking the scoop of water, was choked directly, and he couldn't hold back a mouthful of water sprayed on Yan Shengzhi's face!
He suddenly understood why Pan Shengzhi had such ability, but in history, he had to mix up until he was seventy or eighty years old to get ahead, without him, bragging was too much!
What is the concept of 100 stone millet?
When weighing grain, stone is a unit of volume, according to the quality conversion, equivalent to more than 4,000 catties in later generations, a catty in the Han Dynasty is 256 grams, it is more than 8,000 catties, and then considering that the Han mu is only equivalent to less than one-third of the acre, not to mention the Han Dynasty, even in the 21st century, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are on the gold and grass together, and the millet in the experimental field does not have this yield.Ren Hong was patted on the back by Lu Guangsu, looking at Fen Shengzhi, who was blowing the cow into the sky, his mood was a little complicated, and he just wanted to persuade him: "Young man, be a man, be honest, it is not advisable to produce 10,000 catties per mu!"
”PS: The autumn harvest is different from three liters of millet, and the mu harvest is hundred.The eldest male and female rule ten acres.Ten acres of thousands of stones.Thirty-six stones are eaten annually, and twenty-six years are supported.The Book of Victory has indeed blown too much.