Chapter 692 The Transformation of Venice The ancient tax system was not just a grain tax, but also a conscription.Before the Ming Dynasty, almost all Chinese dynasties were soldiers in wartime and soldiers in leisure time.Just like the Qin Dynasty, conscription was divided into two categories: conscription and military service.The so-called month is a change of death, which means that men and women in the Qin Dynasty had to complete one month of conscription every year.The so-called battle of the main soldier is based on one year as the service period, which is mostly called Shu in the Qin law, and is often mentioned together with "X years old".In fact, the essence of the system in the Qin and Han dynasties is the same, but the subdivisions are different.In the Ming Dynasty, the identity of the common people was stipulated by household registration, and of course, the conscription similar to the border function of the two Han and Sui and Tang dynasties was abolished, however, the burden of the common people was not reduced, but heavier.In the Sui and Tang dynasties of the Han Dynasty, the people could fight on the border, and it was not an opportunity to change their fate, so there was a saying that "the three-foot Qingfeng is looking for a marquis".In the Han Dynasty, Han Gaozu made an agreement, "The law is forbidden in the province, the light land is rented, and the tax is one for fifteen." ”For example, in the second year of Emperor Wen, he ordered "to give the people of the world, half of the land rent this year", and this time the field rent was reduced by half, and the field rent has been reduced to 30 taxes.There is also an edict of Emperor Wen in the twelfth year: "It gives the peasants half of this year's tax" ("Historical Records: Filial Piety Records").The same book also said: "The edict of June (13 years) said: 'Agriculture, the foundation of the world, must be great.Today, I am diligent and engaged, and I have the burden of taxes, which is the end of the story, and there is no difference.It is not prepared for the way to persuade farmers.The tax on the removal of the land. ’”Scholars have debated the interpretation of this account.Some people believe that from then until the second year of Emperor Jingdi, there was no land rent for thirteen years.For example, Qian Jianfu holds this view.Some scholars, such as Gao Min, disagree with this point of view, he believes that the "Historical Records of Xiaojing Benji" records that Emperor Jing "removed the land and half rented" in the first year, which has not been restored, so it can be seen that there was land rent before.During the Jingdi period, it was a period when the land rent rate of 30 taxes and one was customized.In the following dynasties, including the Ming Dynasty, the real tax rate of agricultural tax was one-thirtieth, however, with the addition of various miscellaneous taxes, the people were still miserable, just like the highest period of the four years of Chongzhen, the tax was one and two cents.Speaking from the heart, although this tax has been increased, it is actually not unaffordable for the people.One cent and two cents is twenty copper coins, and according to the price of grain at that time, between seven and nine cents, it is almost equivalent to about ten catties of grain, but when the government is implementing it, the tax is not like this, and it is possible to add three or even five cents.The taxes of the Ming Dynasty were actually not heavy, and if they were compared, even when the Chongzhen Dynasty was the most corrupt, it was lighter than that of the Kangqian period.However, the permanent tax law, in fact, does not take advantage of the long-term operation of the country, Quanxu's so-called never increase the tax, mainly to reduce the burden of the peasants, and with the industrial development of Liaodong, the income of workers, especially skilled workers, is getting higher and higher.But the problem is that now small workers can also get one or two or five dollars of silver, or even more, as for senior technicians, it is not counted, and some factories want to poach people, and it is possible to offer three to five times the market price.For example, the tax of farmers is mainly concentrated in the sale of grain, poultry, timber and other materials, and the price is directly related to taxes.For example, if you sell 10,000 taels of grain, the tax will be more than 300 taels of silver, and if it is 1,000 taels, it will be more than 30 taels of silver.Not according to the head, nor according to the acreage.What is spread into acres?
