Bohemia is an ancient place name in Central Europe, located in the central and western regions of the present-day Czech Republic, and was historically a multi-ethnic region inhabited by Gypsies.
Its area is about square kilometers.
After the Thirty Years' War, Bohemia remained under Habsburg rule, but remained a kingdom with its own until Bohemia became a province under the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty.
And Queen Maria Theresa, who was caricatured by Frederick the Great as one of the three petticoats of Europe, had three crowns, one of which was the crown of the Queen of Bohemia.
When Frederick the Great took the oath of war, the Austrians reacted swiftly by reaching an agreement with the Turks and sending notes to Britain, France, and Russia requesting that the countries send troops to Prussia.
As Wilhelm said, Empress Catherine II of Russia, she had only the Black Sea in her eyes, and Prussia had a peace agreement with her husband Peter III, so he rejected the Austrians' proposal.
Louis XVI of France was overwhelmed by the domestic reforms, and the emptiness of the treasury made it impossible for him to deal with Prussia.
George III of England, who was mostly held back by domestic political forces, and the friendly relations between Britain and Prussia during the Seven Years' War made it impossible for Britain to help the Austrians.
In this case, there was opposition within Prussia and Austria to the large-scale war at this time.
However, because the power of the major European powers was pinned down, many people also believed that this was the best time for Prussia and Austria to duel each other.
Whoever wins will be able to dominate Germany and even win the throne of Holy Roman Emperor.
The Prussian army was divided into two routes, a force of 30,000 men, led by Prince Henry, from Silesia to the south to attack Bohemia.
The main force of 80,000 men, led by Frederick the Great himself, searched for fighters on the Saxon front.
Upon learning of the Prussian troops, Joseph II immediately ordered the commander-in-chief of the Austrian army, Field Marshal Franz Moritzsi, to command the Elbe Corps to block Frederick on the border between Saxony and Austria, while Marshal Lassi's army consisted of 70,000 men.
In addition, Field Marshal Ernst Gideondon commanded the Second Army Corps to Bohemia to block Prince Henry, and the Second Army of 20,000 men.
Field Marshal Franz Moritz participated in the War of the Austrian Succession, the Seven Years' War, and in the Seven Years' War he was Chief of Staff to Field Marshal Leopold Joseph Dawn, and was the right and left hand of Field Marshal Ernst Gideondon.
It can be said that Marshal Lassi and Marshal Laudon were the arms of Austria at this time, and they were also old rivals of Frederick the Great and Prince Henry.
As for the Bavarian Front, it was led by Leopold II, the Archduke of Tuscany, the younger brother of Joseph II.
In June, Field Marshal Lassi's Elbe Corps suddenly encountered Frederick's main army in a hilly area on the Austrian border.
The Austrians on the opposite side made a defensive posture, and the Austrians concentrated more than 400 cannons on an artillery position set up on a small high ground on the left flank, and about 10,000 cavalry guarded these cannons.
In the center and on the right flank were traditional line infantry, with more than 4,000 cuirassiers and about 10,000 reserves in the rear.
The Prussian army had 546 cannons, 23,000 cavalry, 10,000 cuirassiers, and 45,000 line infantry.
Frederick decided to order Prince Ferdinand to cross the Elbe with 10,000 cavalry and 20,000 infantry east of the Elbe and attack the Austrian legions from the north, targeting the Austrian legions on both sides, carrying out pincer attacks, and then cutting off the rear of the Austrian army, encircling it and annihilating the area.
In order to carry out this plan, Prince Ferdinand led the army to quietly move in the direction of the Elbe.
In June, the 6th Army routed the scattered Austrian troops guarding the Elbe, erected pontoon bridges upstream, and crossed to the south bank of the Elbe River.
During this time, Frederick the Great ordered his troops to engage in skirmishes with the Austrians in order to confuse them, while the large forces used shovels and all the tools at hand to dig up something called trenches, which William had taught him.
Marshal Lassi, on the opposite side, immediately understood Frederick the Great's intentions after receiving the news of the loss of the Elbe, and he immediately ordered the whole army to prepare for a decisive battle.
In the early hours of the next morning, Frederick found that the Austrians on the opposite side were no longer passively defending but were in full force, Frederick understood that the enemy had taken the bait, and Frederick was convinced that he could hold out until Ferdinand's army reached the battlefield, even in the midst of the Austrian onslaught.
Frederick ordered the Prussian army to move into a front-line position, and the Prussian position was dug into a large hollow-shaped trench, which was dug very wide to accommodate the backward flintlock pistols of this era, so as to accommodate three rows of men and to alternate between front and back, and to the chest in order to rely on the trench But it was very strange to the Austrians on the other side, and they saw that the Prussians on the opposite side looked like rabbits, only showing a big head and neck, and nothing else could be seen, let alone aimed.
Marshal Lassi decisively ordered the artillery to open fire, and upon hearing Marshal Lassy's order, four hundred cannons rumbled into a concerto, but the strange thing was that the accuracy of the artillery was very poor.
In fact, you can't blame the poor accuracy of the artillery, the countries of that era used firearms without rifling or anything, plus although the trenches were wide, but the aiming was very difficult, and the front and rear were land and could not kill and injure many enemies.
When Lassi heard the report, he decided that this would not be possible, so he ordered the cannon to be brought closer to increase the damage.
But just as he gave the order, the Prussian artillery on the middle position of the zigzag trench opened fire, and the Prussian artillery did not have such concerns, and just when the cannons on both sides were firing their might, the soldiers on both sides entered at night to see the muskets of the time, but the Austrians were stunned, and the Prussians were behind the trenches, and they were not easy to aim.
For Prussia, on the other hand, the Austrians were simply the best targets, holding the trenches more in one round than when they were standing.
Marshal Lassi was furious at the sight of this, and he ordered the Austrian cavalry to prepare and cut into the battle from the left flank, driving out the Prussian ground rats, and at the same time ordering the reserves to go into battle.
Frederick the Great decisively ordered the cavalry to launch a counter-charge against the Austrian cavalry from the right flank, and ordered the artillery to ignore the opposing cavalry and bombard the infantry with all their might.
At this moment, Prince Ferdinand's reinforcements arrived on the battlefield, and the 10,000 cavalry allowed their horses to gallop, brandishing their sabers and slashing at the Austrian rear reserves, while the cavalry on both sides of the Austrian left flank were entangled, and the Austrians could not save them at all.
When Frederick saw Ferdinand's army enter the battlefield, he decisively ordered the whole army to launch a counterattack, the Prussians crawled out of the trenches and charged the Austrians.
In this battle, the Austrians suffered more than 8,000 casualties and 40,000 were captured, and the commander of the Elbe Army, Field Marshal Lassy, retreated to Austria with only more than 10,000 remnants of the defeated army.
On the other hand, the Prussian side suffered more than 3,000 casualties and achieved a brilliant victory.
Frederick the Great looked ambitiously to the south, where there was Vienna and where she was.