Chapter 171 Artillery System Although Yevisky's position in the rebel army is not lacking in challengers, as the nominal supreme commander of the rebel army, Yevisky's position has to be said to be pivotal.
Free eBook Download // Although August's envoy clearly informed Yevski that the commander of the 3,000 Polish army, Cohenyol, was August's henchman, after all, any change on the battlefield could happen, and in such a situation, Jewski still dared to infiltrate the Polish military camp, and his personality charm can be seen.
After reaching an agreement with Kornjol, Yeviski left the Polish military camp under Koenyol's arrangement, fortunately Koenyol successfully concealed Kulichkov's ears and eyes in the Polish military camp, otherwise it is indeed a big question whether Jeviski and his party can leave the Polish military camp safely.
Early the next morning, under Kulichkov's orders, 3,000 Russian troops and 3,000 Polish troops set up offensive formations opposite the rebel lines.
In order to be able to eliminate the rebel army blocking the road on the opposite side as soon as possible, Kulichkov ordered the Russian army to be deployed in Zhongyāng, and the Polish army was deployed on both flanks.
Kulichkov was not too wrong about the perception of the rebel army, although these nationalists organized a certain amount of military training in the backbone of the rebel army, but due to the pressure of the Polish zhèngfu and the Russian army, they only hurriedly gathered their men and horses in one place to simply practice in the queue, in order to prevent zhèngfu and the Russians from detecting, these rebels did not even train shè attack.
And after the success of the uprising, because of the halo of the protagonist shrouded in the head of the rebel army, so in the siege of the city along the way, it is often as soon as the rebel army shows its banner, the city is not attacked, so that the seemingly easy results also make the rebel army not have any kind of training, and the gap between an army that lacks training and the first-class Russian army in Europe is even more obvious.
The confident Kulichkov looked at the rebel positions not far away, and a smile appeared on his face, and in a striking resemblance, Yevisky, who was not far from him, also looked at the Russian army with a smile.
The artillery in the Russian army pushed one artillery after another to the front line, and the artillery used by the European continent in this era was basically only field guns, cannons, howitzers and cylindrical mortars.
In fact, the artillery division system originated in France, and the French field army in 1730 used a variety of ammunition, either manufactured in France or imported from abroad, and the caliber was also varied.
Such an artillery ammunition system is a nightmare for all artillery logistics officers.
Gun transport was another challenge, as cannons were often extremely bulky.
For example, a 12-pounder field cannon requires nine horses to tow, and sometimes even calves.
It can be seen that these cannon wagons are extremely inflexible and fast.
On October 7, 1732, the French royal decree adopted the Vallière system, replacing the rest of the previous complex system in the French army.
The main purpose of this system is to simplify the various and complex ammunition calibers and standardize the cannon barrel and mortar barrel, so that both ammunition and artillery can be manufactured in France.
The nascent French Army artillery system consisted of 4-, 8-, 12-, 16-, and 24-pounder cannons, as well as 8-inch and 12-inch mortars.
Although there is no official definition, 4-pounder, 8-pounder, and 12-pounder are generally considered field artillery, while heavier cannons are better suited for urban warfare.
The method of transport maneuver of all artillery is unified, and the shè speed of the gun is inversely proportional to the caliber.
But the nascent system was only used for a while before it fell behind, and in the Austrian Succession, light field artillery became an urgent need.
Because the light artillery is flexible enough to accompany the infantry battalion in battle.
On the basis of Vallière's system, various light artillery pieces were gradually added, most of which were temporarily added by Marshal Saxe, the first general of the French army at that time, and most of these additions were done in a hurry and lacked a clear system.
During the Seven Years' War, the need for light field artillery was again raised.
On January 20, 1757, two Swedish-style 4-pounder light guns were issued to each infantry battalion.
In 1759, the Rothstein cannon was also added.
However, these small-scale reforms did not produce immediate results and did not help to improve the status quo of a fundamentally obsolete artillery force.
Not only that, but in urban warfare, the performance of mortars is also worrying.
Another major flaw in the system was the lack of field howitzers, which had been heavily used by the Dutch and English at the end of the 17th century.
The new gun attracted a lot of interest because it was relatively lightweight and could fire shè explosive, shrapnel and solid shells.
The lack of howitzers became apparent during the Austrian Succession, so field artillery officers have been strongly advocating their introduction.
And now I have to say a celebrity, and that is Jean.
Baptiste.
Wagate.
Morality.
Gribova.
Grebevois was born in Amiens on December 4, 1715, the youngest Jean.
Baptiste showed a special talent in science and mathematics, so his parents encouraged him to study artillery.
In 1757, Gribois was sent to Vienna to serve as an artillery liaison officer in the army of Austria, which was allied with France.