Jeon Wook doesn't play this set.The business country is a country of industry and commerce, and the tax revenue of factories and companies is in accordance with the flow of water, and the government departments carry out a certain proportion of support, encourage high-tech industries and enterprises, and support the middle and lower self-employed people.In short, the poll tax was abolished, and it was promised that the Dingkou tax would never be collected, because after taking Liaoxi, Quan Xu knew that the Dingkou tax in Liaoxi was one hundred and twenty yuan per person.Under such a high tax, the people are definitely not willing to have more children, and if they have one more child, then they will pay an extra tax.In fact, the promulgation of the law of never adding money has no impact on the tax impact of the merchant country, but it is a decree that invites the hearts of buyers.After the promulgation of this decree, it was a national celebration, and many literary slaves began to write poems and articles to make a big splash of Quan Xu's sycophants.Even Qian Qianyi, whose water was too cold, changed his ugly face and praised Quan Xu's groundbreaking move.Quan Xu also understands that Qian Qianyi is losing sincerity to him, as long as he shows a little praise, then Qian Qianyi will immediately change his appearance and become Quan Xu's horse boy.However, Quan Xu directly ignored this flattery.As an organization, long-term goals and short-term goals, there must be.Quan Xu, as the king of Shang, held the first court meeting.Of course, the court meeting of the Shang State was not like the Ming Dynasty, a group of people came to the meeting, and there was a large area of Wuyang and Wuyang, in fact, most of the officials were not qualified to speak at the official court meeting, and they only brought one ear to listen to it.Of course, the court meeting of the Shang State is the cabinet meeting of the Ming Dynasty, which can also be said to be a ministerial-level meeting, and the participants are all ministers or vice ministers.In the Shang Kingdom, it is not the six parts of the Ming Dynasty, but the nineteen parts.They are the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Railway Transport, the Ministry of Maritime Transport, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Resources, the General Staff, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Legislation, the Ministry of Law Enforcement, the Department of Discipline Inspection, the Ministry of Auditing, and the Ministry of Taxation.Nineteen ministerial-level units, plus level-level units, such as the Luzon Parliament, the Taiwan Parliament, and the Qiongzhou Parliament, of course, this time the topic is to split the Shang State.The current territory of Liaodong is too large, and Quan Xu compared the maps of later generations and found that the actual control area of the current Shang State, including the three eastern provinces of the later dynasty, central Inner Mongolia, southeastern Mongolia, all of Primorsky Krai, and the entire territory of Khabarovsk, has an actual area of about 4.02 million square kilometers.In this case, there is simply no way to manage and control the whole of Nurkandus, and it must be divided.Quan Xu took out the map that had been modified by the computer, pointed to the map and said: "Now the actual territory of our Shang country, excluding Luzon, Qiongzhou, Taiwan, a total of 4.02 million square kilometers, in such a large area, how to manage is a very headache problem, the current Liaodong Mansion, the control area is too large, just like Jinzhou to Vladivostok, there are more than 1,000 nautical miles, this is not the most troublesome thing, if you go to Heishui (both taken from the name of the Tang Dynasty Heishui Protectorate, Boli, now Khabarovsk, has a total distance of more than 4,700 kilometers. ”Shen Mingze seemed to understand what Quan Xu meant: "What does the king mean to split Liaodong?"
”"Splitting is a must!"
Quan Xu continued: "The key is how to split!
”Shen Mingze muttered: "This question has been considered by the minister, what the minister means is that our Shang country is slightly smaller than the Tang Andong Metropolitan Governor's Mansion, and the Tang Andong Metropolitan Protectorate has nine subordinate capitals, namely the Xincheng Prefecture Governor's Mansion, the Liaocheng Prefecture Governor's Mansion, the Gobezhou Governor's Mansion, the Weile Prefecture Governor's Mansion, the Sheli Prefecture Governor's Mansion, the Suzhou Governor's Mansion (Jusuzhou Governor's Mansion), the Yuexi Prefecture Governor's Mansion, the Danzhou Governor's Mansion, and the Jian'an Prefecture Governor's Mansion. ”Splitting Liaodong is not a one-sentence, two-sentence thing, it needs to result in the characteristics of various places, which involve all aspects, in short, Quanxu's principle is to balance development, and it is best not to be a monopoly.Of course, it is impossible to really balance, for this reason, under the leadership of Quan Xu, Liaodong was roughly divided, first of all, in the southeast of Mongolia, the eastern part of Mongolia set up the Zhenbei Council, the capital of the Council, that is, the city of Daning.In the next three years, the Zhenbei Council was used as a forward base for attacking the Qing State, and the Zhenbei Council was temporarily concurrently served by Zhu Xun, and at the same time, it began to be formally established.The second, fifth, and ninth divisions of the whole family army were stationed in the Zhenbei Mansion.The establishment of the Liaoyang Council was roughly the Liaoning Province of the later generations, and the capital was Liaoyang.The establishment of the Huining Council was roughly the Heilongjiang Province of the later generations, the capital seat of the Huanglong Council was established in the city of Huining (now Acheng), and the capital of Taining City (now Jianzhou) was roughly the Jilin Province of the later generations.The establishment of the Heishui Council and the administration of the city of Heishui (today's Boli (Jurchen word for pea), roughly Khabarovsk.The Andong Council was established and governed in Twin Cities.In this way, Liaodong has been split into six councils, and each prefecture and county need to continue to be subdivided, and at the same time, a part of the officers and men of the Guanning Army have been reorganized into a construction corps and went to Heishui and Andong respectively to enrich here.After a day's meeting, Quan Xu returned to the Wuwei Hou Mansion, and when he was not in the current Shang Mansion, the crown prince Zhu Cihong bowed down and said, "The student meets the teacher!"
