Moistened by the Cherchen River, the Shanshan Oasis is no less fertile than a canal plow, with lush shrubs and lush forests.But water and trees are still the most precious things here, and King Shanshan was not stupid enough to copy the Han law in terms of law, but continued the oral law of the Loulan era.Whether it is irrigation of farmland or domestic water, it is uniformly allocated by the water priests, and the water outlet of the main channel connecting the villages is fixed, and the random release of water will be punished.And he stipulated that without the king's permission, he cut down a living tree, and punished a horse, and cut down a branch, and punished a cow.But this is a restriction for the common people, and there will always be a privileged class who can overstep the law, no matter where they are.Needless to say, King Shanshan was always surrounded by living water in his court, and in recent years he has been building a lot of timber and cutting down a lot of timber, and the nobles who own the vineyards also have a share of the trees cut down every month.Since last year, a third privileged class has appeared in Shanshanguo: the disciples of the Academy.As the "Taifu" invited by the king of Shanshan Sangu Loulan, Huan Kuan, a native of Runan, is taking four or five disciples to make a simple at the edge of the palace at the moment, in the Central Plains, this work is done by craftsmen, but in Shanshan, a country that has no words, if you want to obtain writing materials, the reader has to do it himself.Huan Kuan recorded the salt and iron theory in the salt and iron conference that year, using bamboo slips, his hometown Runan has a lot of bamboo forests, but there are no in the Western Regions, so he can only use the local common poplar instead.And poplar wood is hard, if you pick it too old, the tree can be as hard as a stone, and an axe will shake your hands numb."
Today, this tree is neither old nor young, and it is suitable for simplicity."
Now Huan Kuan is quite good at picking, and he takes his disciples to process large pieces of poplar wood into simple and rough blanks.This group of disciples is fifteen or sixteen, and the eldest is twenty or thirty, all of whom are children of Shanshan nobles and commoners, and at the age of five or six, they have to help the family herd sheep and carry water.According to the hereditary tradition of Shanshan officials, this group of disciples is going to become "Jiuqing" when they grow up, and King Shanshan can be said to have handed over the future of the country to Huan Kuan.Therefore, it is not a long way to just take them to write on the sand.It is better to teach it to fish than to teach it to fish, so Huan Kuan started from the making of simplification, polishing the surface of the simple blank and cutting the wood chips with length and thickness that meet the specifications."
The scriptures and the law must be written on a Jane two feet and four inches long, and a letter written on a Jane one foot long, so that you must not be mistaken."
After that, you have to sweat Jane to finish, fresh wood has juice, easy to rot and insects, you have to patiently dry on the fire, and then apply a thin layer of glue after cooling, after the coating and dyeing of the Jane, the surface is slightly shiny, and the writing ink will not faint.The last step is to weave the coupling, drill fine holes on the wooden tablet, use silk rope or cowhide rope, there are two, three, four, five and other shapes."
Confucius is easy to read, Wei is the best to read, and you should be the same when you read."
There are two virtuous and virtuous people who come to Shanshan, one is a young master and one is a Taifu, generally the translator teaches Chinese, and the prime minister Tao Shaoqing and the young master teach Fan will wait for literacy textbooks, and then send them to Taifu Huankuan to receive re-education, Shanshanguo is only twenty or thirty literate, and only these four or five people can learn the Analects of filial piety.One of the blue-eyed and curly-haired disciples was eager to learn, and asked in a somewhat sandwiched Chinese dialect: "Master, when will you be able to teach us Yi?"
”Huan Kuan shook his head: "There are not many Confucians in the Central Plains who can understand the Five Classics, except for the Analects of Filial Piety, I only know the Ram Spring and Autumn Period, Yu Yi is just a rough knowledge, and I dare not mislead you and others."
