At the time of the contract exchange, we will strive to add a note to protect the Chinese workers.In his report to the Chinese government on the investigation of Chinese workers in Peru, Rong Hong proposed that "if China approves the recruitment of workers, it must send a minister to be stationed in the capital of Lima to properly discuss the protection of the Chinese workers' charter, and in case of non-compliance with the treaty, they should be able to reason with them at any time.Peru sent the former deputy envoy and the new secretary to Alemor to Zimbabwe to exchange the treaty, and Li Hongzhang said: "The previous treaties should have been exchanged, but the abuse of Chinese laborers was more tragic than that of black slaves, which was quite inconsistent with the preamble of Guersier and the noble envoys."
Now that you have come to exchange the contract, there are still deficiencies in the special article on the investigation and handling of Chinese workers established in the previous year, and it is proposed to first discuss the appropriate measures or add terms or add a note, and then exchange the previous agreement and the agreement. ”Because "if we do not make it clear in the note now, that is, if we vaguely exchange contracts with them, it means that the Chinese laborers who have passed in the past will not be able to live, and the Chinese laborers who have returned will die again, and the hundreds of thousands of people who have been waiting for help in the fire and water for hundreds of thousands of days have no hope of coming to Suzhou." ”The reason why Li Hongzhang dared to forcefully ask for the first Chinese workers to protect the note when renewing the contract was not only the confirmation provided by Rong Hong, but also because he clearly realized the importance of Chinese workers to Peru, he believed that "the country is sparsely populated, and it is impossible to expand its livelihood without recruiting workers, and I can honestly establish a strict ban on the coastal provinces of Fujian and Guangdong, and do not allow a person to go to Peru privately, then he has no more workers to command, and he must cherish the past work a little, and he has no work to recruit, and his livelihood is declining.
Forgive him and not be stubborn. ”In the face of Li Hongzhang's tough attitude, Ge Envoy said that he "was ordered to come here to exchange the contract that had been made, and he could not negotiate other payments" and "insisted that a minister be sent to change the contract as soon as possible."
Li Hongzhang was also extremely cautious about the choice of the minister for the exchange of contracts, and Ding Richang became his first choice, because he believed that "the former Fu pointed out that Ding Richang was familiar with foreign affairs and that it was appropriate to manipulate everything, and although the exchange of the contract in Peru was a matter of routine, it was reported that the number of Chinese workers in the country was quite large, and the suffering situation was almost the same as that of Cuba.Ding Richang has always been admired by foreigners, and if Monte sends the minister to exchange business offices nearby, it seems to be more effective. ”At the beginning of the negotiations, Ding Richang "told the Peruvian Chinese workers that they were still very abusive and that they had to send a note at the time of the contract exchange, stating that after that, all the previous mistreatments should be removed, and the contract could only be renewed if the letter was agreed to be complied with."
However, the envoy said, "I am now on the order of the lord of the state to deal with the matter of the renewal of the contract, and before the renewal of the contract, I have no right to do anything, not only can I not prepare a document to agree, but I cannot discuss the matter." ”Ding Richang solemnly stated that "China always relies on the Chinese treaty, and if it misses this article, it will not be interchangeable with each other."
After the persuasion of the British envoy Wei Tuma, the Chinese envoy Mei Huili, and other consuls of other countries, such as Mitoshi and Bidger, Ding Richang and Li Hongzhang decided to make conditional concessions, and finally "exchanged the special articles of the Imperial Treasure Treaty first, and the rest of the special articles of the foreign treaty were temporarily stored in the Tianjin Customs and Provincial Bureau, and the secret country sent the special articles of the Chinese treaty.
That is, by the Tianjin Customs Road and the envoy to replace".In the end, Peru stipulated in the note that "the previous malpractice of mistreating Chinese workers should be completely eliminated, and it should be handled in accordance with the special articles and peace treaties, and it is strictly ordered that the Chinese workers' wealth and property should be protected to prove their integrity, and the country should also send a messenger or a committee member to investigate it, and if there is anything that can be used to protect and eliminate the evils of the Chinese workers, we will consult with your country at any time to give full assistance, and make a proper constitution to achieve perfection."
The Chinese government and Li Hongzhang won another certain victory.Although measures have been taken to effectively protect the Sino-Secret Treaty, Li Hongzhang is deeply concerned about this.President Meng replied: Strictly prohibit recruitment and cut off its source.With Li Hongzhang presiding over diplomacy, the framework of all government functional departments in China has been finalized.This also made President Meng breathe a sigh of relief, and the next thing is to develop the navy and prepare to go to North Korea."
The navy must be strengthened, the navy represents the security of a country, and the army can only protect the territory, but it cannot reassure the people."
President Moe said to Princess Katrina Cafe.Princess Katrina Kaaf nodded, "It really can't be done without a strong navy.The British and French were too rampant. ”"Not only the British and the French, the Germans, the Tsarist Russia and the Americans, but we must also not let our guard down, these great powers, for the time being, prostrate for the time being, because their strength does not meet the conditions for global expansion, but in Europe, the influence of Tsarist Russia and Germany is no less than that of Britain and France.In the Americas, the Americans are even more dominant, and these must be paid attention to. ”President Moe continued."
Yes, we have been collecting information on this, and the information about these major countries is updated in real time every week."