”Quan Xu then remembered that the hot potato of the prince was in his hands, Quan Xu could understand that this was actually Emperor Chongzhen's last temptation of him, and the temptation of Quan Xu was not to seek to rob him of the Ming Dynasty.Because the crown prince, a four- or five-year-old doll, is best controlled, and can learn from Cao Cao to coerce the Son of Heaven to order the princes.It's just that Quan Xu obviously doesn't have this mind.He threw Zhu Cihong a brand-new calfskin schoolbag: "Carry it on your back and go to school with your sister Jingmu!"
”Zhu Cihong asked stupidly, "Go to school?"
”"Nonsense, where do you go if you don't go to school?
You have to learn a lot of homework, Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages, geography, politics, geometry, physics, chemistry, ......
If you don't go to school, where do you go to school?
”Zhu Cihong said with some dissatisfaction: "But my father asked the palace to learn from you how to govern the country and level the world!"
”Quan Xu slapped Zhu Cihong's head: "How old are you, learn to rule the country and level the world!"
At your age, you should go to school happily, play happily, and be happily smashed by the teacher with chalk in class. ”Quan Xu saw that Zhu Cihong was still confused, and he patiently explained: "There are civil ministers in governing the country, and there are military generals in the world, you don't need to learn these things, what you have to do is to turn yourself into a learned person, whether it is governing the country or the world, you can say a way, and it is enough not to be pitted by the minister, understand?"
”Zhu Cihong still didn't understand, but he could only carry his schoolbag to class."
Also, you have to remember that you are not allowed to reveal your identity as the crown prince, you will not have a carriage to pick you up in the future, and you will have to walk to school whether it is windy or rainy!"
Then Quan Xu sneered: "You have to show me the homework you want to do, and I will beat you to death by cutting corners!"
Also, if you let me know that you are fighting at school......"
Zhu Cihong hurriedly explained: "I won't fight!"
”"I don't care if you fight!
Anyway, if you let me know that you lost a fight at school, I'll beat you to death!
”What kind of emperor is this, has anyone taught the prince like this!?
Zhu Cihong's tears almost fell, and he had a hunch: The days by Quan Xu's side will be very, very sad!
Zhu Weiyuan was worried: "Lord Wang, is this really appropriate?"
After all, the prince is young, you let him walk to school, and encourage him to fight with other children, in case there are any three long and two short......"
Quan Xu rolled his eyes: "He was raised by his parents, he is not so delicate!"
If you really can't rest assured, you can arrange a few people to secretly protect him, but only because he can't be abducted or kidnapped, if he has a conflict with other children, you go to someone to trouble, I will beat you to death!
”Zhu Weiyuan was a little speechless, and her temper rose when she became the king.…… Thousands of miles away in Europe, on the Adrian Sea, Helena no longer has the image of a lady, she has now become a lady and her mother.Last month, Helena successfully gave birth to a baby girl, who was named Catherine, Quan, and Dandoro by Helena.Dandolo is Helena's surname and also represents her identity and status in Venice.According to the tradition, Helena should still be in confinement at this time, but the physical fitness of the Yanma is different from ordinary people, and when she gave birth, she received an emergency from the front line.The Ottoman navy had defeated the Venetian navy, and the fate of the Venetian city-state republic had changed irrevocably.At that time, Helena had just given birth and had not even had time to rest for an hour, when she took this girl, who was obviously of oriental origin, to the sea, to take command of her warship and join the battle.Quan Xu is a very principled person, even if Helena voluntarily dedicates herself, the 130 mm 28 times the diameter of the artillery, should not be sold, or not.However, he sold twenty-five 130 mm front-loading smoothbore guns, which were not rifled, but could fire the brimstone incendiary bombs of the whole army, which was more than a little more advanced than the warships of the same period.When there was no way, she had to use women as men, so Helena took her newborn daughter to the battlefield.A Venetian soldier asked with some apprehension, "Your Highness, your body?"
”Helena waved her hand: "Don't worry, I'm fine!"
”Helena's self-confidence was brought to him by Quan Xu, although this 130mm smoothbore gun was only an early experimental model of the whole family army, and selling it to her was an exception.With the Princess taking the lead, she joined the fray.In front of many nobles, the Princess began a salvo at a distance of more than six hundred meters from the enemy ship.However, those nobles looked distressed: "Waste of gunpowder!"