However, there are two masters of Yi in the virtuous school that migrated with me, but one unfortunately died on the road, and the other was in its Qiancheng. ”More than 40 virtuous scholars scattered all over the place, resulting in academic dispersion, this is not the most troublesome thing, what bothers Huan Kuan is that because of the hasty distribution, many people did not even have time to bring the collection of books, and can only rely on memory and oral narration to repeat, but the early Han Dynasty Fusheng and others orally recounted the Five Classics of Shangshu again.Although Huan Kuan is known for his good memory, the Five Classics have already been repeatedly annotated, plus broken chapters and sentences, general exegesis, clear righteousness, etc., many of which are hundreds of thousands of words, how can they memorize, and those small words, the wrong word is a completely different meaning, lest the meaning of the sage be misinterpreted, and finally the apocryphal scriptures.He could only teach himself the basic memorization of the Analects, only preaching the scriptures, and rarely doing exegesis, only hoping that in the future, if he had the opportunity, he could write back to the Central Plains and ask his fellow brothers to copy and send it.The young blue-eyed man among the disciples thought of a solution: "Although the master can't go back to the Han Dynasty without being pardoned, we can, the next time the king goes to Chang'an to see the Son of Heaven, we can go with us as attendants, so that we can get the true scriptures from the eastern soil!"
”As soon as the words fell, a voice sounded outside the courtyard, it was Tao Shaoqing, the minister of Shanshan, who was shouting loudly, without the slightest refinement of a scholar: "Taifu, disciples, come out to greet you, Xi'an Hou Ren has come to visit you, and he has brought the Five Classics!"
”"Xi'an Hou is here!?"
Several Shanshanren disciples looked at each other, first shocked and then delighted, and the blue-eyed man almost couldn't help but rush out to take a look.King Shanshan admired the Marquis of Xi'an very much, and still remembers that he tried to ask Ren Hong to stay in Shanshan as the minister of state.Under his repeated emphasis, after the legend of Ren Hong's seven battles and seven victories was passed to Shanshan, the Marquis of Xi'an had been portrayed as the liberator of Loulan and Shanshan, saving them from the barbaric enslavement of the Xiongnu.They didn't know about the entanglement between Xianliangxue and the Marquis of Xi'an, and Huan Kuan didn't mention it, so they only took the disciples out of the hospital to greet them, and saw Ren Hong, who deigned to come here, and a car pulling bamboo slips behind him.Ren Hong looked at Huan Kuan, who saluted him, and Shanshan's disciples, who were full of curiosity, and said with a smile: "When I left Beijing, I thought of your virtuous and virtuous studies in the Western Regions, and there was nothing to bring, so I asked the disciples of the Doctor of the Five Classics to copy the Five Classics and bring them over.The wheel, the dry, the ditch plow, and the Loulan all left a complete set, and it was almost good. ”Only the original scriptures were copied, there were no private goods added by various genres, and there was no paper that had been matured in his family's private workshop.The Shanshan disciples couldn't put it down and flipped through these "true scriptures", and they were really much better than they made up themselves.Huan Kuan is not like his peers, he bites when he sees Ren Hong, and now Ren Hong has become the protector of the capital, and he can determine his life and death with one word, and he is neither humble nor arrogant.Ren Hong sighed at him and said: "I have always felt that the second prince was wronged by moving away, when Jiujiang wished for his birthday, Liu Ziyong and others knocked on the que, I heard that the second prince had tried his best to stop him without success, but he was implicated afterwards, and the two amnesties were not listed."
He said casually: "Why don't you wait for me to send a letter to the court and ask the Holy Son of Heaven to pardon the second duke?"
”Huan Kuan didn't appreciate it, and arched his hand and said: "The wife of the subordinate is weak, and she is very weak when she moves to Shanshan, and it is difficult to get up from bed sickness.As for me," he shook his head, looked at the book on the desk with the hand-made Jane of Shanshan's disciples and said, "Aren't you nostalgic?"
I'm afraid of this simple book!
”Far away in a foreign land, Huan Kuan's heart is as uneven as Qu Yuan and Jia Yi, and he also misses the bamboo forest in Runan's hometown.But he didn't grieve and hurt himself, the Confucian sense of mission to actively join the WTO drove him, even if he was in Shanshan, he had to continue to do things, something that could prove that they were right!"
I've read the second prince's treatise on salt and iron."
