Adrian looked for it from the box he was carrying, and then took out a rolled-up drawing and handed it to Yang Jing, "This is the overall rendering of the building I designed at that time, you can see how it is."
To be honest, when I handed over this design to Prince Alwaleed, I was actually a little reluctant, because the overall style of the building I designed is really not very suitable for the folklore of Saudi Arabia, but more suitable for you in China.As you know, I have designed two super high-rise buildings in China, one is the Jin Mao Tower and the other is the Zifeng Tower, so I have a good impression of the country, and this design is more in line with the traditional style of China. ”Yang Jing opened the rendering and was immediately attracted by the building drawn on it.The overlook of this building is a slightly distorted five-pointed star pattern, not the kind of positive five-pointed star, but a little variation.As for the façade rendering, it is a spire that looks like a triangular pyramid, and the bottom of the building is the largest, but the building shrinks as the height increases, until it reaches the very top, and it shrinks into a spire.The whole looks as if a three-edged military thorn has been erected on the ground, piercing the sky."
Hehe, you can also see it, I originally named this building the five-star tower, because the overall structure of this building is a five-pointed star pattern, and the five-pointed star is also of special significance to Huaxia.At the same time, this building can also be called the Five Elements Tower, gold, wood, water, fire and earth, in your ancient Chinese civilization inheritance, the five elements are also one of the most important inheritances, the five corners of this building represent the mysterious five elements. ”"Well, not bad, pretty good!
I really like this design.But Ade, where did you get the inspiration for this design?
”"Hehe, that's a bit of a coincidence.I have a little grandson, who is 17 years old this year, and when he was five years old more than 10 years ago, he was playing with a paper ball made of several regular triangle cubes, which is a toy scientifically called a pentasecting tetrahedron. ”Yang Jing nodded, he had seen this kind of origami toy, a very magical toy."
Because each face of this pentasecting tetrahedron will take on the shape of a pentagram, my inspiration suddenly came, so I designed this five-star tower based on the principle of this pentasecting tetrahedron."
After a pause, Adrian continued: "We all know that triangles are the most stable structures, so there are a lot of major structures in supertall buildings that are triangular.The overall structure of this five-star tower is composed of five triangles, so structurally speaking, the five-star tower has a very stable structure. ”"Well, in fact, the architectural concept of the Burj Khalifa that I designed before was a 'desert flower', with a three-petaled symmetrical blooming flower, and a spiral of 21 gradually rising setbacks, and the whole building like a budding flower.The core idea of this design is actually a regular triangular structure.There is also the Kingdom Tower I designed, which is also derived from the design idea of the regular triangular structure.If you want to build a super high-rise building, the first thing to ensure is that the core structure of the building must have sufficient stability, and the triangle is undoubtedly the best choice. ”Yang Jing nodded and said: "Ade, your design concept is very correct, this kind of super high-rise building, stability is the first." ”Adrian said with a smile: "That's right, so in my design, there are almost no buildings that are all made of steel, and the buildings I designed are mainly steel concrete, and then the top part of the building is all steel." ”"Hey, is it possible that the use of any building materials can affect the stability of the building?"
Yang Jing asked puzzled."
That's nature!
The choice of building materials plays a crucial and decisive role in the stability of the building!
Albert, you should know that one of the most feared by this kind of super high-rise building is earthquakes, and the other is strong winds.It is difficult to say about earthquakes, and generally speaking, the site selection of super high-rise buildings will be selected in areas with relatively stable geological conditions to avoid the impact of earthquakes on buildings to the greatest extent.However, there is no way to avoid strong winds, and the impact of wind on the building is the first consideration in the design of each super high-rise building with a height of more than 400 meters.Because the higher the building, the stronger the wind is experienced by its upper part, and the greater the displacement of the building.This is a proportional relationship that cannot be avoided. ”"However, if you use different building materials, you can minimize the impact of wind on the building.In the sixties and seventies of the last century, there was a general consensus in the global architectural community, that is, 'all-steel structure is superior to concrete structure, suitable for super high-rise buildings', so a large number of steel structure high-rise buildings of more than 300 meters were built during that period, such as the height of the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York reached 412 meters in 1971, and the height of the Chicago Sears Tower completed in 1974 reached 442 meters. ”"Well, I know this, it seems that the all-steel structure is not very good for fire prevention, right?
The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, which collapsed in the 911 attacks, were caused by a fire that melted down the steel structure of the building, eventually leading to the collapse of the twin towers. ”Yang Jing said."