”That's right, in a naval battle at this time, firing at a distance of 600 meters is a waste of shells, even if it is 400 meters, it would be good to be able to hit the opponent with a third of the shells.However, under the gaze of the Venetian nobles, the twelve broadside guns on the first and second decks of the Princess let out a palpitating roar at the same time, and the guns of the black hole spewed out thunderstorm-like fire, and the whole battleship seemed to retreat to the side.Twelve sulfur shells swept through the air and smashed into the enemy ships 600 meters away, two-thirds of the shells missed, stirring up high columns of water on the sea, but still four shells hit the merchant ship directly, smashing four large holes in the hull.The naval commander in charge of commanding the naval battle nodded slightly, and a third of the shells hit directly in the first round of fire, which was already a very ideal hit rate, and it could not be done with the best artillery in Venice.The admiral was also overjoyed, and took advantage of his illness to kill them, and the other warships also approached the 1,500-ton battleship that had been hit by Helena, preparing to send the main battleship to the bottom of the sea with wolf pack tactics.The Ottoman navy never had an advantage over the weak Venetian navy, but the problem was that half a year ago, Britain, the European-stirring stick, sold three captured 1,500-ton warships of the Spanish Armada to the Ottoman Empire after repair.When the Spanish Arma faced the British battleships, it was already backward, but such a large battleship, the biggest feature is to carry the beating, in the era when there were no high-explosive grenades and incendiary bombs, it was not an easy thing to sink a battleship, a few pounds of solid lead ball for a battleship of hundreds of tons, thousands of tons of warships seemed really small, often the two fleets bombarded each other for a long time, everyone's deck was broken upside down, and the battleships that were really sunk were only a dozen or a few.This merchant ship has a displacement of 1,500 tons, and it is very difficult to sink such a large one.However, to the surprise of the Venetian nobles, Helena directly stopped the second round of shelling and also sent a flag to the other ships to stop approaching the enemy ship.The Venetian officers were very puzzled, and soon they understood what was the matter, to be precise, the brimstone bombs did not give the Venetians any opportunity to question them, and in a minute, the Ottoman warships rose into thick smoke, and soon merged into a black column of smoke and rose into the sky, the fire rushed from the bilge of the battleship, climbed up to the deck, the rigging and sails became the best ignitions, and the powder kegs placed on the ship to simulate the real scene after the battleship was hit exploded one after another, emitting a huge roar one after another.
The entire ship was blown to pieces, and large fireballs were thrown in all directions.The flames swept across the deck, all the way up to the top of the mast, and the huge sails turned into torches, and the light of the fire could be clearly seen twenty or thirty kilometers away!
The Venetians watched in amazement, and they couldn't believe that just four shells had destroyed such a large ship!
The commander of the Venetian navy, Admiral Winter, broke out in a cold sweat on his forehead, took a hissing breath, and muttered, "This ship is completely ruined even if it is not sunk......
With such a fierce fire, who would dare to stay on it?
Terrible, terrible!
”With the capital ship engulfed in flames, the Ottoman navy began to retreat, and the Venetian Empire began to fight back into victory, and all the ships joined the pursuit.The nobles were very grateful to Helena, especially General Derwent said to Helena excitedly: "Your Royal Highness Princess, it is wonderful that you have exchanged for the city-state the weapon we have coveted and the kingdom of the town!"
Hurry up and rest, I'll have you get what the Governor of the East needs, and you'll leave as soon as you're done!"
Not only do we have to bring those goods, but we also have to bring enough gold coins to buy more guns and shells before the rest of the world reacts, and the future of the city-state depends on it!
”"I have a solution to the problem of underpopulation in our Venetian city-state!"
Helena hugged little Catherine: "I need to convene an interim parliament and have a democratic vote!"
”Quan Xu's artillery gave Helena great confidence, also as the princess of the Venice city-state republic, Helena's princess is actually not a real princess, but because she was born in the Dandoro family, according to the Ming title system, she is only the daughter of a duke, just a county lord.Quan Xu told Helena that there are only three ways to change the problem of Venice's underpopulation, either to increase fertility, improve health care, reduce the infant mortality rate, and at the same time, increase immigration.Today's Venice is in shaky and dangerous circumstances, and it is unattractive and difficult to attract immigrants from the Holy Roman Empire.The only way for the Venetian city-state republic was to buy prisoners, or political prisoners, from the Holy Roman Empire."
Your Royal Highness, how do you guarantee that these criminals will be loyal to the Venice city-state republic?""
It's easy!"
Helena smiled confidently: "Freedom and wealth, we can sign a contract with those who have no way out, they become soldiers of the Republic of Venice City-State, they can get the income of Holy Rome for ten years every year, as long as they serve the Republic of Venice for five years, they can get freedom, they can also enter the property and life in the Republic of Venice openly, and their children can get education......
"The population problem is the biggest problem in Venice, and in this way, Helena received the support of the councillors as a pilot planVenice bought more than 6,000 bankrupt peasants, criminals, and heretics from the Holy Roman Empire through bribes.If you count their families and relatives, it is nearly 20,000 people.When they arrived in Venice, they swore allegiance to the Republic of the Venice City-State, and to the surprise of the Venetians, they were very disciplined, resolute in execution, and especially brave in battle.Because these people are the Germans of later generations
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