By the time he arrived in Austria, Austrian artillery had been recognized as the most advanced in Europe.
This achievement was made possible thanks to the great commander of the Austrian artillery, Joseph Murphy.
Wenzel.
The efforts of the Prince of Liechtenstein.
In 1744 the prince was appointed chief of artillery, a position he held until 1772.
The Austrian artillery in the War of the Austrian Succession did not perform as well as it should.
After the war, the Prince of Liechtenstein quickly carried out work on the modernization of Austrian artillery.
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He started with equipment and personnel, and even invested some of his personal property.
According to Liechtenstein's artillery system, artillery is clearly divided into two categories: field artillery and city artillery.
The weight of the gun has been generally reduced, and the structure has become more concise.
The gun carriage has a height adjuster that is controlled by screw rotation, and the tools required by the gunner are hung on both sides of the gun carriage for easy access.
These tools include a bar for loading shells and a lever.
The new artillery also included a number of other improvements that made the cannon more convenient.
Gribowa, who has always been observant, took these improvements to heart.
Already convinced of the necessity of artillery reform, he had already carried out the preliminary design of the rotating gun mount as early as 1748, which was suitable for both fortress and shore guns, and would become the invention that would create Xing.
During the Seven Years' War, Gribova gained a lot of experience fighting on the front.
First as an artillery liaison officer in the French Army, and from 1759 in the Austrian Army with the rank of lieutenant colonel.
In the 1762 year, he was promoted to major general.
In September and October, as commander of artillery and engineers, he fought with distinction at the fortress of Schwidnitz in Silesia against the Prussian army.
On October 9ri, Count Gusko, then the commander of the fortress, led his army to surrender to the Prussian army, because the fortress ran out of ammunition.
The Prussian army paid the price of 7,000 casualties, while the Austrians suffered less than 1,000 casualties.
The defensive battle at Schwidnitz, and especially the artillery operations in this campaign, was widely spread throughout Europe, and Frederick II tried unsuccessfully to persuade Gribewer to join the Prussian army when he was imprisoned in Prussia.
When Gribeva later returned to Austria, Empress Maria Theresa promoted him to lieutenant general and sent her own handwritten letter of thanks and a chain of portraits of the Empress set with diamonds.
She hoped that Gribower would remain in the Austrian army.
However, Gribovis returned to Paris after the war.
Returning to Paris, Gribova went to Strasbourg in order to put an end to the debate about the combat effectiveness of the French army's active artillery.
There, under the supervision of the Mission, Gribova will test the new artillery he has designed.
The mission was under the direct responsibility of the commander of the Alsatian Front, Field Marshal Kondade, and included a number of artillery specialists.
With the help of reformist officers such as Malitz, Gommel and Rothstein, further improvements were added to the new artillery system.
In the end, the results of the tests firmly demonstrated the superiority of the Gribower system.
On the basis of the report written by Gribovis and the rest of the reports on the results of the Strasbourg tests.
In 1765, France's Ministry of War drafted a royal decree announcing the adoption of a new artillery system.
The draft was approved by the Duke of Sowasser and finally approved by the king at the Royal Council on August 13.
The royal decree allowing the introduction of the Griboa system came into force on October 15, 1765.
This reform involved field artillery and howitzers; Mortars were initially ignored until they were reintroduced 20 years later.
The most significant reforms of the system were all aimed at field artillery.
In fact, one of the major drawbacks of the Vallière system was its failure to distinguish between the heavy artillery used in urban warfare and fortifications and the field artillery that assisted in the field operations of the 18th-century line formation.
The Gribwa System, in its broadest period, includes the following: Field Artillery: 12-, 8-, and 4-pounder cannons 1-pounder light gun 6-inch howitzer Stronghold & Garrison Cannon: 24-pounder, 16-pounder, long-barreled 12-pounder, long-barreled 8-pounder, and long-barreled 4-pounder cannons 8-inch howitzer 12-inch, 10-inch and 8-inch mortars 12-inch, 10-inch and 8-inch Gomel mortars 15-inch stone mortar Now, after more than ten years of development, the Gribova system has proved to be effective, so soon after the implementation of French artillery, the Gribova system was introduced by the European continent, of course, there are some differences in artillery between the European countries, which led to the existence of the Prussian three-pounder gun.
At present, the field artillery of the armies of the European continent is basically composed of four-pounder guns mixed with six-pounder and eight-pounder guns, and the twelve-pounder guns are inconvenient because of their transportation, so that unless they are in a decisive battle of the large army, a small army will not carry them to the battlefield. ps: Thank you Zhuang Liang and 75321 for the big reward, it's really a great kindness, because my brother called to drink tonight, so you know this content, I heard a good news today, and I'll share it with you on Friday, thank you for your support.