In his later years, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty served as Zhao Guo as the captain of Sosu and promoted the method of substitution.As a small official in the township, Pan Shengzhi, who regarded Zhao Guo as an idol, was unattainable for this position, until five years ago, when he was still in Jiyin County, he thought that he had climbed the high branch of Xi'an Hou, and he could take a shortcut, not to mention one step in place, but also climb faster.Unexpectedly, the promised three-year period, but because of the earthquake and other things, the crops of Xi'an Hou have recovered from the earthquake, and the yield per mu of the experimental field has soared to an astonishing fifteen stones per mu, but Xi'an Hou just did not fulfill his promise.Unexpectedly, after Ren Hong became the chief farmer, he let Pan Shengzhi, who was less than thirty years old, become the captain of Sosu he dreamed of!
The silver seal of a thousand stones is very light, but it is very heavy in his hand, and Yan Shengzhi is a little distracted, but Ren Hong patted him and said that it was a reward for him to study almost every new crop that Ren Hong sent back from the Western Regions for six years in Xi'an.In this way, wouldn't the study of agriculture that had been studied locally be justifiably promoted?
But how to do it is still Ren Hong's idea, Pan Shengzhi only provides technology, Ren Hong said: "The district field method is different from the Daitian method, it can only be implemented in the Kanto region where there are few people, and it is also more than 10,000 households in each county. ”The district field method is specially designed for small farmers with less arable land, increasing manpower input on limited cultivated land, intensive cultivation and fertilization, to achieve the effect of doubling the yield per mu, and the large farms with the sparsely populated land and using the field method to cultivate are not necessary at all, and it will even be counterproductive if promoted.Therefore, Ren Hong did not think about a one-size-fits-all approach, but had to be on par with the whole country, but carefully screened it."
On average, there are more than 10,000 households in each county, and there are 29 counties in total."
At the moment, Ren Hong pointed to the map and let Yan Shengzhi know his first batch of work locations, which is equivalent to twice the number of people in each county and Dunhuang County, so it is necessary to implement the district field law."
The division is subordinate to Jing Zhaoyin, Youfufeng, Hongnong County, Hedong County, Hanoi County, and Henan County.""
Yanzhou has Dong County, Dongping County, Chengyang County, and Jiyin County."
After they calculated, they found that there were only 9 counties in Jiyin County, the hometown of Pan Shengzhi, and each county had 30,000 households and a population of more than 100,000, which was the highest population density in the world."
Jizhou has Wei County, Qinghe County, Zhao State, Zhongshan State, Xindu State, and Hejian State.""
Yuzhou has Chenliu County, Yingchuan County, Pei County, and Huaiyang County.""
Qingzhou has Jinan County, Qi County, and Zichuan County; Xuzhou has Lu State, Pengcheng County Chu State, Yizhou has Guanghan County, Shu County. ”"Jingzhou only has Nanyang County."
After this comparison, who knows who cooks, which of the Han Dynasty has a high population density and stool.The populations of Sili, Yan, Hebei, and Henan have been overwhelmed, and the six prefectures of He, You, Yang, Liang, and Jiao are sparsely populated and urgently need people to fill them.It is undoubtedly best to make up for the shortcomings if there is more to lose, and the migration promoted by the state is already progressive, but non-spontaneous migration is time-consuming and costly, not to mention that the people who migrate may not be as many as new ones.And the cake in the populous counties is so big, it is useless to send cool officials to beat every landlord of all sizes into the fields, and it will still be hungry.Therefore, Ren Hong believes that the most fundamental solution is to develop productive forces!
The implementation of the district land law will at least raise the yield per mu of these counties to a higher level, allow small farmers to harvest more, and buy time for immigrants to expand their borders.But when Zhao Guo implemented the field method, he first tried to open fields in the palace and the idle land of the palace; and then extended to Samsuke and Gyeonggi Gongtian; Finally, there are the border counties, such as the fields of the agricultural capital and Hedong. ”Ren Hong believes that this kind of gradual progress is necessary: "Next year, we will start with Sili Xiaowei and a few counties in Qingzhou, and the east and west will blossom, and then it will be fully implemented in all counties in the Central Plains the year after next." ”It is also not possible to ask all localities according to the experimental fields of Xi'an Houguo regardless of cost, and it is extremely good to increase the yield per mu by three to fifty percent.At the end, Ren Hong sighed to Fan Shengzhi and said: "Shengzhi, I have three consecutive songs, and His Majesty has allowed you to be the commander of Sosu directly as a minister of the Hou State. ”Pan Shengzhi was very grateful, and hurriedly promised that he would be conscientious, this time we will not talk big, and we will not mess with any gambling contract with a yield of 100 stones. ”Ren Hong said: "You have also done the matter of the field order, every spring, the Son of Heaven will take the queen and hundreds of officials, in the field of the temple Sheji to carry out the field ceremony, of course, just push the plow, this field still has to be handed over to the field order to manage." ”"At that time, I will arrange for the people you brought from the Marquis of Xi'an to plough the land that the Son of Heaven has personally cultivated, and use the district field method to add cooked manure to plough it, regardless of the cost, and when the autumn comes, it will also be possible to get a mu yield of 145 stones?""
Yes!"
Yan Shengzhi swore again, but he didn't understand why Ren Hong wanted to do this, didn't he prove it in the Marquis of Xi'an.Why should Guanzhong also build an experimental field where the input is far greater than the output?
Technicians really don't know how to operate and promote, Ren Hong smiled and didn't speak, but said in his heart: "Guanzhong generally has a yield of only four or five stones per mu, and the Confucian scholars can even be auspicious when they see the yield per mu of more than 10 years, and they have to rush to boast of a good year. ”"Moreover, when the general was in Guanzhong, there was a lot of drought, and the land would be poorly harvested, if after the pro-government, the field of the Son of Heaven would get more than ten stone of grain, then the emperor would not have a special face?"
Ren Hong specially transferred the second person of Dasi Nong, named Geng Shouchang, who is in his thirties, is from Ba County, and has a strong accent, but fortunately, Xia Dingmao, who raised Ren Hong, is also a Bashu person, and he can understand it.And as soon as he looked up, Ren Hong found that Geng Shouchang was actually cross-eyed.This characteristic is estimated to have been ridiculed a lot, and even affected the career, Geng Shouchang hurriedly lowered his head, and saw the silver seal and black ribbon that Ren Hong had just awarded, and he was a little excited, but more confused.Unlike Fan Shengzhi, who had been waiting for almost six years, Geng Shouchang and Xi'an Hou Su had never met, and when he received the order to let him enter Beijing as the "Taicang Order" and preside over the affairs of the world's warehouse, although he was happy in his heart, he did not understand why the high-ranking General Sima Wei took a fancy to Cao Peng, the county cang.Ren Hongdao: "I've seen your proposal to set up a standing position on the side. ”That was a few months ago, and I didn't expect Xi'an Hou to know!
At that time, the general Huo Guang was ill and the government was delayed, so Geng Shouchang's proposal did not attract attention: "You should say that granaries should be set up in border counties, and when the grain is cheap, it will increase its Jia and make it profitable, and when the grain is expensive, it will be reduced and the grain will be reduced, and the name is often closed." ”This proposal was in line with the preparations for the war against Hungary, and the military operation of mobilizing more than 100,000 or 200,000 troops, plus hundreds of thousands of livestock, would consume a huge amount of people to eat and chew, and the border counties could not afford it at all.Ren Hong asked Geng Shouchang to talk about his plan in detail, and Geng Shouchang lowered his head and spoke, his voice was a little nervous, probably the first time he had met such a big official."
The world is impermanent, there are more than 100 counties, some places have bumper harvests year after year, and the price of grain is as low as five dollars a stone, and even eight dollars per stone, and the farmers have little profit.It is better for the big farmer to come forward to buy grain, so that the people will not lose all their money and can earn some money to pay taxes, and second, they can also obtain grain and send servants to transport it to Biansai to hoard. ”"In addition, every year, from the Kanto to the Jingshi Caogu four million Hu, with 60,000 Cao, the cost is too large, it is better to buy the valley from the nearby Sanfu, Hongnong, Hedong and other places for the Jingshi, but the province of Kanto Caogu more than half."
It can be heard that this is a continuation of Li Kui's leveling method in Wei, and Guan Zi also has similar thoughts, and Sang Hongyang summarized it into a leveling method, relying on a large amount of money and silk materials in the hands of the government, and selling them at a low price in Beijing to stabilize prices.It seems that Geng Shouchang has learned well, this book is equivalent to the Han Dynasty's theory of the wealth of the country, is the theoretical basis for guiding economic activities, the focus is on the "light and heavy arts", the state directly enters the business field as a businessman to obtain economic benefits, as long as the people who have learned, they have become the "utilitarian generation" in the mouth of Confucianism.Speaking of which, seeing that Geng Shouchang was a little nervous, Ren Hong stopped talking about official business, and when it came to his interests, before recruiting this person, Ren Hong sent someone to inquire about it."
I watched Shu County, and it said that you are good at calculation, can be utilitarian, good at planning, and in addition to official duties, you are practicing the nine chapters of arithmetic made by the Marquis of Beiping?"
Geng Shouchang hurriedly said: "The Hou of Beiping has made nine chapters for a hundred years, after the beginning, the yield per mu has changed slightly, and the subordinates thought it was a little simpler, so they added some privately, and repaired the book without saying anything. ”This is his modesty, in the original history, many people knew that the nine-chapter arithmetic began with Zhang Cang, but few people knew that it finally became the hand of Geng Shouchang.This is a folk mathematician.Ren Hong was not surprised by this, because with Zhang Cangkai's good head, there were not a few officials in the Han Dynasty who were addicted to mathematics, and even Confucian scholars put a lot of energy into this discipline of one of the "six arts of gentlemen".In the evaluation and promotion of officials, if you want to fight from a young official below 100 stones to a long-term official with an iron rice bowl, there are several criteria that must be met.First, being able to write, that is, being able to read and write; second, to know the laws and regulations, to understand the basic laws and regulations; Third, accounting, know basic arithmetic, and the standard of knowing is to be able to memorize the "ninety-nine technique", that is, the ninety-nine multiplication table of later generations, but from ninety-nine-eighty-one downwards.If you want to work in the big farmer who specializes in money and grain, you must also be proficient in the simplified version of the nine-chapter arithmetic and arithmetic book, which involves the calculation of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, as well as the calculation methods of taxes, prices, areas, volumes, etc.After chatting about the arithmetic he is good at, Geng Shouchang relaxed a little, not as nervous as he first met, and even took the initiative to show favor to Ren Hong: "The subordinates are also lucky, I have read an article by Junhou Leixu, and the real person is shocked." ”"Oh?
My clumsy works have all been passed on to Bashu?
”"It has long been copied in Chengdu, and it has also spread to the poor countryside of Langzhong."
Geng Shouchang said: "Don't hide from the prince, the subordinate is a fellow villager who fell down, after returning to his hometown, I went to visit, I was fortunate to worship as a disciple, and got a volume of his suicide note, so it is also good to observe the heavens, often look up at the sun, moon and stars." ”So, your cross-eyed eyes are staring at the sun, moon and stars?
Ren Hong knew that the "Luoxiahong" in Geng Shouchang's mouth was a great celestial scholar of the Han Dynasty, who revised the Taichu calendar with Sima Qian, and also made the first armillary sphere, and put forward the armillary theory, which competed with the traditional Confucian worldview Gaitian theory "When the subordinate watched the thunder in Ba County, he made a bet with the same door, I expected" Geng Shouchang raised his head again, staring at Ren Hong with cross-eyed eyes: "The prince will hold the theory of the heavens, and the heavens will not be said!"
”Ren Hong knows that this Gaitian theory and Hun Tian theory are the cosmology of the Han people, and the Gaitian theory is relatively early, from the Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period, it has been prevalent, in short, the sky is round.Gai Tian said that the sky is round like a cover, the place is like a chess game, the dome-shaped sky is covered in a square straight earth, and there are eight pillars around the earth to support the sky, which is what the sage Confucius recited: "The heavenly way is the yen, and the earth is the sun." ”Hun Tian said that it is very novel, it is the first initiative of Luo Hong, to put it simply, it is to think that the earth is like an egg yolk, it is round!
The sky is the egg white, which wraps the yolk tightly and there is a lot of water, and this is the sea that surrounds the earth.Since the birth of the Hun Tian Theory, there has been no less criticism by the Gai Tian Theory, and Confucianism holds the Gai Tian Theory more, because it is necessary to prove that the sky is high, and the heaven and man can only make sense, and the Hun Tian is crooked and heretical, what is the difference between the egg yolk and the egg white?
Although the struggle between the two is not as endless as the geocentric theory and heliocentric theory of later generations, it is also a contest between the two philosophies and worldviews, whether to believe in the experience of the naked eye, the words of the sages, or the professional observation of astronomical instruments.But then again, this Geng Shouchang's brain is really axial, how can he ask about academic tendencies when he sees his boss for the first time, if Ren Hong says no, wouldn't it be extremely embarrassing?
But Ren Hong smiled: "You will know what kind of doctrine I come from." ””Qu Yuantian asked Zeng Yan, the circle is ninefold, which camp is it?
Round. ”Ren Hong pointed to the earth under his feet and said: "Earth, I like to call it the earth." ”"Earth, of course, is round!"
PS: The great debate between the Gaitian Theory and the Hun Tian Theory took place in the late Western Han Dynasty, when Yang Xiong supported the Hun Tian Theory and proposed the "Eight Things Difficult to Cover the Sky" to criticize the Gai Tian Theory.