That's right, although the steel structure reduces the overall weight of the building, but as you said, the all-steel structure of the super high-rise building is a very negative factor for fire protection.If the World Trade Center Twin Towers had been made of concrete, perhaps the twin towers would not have collapsed. ”Adrian nodded."
Moreover, there is an unavoidable status quo of super high-rise buildings with all-steel structures, that is, the displacement of high-rise buildings is too large.In the eighties and nineties of the last century, it was found that the all-steel structure could not meet the requirements of further increase in building height, and the reason was that the lateral stiffness of the steel structure was difficult to keep up with the rapid growth of height.In other words, it is this kind of all-steel structure super high-rise building, because of the wind in the upper part, the displacement is much greater than that of the concrete structure. ”"This is clear from the contrast between the Burj Khalifa and the twin towers of the World Trade Center.I designed the Burj Khalifa with a new structural system of concrete structure at the bottom and steel at the top.From minus 30 meters underground to 601 meters above ground, it is a reinforced concrete shear wall system; 601 to 828 meters are steel structures, of which 601 to 760 meters are steel frames with diagonal braces. ”"The World Trade Center in New York is an all-steel structure, so the maximum displacement of the two towers on one side at 412 meters is 1,000 millimeters; The Burj Khalifa concrete structure, on the other hand, has a maximum displacement of only 450 mm on one side at 601 meters.Even from the Burj Khalifa itself, the maximum displacement on one side is only 450 mm at 601 meters at the apex of the concrete structure, but at 760 meters at the apex of the steel frame, the maximum displacement on one side quickly increases to 1,250 mm.At the top of the steel mast at 828 meters, the maximum displacement on one side reaches 1450 mm.Therefore, the Burj Khalifa has arranged the hotel and apartments in concrete sections below 601 meters, and the steel structure sections above 601 meters are used as office buildings.The displacement above is too large for people to live in, only for offices. ”Hearing this series of data, Yang Jing couldn't help but say in surprise: "The gap between the all-steel structure and the concrete structure is so big?
”"That's right, the gap between these two types of building materials is so big!"
Adrian affirmed.The so-called floor displacement, refers to a general physical phenomenon of super high-rise buildings, generally speaking, after the height of the building exceeds a certain limit, it will be offset under the action of lateral stress, such as wind, which is an inevitable physical phenomenon, the higher the floor, the greater the amplitude of displacement.Generally speaking, displacement refers to the amplitude of horizontal shaking of a building from side to side, while unilateral displacement refers to the amplitude of shaking of a building to one side.The greater the displacement, the more unstable the building is.It's simple, it's shaking too much!
If the displacement exceeds a certain limit, the building will shake more and more under the action of lateral stress, and eventually collapse with a bang.Therefore, there are strict regulations on the floor displacement coefficient of super high-rise buildings in the construction industry, and if the model of super high-rise buildings cannot pass the wind tunnel test, it is absolutely forbidden to build the building.After the design of a supertall skyscraper is finalized, several models of different scales will be made for testing, for example, the scale of the overall model for testing rigidity and aeroelasticity is usually 500:1, and the model used to test local wind studies is 250:1 or even 125:1.This test model can intuitively reflect the influence of lateral stress on the building, so as to judge whether the design scheme of the building is qualified.Adrian continued: "It is precisely because of the huge gap in displacement between the all-steel structure and the concrete structure that since the eighties and nineties of the last century, the reinforced concrete core tube plus the peripheral steel structure has become the basic form of super high-rise buildings.The Jin Mao Tower, the Zifeng Tower, the Burj Khalifa, as well as the Kingdom Tower and Greenland Center under construction, are all in this structural form. ”"I remember that the Burj Khalifa was designed according to the local 55-year strong wind, which is 55 meters per second.As a result, when the wind tunnel was tested, the horizontal displacement of the model was almost no different from the maximum displacement data tested after the building was completed in the face of a strong wind that occurred once in 50 years.So, my design back then was absolutely qualified.Therefore, in the design of this five-star tower, I also adopted the same structural form as the Burj Khalifa and the Kingdom Tower, although this design has not passed the wind tunnel test, but I believe that my design should meet the requirements. ”"Then you mean that this five-star tower or the dragon building will also adopt this structural form?"
Yang Jing asked."
That's right, it's the most suitable structure for supertall buildings right now, well, I mean it's the best way to put money and pressure on the ground, and of course, if it can pass the wind tunnel test, that's even better.Well, you just called this edifice I designed the Dragon Building?
”"Hehe, of course, because I'll name this building after my company.Congratulations to Ade, I adopted this design of yours!
”ps: Bow and thank the "very lazy fish" for the tip of 100.