Princess Katrina Kaaf retrieved several top-secret intelligence bags from the filing cabinet.President Meng nodded, "This is a must, the money spent on intelligence can't be saved, and if we save this money, we are deaf and blind." ”Armament policy and military profiles of the great powers at the end of the 19th century.Great Britain: Naval PriorityGreat Britain Since modern times, its naval construction and its overseas colonial undertakings have been interdependent and mutually reinforcing, and together they have become a strong cornerstone of the British Empire.In view of this, the British Government attaches great importance to the building of the navy, and has always placed it in a more important position than the army, and its armament policy has a distinctive feature of giving priority to the navy.By the end of the 19th century, the British government still adhered to this armament policy, and still pursued the goal of building "the navy of its country to be strong against the navies of the two great powers."
Specifically, the British Navy is stronger than the navies of the two countries in second and third place combined.In 18571858, Britain's naval budget was 8,440,100 pounds; 9,013,000 pounds in 18701871; With an annual investment of tens of millions of pounds, this is a very frightening increase in British naval funding in the last decade, which is directly related to the international situation in which Germany proposed to build its own powerful navy.The British government sought to maintain the absolute superiority of its navy over the navies of the major European powers, so it did not hesitate to compete with Germany at great expense.In 1870, the total tonnage of ships in the British Navy was 633,000 tons.In the original history, in 1882, there were 74 armored ships, including 5 ships under construction, totaling 523,080 tons, and 85 non-armored ships, totaling 189046 tons, a total of 159 ships 712126 tons; In 1890, there were 254 armored and non-armored ships, totaling 892361 tons; In 1899, it was 472 1265969-ton torpedo boats.Before 1879, 8 warships, 11 coastal defense ships, 6 cruisers, and 31 gunboats and torpedo boats were under construction in the plan, and the tonnage of the British navy was always greater than or equal to the tonnage of the navies of any two or even three countries in Western Europe combined during the same period.In 1870, it was equivalent to 63 of the navies of France, Germany, Italy, Austria and Russia combined, and the British planned to rise to 675 within ten years.During this period, many new technologies of the world's navy, such as ironclad protection, torpedoes, and destroyers, were not the first of their kind in Britain, but the British Navy was able to actively absorb them and quickly bring them to the level of practical use and form new combat effectiveness.Therefore, the British Navy not only ranked first in the world in terms of tonnage at that time, but also the speed, endurance, armor protection, and attack power of its fleet were second to none in several aspects.Taking the speed as an example, most of the armored ships of the British Navy have a speed of more than 16 knots, and seven of them have reached more than 18 knots.This speed level is more advanced than that of France, Germany, Russia, Italy, Austria, and the United States at the same time.Taking rapid-fire guns as an example, its armored ships are equipped with 824 guns, which is several times more than the rapid-fire guns on all other navies combined.By the time of the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, Britain had 668 warships and 201,000 naval personnel.Speed and rate of fire are both symbols of naval power and technology, not to mention China, which has not yet started, and no country can compete with the British Navy.At the end of the 19th century, the British army remained in its original form.Its native garrison was divided into a standing army and a national army for internal defense.Its standing army includes infantry, cavalry, artillery, and engineers, and its establishment includes corps, divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, and companies.In 1870 the British Army Standing Army totalled 3.02 million men.The British National Army was about 200,000 men.In addition to the mainland, the British also had Royal Army in India, Africa, Australia, etc., and at the same time formed a "Turkish army" composed of local residents.Although its army equipment has also undergone marked changes with the progress of modern military technology, there is a gap between its level and that of the German army.France: Equal emphasis on the navy and the army.France is located in Western Europe, on the Atlantic Ocean in the west, across the sea from the United Kingdom; South of the Mediterranean, with Italy and Spain as neighbors; It borders Germany to the east.In terms of national defense, it has to defend against Germany, a strong enemy on land, and Britain, a strong rival at sea, and the objective situation forces it to have a strong army and navy at the same time.After the Franco-Prussian War, the French have always taken revenge against Germany as a powerful spiritual motive force and vigorously strengthened the construction of the army.In this context, the French government's allocation to the Army has also risen rapidly year by year.In 1870 the French Army was allocated $75 million, in 1890 it was $142 million, and in 1905 it was increased to 679329916 francs.At the end of the 19th century, the French Army had a total of 20 corps, of which the 19th Army was stationed in Africa, the others were stationed in the mainland, and there were patrol troops and other units.The army has divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, companies, detachments, platoons, and squads.Generally, each army has 1 infantry regiment, 1 hunting infantry battalion, 2 cavalry brigades, 1 artillery brigade, 1 engineer battalion, and 1 baggage company.In peacetime, each army has about 12,000 soldiers, and in wartime it can be expanded to 24,000 soldiers.In 1870, there were 380,000 officers and men in the national army.In World War I, after the outbreak of the Great War, after general mobilization, the army expanded rapidly, with a total of 93 divisions and 3.58 million people in France.At the end of the 19th century, the French Navy was the second largest navy in the world.In 1870, the French Navy had 4.57 million tons of ships; In 1887, 58 armored ships were planned to be 33.68 million tons, and 95 unarmored ships were 14.38 million tons; In 1890, the plan was 5.35 million tons, of which 61 armored ships were 35.53 million tons, 102 unarmored ships were 1.69 million tons, and 194 torpedo boats were 1.07 million tons.Over the course of 10 years, it was planned to build 16 combat ships, 7 armored cruisers, 2 coastal defense ships, 23 cruisers, 14 gunboat boats, 2 destroyers, 111 torpedo boats, and 3 submarines.By the end of the twentieth century, the French Navy planned to have 480 ships of various types with a total displacement of 65.25 million tons.In 1899, the French navy was about half of the total tonnage of the British navy, but it was twice as large as the navies of Germany, Russia, and the United States.The French Navy has a total of 315 large and small warships and 50,900 naval personnel.Not to mention the UK, the Chinese Navy wants to catch up with France, and President Meng doesn't know how many years it will take.t1706231537: