In the past two or three years, the industry has been shouting that 5nm is the limit of wafers, and no matter how low it is, it is the field of quantum effects.
Actually, whether this is true or not, it depends on how to understand it. 5nm is not the limit of CPU, but the limit of current wafer materials.
In fact, the so-called limit was shouted more than ten years ago. 10 years ago, they thought the 65nm process was the limit.
Because at the 65nm node, the leakage of the silica insulation layer is no longer tolerable.
Later, the industry came up with HKMG, which replaced silica with a high-k dielectric, and the traditional polysilicon-silica-monocrystalline silicon structure became a metal-highk-monocrystalline silicon structure.
The 65nm limit is directly broken.
Five years ago, they thought the 22nm process was the limit.
Because the leakage is turned off at 22nm, it is no longer tolerable.
As a result, the industry has developed FI and FD-SOI, the former using a three-dimensional structure instead of a planar device to enhance the control ability of the gate, and the latter using an oxidized buried layer to reduce leakage.
Three years ago, they felt that the 7nm process was the limit, because at the 7nm node, even FI was not enough to suppress leakage while maintaining performance.
Later, the industry replaced the monocrystalline silicon channel with indium gallium arsenide to improve device performance.
So the limit became 5nm.
Intel must have mastered a new wafer material, which is why it has placed an order for a 5nm lithography machine with ASML.
Therefore, the limit is simply grandstanding.
Of course, there is a limit to silicon-based chips, but the current CPU industry is still far from reaching the limit of silicon-based for the time being.
Even if the silicon-based limit is really reached, there are many new materials to be selected, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, which are promising new directions.
If you want to manufacture chips with a shorter process, not only the material process must be passed, but the resolution of the lithography machine is also a very important parameter.
If the lithography machine can't expose such thin lines, then no matter how good the technology is, it will be useless.
The new material naturally has Jiangyuan's scientific and technological directional evolution to solve it with Qian Ouhuang, and the lithography machine technology now has an eyebrow, so the new generation of CPU across the era is close at hand!
Jiang Yuan opened the panel.
Points 93.
There were 63 points left before, plus Cook completed the two tasks of 'joining the Shensi Group' and 'returning to Apple', Jiang Yuan scored 40 points.
Then he took out another 10 points for two subsystem draws, and gave Cook a prize.
Cook now has two more tasks, to improve the profit margin of Shensi Technology and to lead Apple to a trillion-dollar market capitalization.
This is also the additional use of the subsystem that Jiang Yuan has just figured out for the host, brushing points.
As long as he formulates a task approved by the system, the follower will reward the host with a part of the points after completing the task, and the host cannot interfere with this number of points, and the system will automatically score according to the difficulty.
Cook completed the joining of the Shensi Group, and Jiang Yuan only scored 10 points.
After completing the acquisition and returning to Apple, Jiang Yuan scored 30 points.
"I have 93 points left."
Jiang Yuan thought about it.
"Unlock the 2018 ASML 5nm Lithography Machine Manufacturing Technology."
"Unlocked successfully."
Well, there are 58 points left.
It's been a long time since I've drawn a lottery, so I'll draw twice to try my luck.
If you can't draw a new wafer technology, you will evolve the most advanced technology at present, plus the chip integration technology that has evolved twice, and the hanging toothpaste factory is just around the corner!
Jiang Yuan rubbed his hands.
"System, I want a lottery."
"The host has 58 points, and each lottery consumes 10 points, is the host sure of the lottery?"
"Sure."
"The host gets a new 'prop': a map of the world's seabed minerals."
"The Global Seabed Mineral Map: Published in 2069, completely records the distribution and detailed information of all seabed minerals explored by mankind up to 2069, and has important guiding value for the study of mineral formation laws."
Groove!
Great stuff!
I was thinking about going to Haishenwei to mine, so I sent a mineral map?
The system is really sweet.
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Marine minerals are very difficult to mine, and it is even harder to find out where there are minerals.
Consider the difficulty of exploring for oil deposits on land, and there are now only a dozen countries in the world that have real exploration capabilities.
It is even more difficult at the bottom of the sea, where the 10,000-meter ocean forms a huge barrier.
With today's technology, exploration engineers simply can't go down in person.
You can only rely on TV buckets, drill bits, etc. to get some sand and gravel from the bottom of the sea, and then judge the situation below.
It's too hard, and it's very face-looking.
Jiang Yuan felt that Qian Baolai's achievements in this line of work must be very good.
The Global Seabed Minerals Map is a thousand-page book with a huge map on which each mineral is numbered, and the corresponding information about the mineral can be found in the book.
Jiang Yuan simply glanced at the southeast coast of China, and the dense oil and gas mines, various seabed ores, and combustible ice simply blinded Jiang Yuan's dog eyes.
Among them, the sea area south of Siya is even more rich in minerals to the point of outrageousness, worthy of the title of 'second Persian Gulf', no wonder the country must take this place.
Jiang Yuan looked at the Haishenwei oil and gas mine he wanted again, number 232.
The strange thing is that there is also a number 233 next to it, and the other numbers are all black, this number 233 is dark red, and the font is larger and blacker.
Jiang Yuan found number 232 in the book.
"Mine 233, consisting of two main resource points.
The No. 1 well is a 30 billion cubic meter natural gas mine, accompanied by 200 million tons of oil, and the extraction depth is 5,800 meters.
Well 2 is located in a trench 2 nautical miles away, with 550 million tons of oil and extracted to a depth of 8,500 meters. ” It turns out that there is also a No. 2 well!
It seems that the trench was too deep for the woolly bear to explore, so it was not discovered.
I took a big advantage!
Jiang Yuan smiled and strengthened his determination to cooperate with Maria.
And what is that crimson number 233?
Jiang Yuan curiously turned to the No. 233 mineral page.
"No. 233 mine, one of the world's only two sea red mines, accounts for 80% of global production."
Sea Red Mine?
What is this?
Jiang Yuan couldn't figure it out, but he still kept this thing in his mind.
But this kind of enlarged and bold font, and the color of the font is different from others, it is a good thing in the game.
Good luck today.
"System, continue the lottery."
"The host has 48 points, and each lottery consumes 10 points, does the host determine the lottery?"
"Sure."
"Host Gains New 'Knowledge': A Closer Look at the Human Genome Map."
"Detailed Explanation of the Human Genome Atlas": A 2099 doctoral textbook for biomedical professionals, which completely explains the role of all human genes."
In 2099!
A detailed explanation of the human genome map!
Jiang Yuan was shocked.
When it comes to the human genome map, we have to mention the Human Genome Project, which can definitely be called a great scientific exploration project.
From 1984, when several eagle scientists first proposed the significance and prospect of measuring the DNA sequence of the entire human genome, to 2000, when more than 30,000 genes and 3 billion base pairs of human beings were completely mapped, and then to 2003, when the final map was completed.
The whole project took nearly 20 years, with the participation of scientists from six countries, and the budget was as high as $3 billion, which was $3 billion in the 80s!