Ren Hong paced in this slightly simple "school palace", the scale is actually a small private school, three or five cases, whether it is a simple book or pen and ink, all have to be self-made, if it is not for the disciples all wearing silk and silk, there is really a feeling of a small village in the eighties and nineties in the later generations."
There is an article in the book, which is a debate between Xianliangxue and Sang Hongyang, whether Rong Di can be edified."
Sang Hongyang thought that he couldn't, he quoted scriptures, saying that the Spring and Autumn Period in the summer and outside Yidi, Rong Di has no relatives and is greedy, is a beast, should beware of barbarian and cunning Xia, thieves and traitors.To deal with them, whether it is the Xiongnu or the states of the Western Regions, there is only one way to conquer. ”Sang Hongyang's utilitarian view of the open side is very similar to that of the Western colonists in later generations, who only thought about seizing the land and recruiting people to immigrate to the past, and did not regard Rongdi barbarians as human beings.Perhaps like Ji Di, he hoped to reward the slaves of the Han people with prisoners of war, so under his auspices, Li Guangli's war against the Western Regions was so rough.Ren Hongdao: "Xian Liangxue is the opposite, that even the barbarian Rong Di can be edified, as long as they are added with virtue, given benefits, and guided by benevolence and righteousness, then there is no need to use the means of war, and the Xiongnu in the Western Regions will also be attached, and from then on, there will be no worries about the North and no prisoners, and China will have nothing to do!"
Second father, am I not wrong?
”The idea of virtuous learning is too naïve and broad, and he is simply rushing towards Bai Zuo, but Sang Hongyang has also gone to extremes, and it is not good to be too naked.Huan Kuan sighed a lot: "It's rare that the princes are willing to read the humble words I have written. ”"The second prince is humble, and the book on salt and iron is enough to circulate for thousands of years."
Ren Hong said this on his lips, but said in his heart: "I don't know who I am, how can I win a hundred battles?"
What's more, you also have to use your waste. ”The advantage of the Great Han lies not only in the technological and military power that absolutely crushes the surrounding city-states, but also in the soft power that has matured since the Zhou and Qin dynasties.In East Asia, the Han Dynasty was like a beacon, whether it was the silk trade stick or the ritual music, using them as the vanguard to open the way, which was much more clever than the Guangpai army.In later generations, Europe and the United States will have democracy, and the Han Dynasty will also have courtesy, music, benevolence and righteousness!
Let's take a look at Sima Xiangru's Nanshu father, who used ideology to the extreme, how he thought about Nanxiyi: "I heard that China has the best benevolence and courtesy, virtue and favor, wide benevolence, and all things are indispensable, why did they abandon us alone?"
The people of Southwest Yi are standing on tiptoe in hope, if the drought is looking forward to rain, waiting for the Han to carry out ritual music and benefit all sentient beings!
”This sense of mission to spread the ritual music of the Han family to the whole world is simply demagogic.Although Sima Xiangru's character is not good, as a member of the propaganda mouth in the Han Dynasty, he is very qualified.If he lives to open up the Western Regions, he will definitely have a strategy that is very different from Sang Hongyang.As the protector of the capital, Ren Hong also thought that he also had a long sword in one hand and poetry and books in the other.And Huan Kuan is a good talent, he looked at Huan Cigong and said: "Sang Hongyang often said that Confucian scholars do not understand world affairs and do not understand side affairs. ”Huan Kuan thought about it and said: "Sun Qing has a saying, living in Chu and Chu, living in Chu and Chu, living in summer and summer, right and wrong, and accumulation.The sons of Gan, Yue, Yi and raccoon dogs are born with the same voice, grow up and are different from the custom, and teach them to be so!
”In the autumn of last year, Liu Yi had changed his name to Liu Xun, but Huan Kuan paid great attention to avoiding it, and he took the initiative to invite Ren Hongdao: "Kuan is going to teach the disciples to speak the language, dare to ask the capital to listen to the inspection!"
”Zi said: Learn and learn from time to time, don't you also say?
Have friends come from afar, are you happy?
People don't know and are not ashamed, aren't they also gentlemen?
”This familiar reading sound, this familiar little class, actually made Ren Hong a little trance, but the shaking his head and reciting behind the kneeling desk below were a group of Shanshan people with high noses and deep eyes wearing Hanfu and buns, which made people have a sense of historical dislocation.However, Ren Hong understood why Huan Kuan implored himself to listen.He could see that the four or five Shanshan disciples were dedicated to learning, although the pronunciation was not very standard, after all, the Loulan people, as descendants of the Sai race, spoke the East Iranian language family, or Tocharian language, and Chinese were completely two language families.And after they finished reading, they held a brush in their hands, and the words written on the Jane were a little crooked and awkward, and some even wrote sweaty on their foreheads.But that kind of look is right, it's the same elite man as King Shanshan, no, or rather, it's a kind of awe of Minghe!
This is not the first type of character that Loulan Shanshan came into contact with, although the Indian and Brahmi alphabets and Aramaic alphabets from the Middle East, which were popular in the Western Regions in history, have not yet been introduced, but the Shanshan people have come into contact with the Sogdian Jana from the Sogdian merchants, and have seen the Greek alphabet on the coins of the Great Xia Kingdom.However, whether it is Sogdia or Greece, in the eyes of Shanshan people, they are mixed with the banal stench of merchants, but Chinese characters alone convey a kind of superiority and beauty of Ming.Oh, that stroke by stroke, oh, that stroke by stroke, although it is difficult to learn, and the language habits of the Loulan people do not match, but what is better than learning it, can it reflect the dignity of Shanshan nobles?
After listening to a class, Ren Hong understood Huan Kuan's thoughts, he wanted to cultivate a group of impeccable scholars who were placed in the Han court, although they had bearded faces and bodies, but they could fit into the connotation of Han Confucian scholars.After class, Ren Hong sighed with emotion: "I have heard that the area around Shu County in the early Han Dynasty was a frontier, not educated, and regarded as a barbarian land.Jing Shi Taishou Weng Zhishu first emphasized education, selected a small official to Chang'an, received a doctorate, or learned the law, returned after graduation, and selected the best for the right position.In Chengdu Xingxue Palace, the children of the county were recruited to enroll, and those who entered the school were exempted from forced labor, and those with excellent performance were compensated for the county officials. ”"So far, Bashu is so elegant, and those who learn from Beijing are better than Qi Luyan, and Weng Zhihua is also."
He encouraged Huan Kuan, making him have difficulties and said: "If the second prince can push the education of etiquette and music to Shanshan, you will also be Weng Ye of the Western Regions!"
”Ren Hong didn't know, wait for a class, after he left the school palace, the blue-eyed man took the initiative to ask Huan Kuan for advice: "Master, the disciple has read the Eight Hundred chapters yesterday, and I saw that the book said that Yidi has a king, it is not as good as the death of Zhuxia, what does it mean?"
”Self-study is a good thing, but this sentence is very controversial in different schools, some believe that Confucius means "although Yidi has a king, it is still not as good as the no monarch of Zhuxia", and another school thinks that it is to say "Yidi has a monarch, unlike Zhuxia without a monarch".The exact opposite meaning, when it comes to the Yixia debate, how to interpret the scriptures becomes the key.Like many teachers in later generations, there are leaders who are present to listen to the Zheng'er Eight Classics according to the script, and when they teach in private, they can stuff their own private goods."
The sage's words mean that among the eight hundreds, the Ji family specializes in the Lu country and governs the country as a secretary!"
He talked about the Ji family, but what he was thinking about in his heart was the Huo family, after all, turning into a person, insinuation is the best at it.And the Ji family intensified, and even transgressed the etiquette system, dancing in the court, Confucius was furious, thinking that it was tolerable, but it was unbearable!
Therefore, the meaning of this sentence should be "Huan Kuan said meaningfully: "Yi Di still has a monarch and a lord, but in today's Zhuxia, the monarch and the minister are in chaos, but there is no distinction between the upper and lower!"
”PS: Chapter 2 in the evening.