All the units of the 1st Regiment of the 1st Field Division of the Chinese Army were in place and launched an attack before dawn according to the scheduled time."
Send a signal, the general attack begins" The commander of the first regiment gave an order, and a red signal flare hit the pitch-black sky, which was so eye-catching, and in an instant, the silent night was broken, and the red brilliance made people dozens of kilometers away see it clearly.The commander-in-chief of the US army, Suppel, got up in shock."
What the hell is going on," Shepel shouted in fright, half to death.Although he was a very experienced commander, he was really scared now, and he couldn't think of why there was such a dense gunfire, which was obviously a large army attacking the city.However, this is Shimonoseki City, isn't the Chinese army obviously in Nagasaki, a few hundred miles away, why did he suddenly fight here Xue Peier is a fierce general who participated in the Civil War.The 18611865 Civil War was a decisive event in American history.As a result of the Lincoln government's implementation of a series of revolutionary measures in 1862, such as the emancipation of slaves and the introduction of homestead laws, the situation of the war changed in favor of northern industrial capitalism from the second half of 1862.The end result was the victory of the bourgeoisie over southern plantation slavery, thus removing the greatest internal obstacle to the rapid development of capitalism.Since then, the US economy has embarked on a new stage of rapid development.An important period in American history was the Southern Reconstruction in 18651887.This is a continuation of the political and economic struggle between the North and the South for bourgeois economic democracy and political democracy.Although the reconstruction of the South ended in a compromise between the two forces, the North and the South, the social and economic structure of the South has been slowly transformed into capitalist agriculture, and the contradictions between the North and the South have undergone a correspondingly important transformation, that is, the contradictions between the political forces representing the two different social systems have been transformed into factional struggles representing the different interest groups that maintain capitalist production relations.On the whole, the economic system and social politics of the post-war South have undergone slow changes in favor of the industrial bourgeoisie and capitalism, but this compromise has also allowed the United States to maintain a huge gap between the North and the South, and the South still retains some of the remnants of slavery and its forces.This was a turbulent period in the history of the U.S. economy.The United States began the scientific and technological revolution marked by the revolution of electricity and the revolution of the internal combustion engine, completed modern industrialization at the highest level in the world at that time, and became the world's number one industrial power by catching up with Germany and the United Kingdom.At the same time, liberal capitalism developed into a typical modern enterprise organization and trust state, and modern organizations such as Poole, trusts, and holding companies appeared, and entered the development stage of modern capitalism, that is, monopoly capitalism.In the political sphere, the United States formed a bourgeois two-party system that mainly represented the interests of monopoly capitalism, and with the rise of modern industrialization and urbanization, as well as the upsurge of the workers' and peasants' movement, a series of social problems arose.In the intellectual realm, anarchist, socialist, progressivist, populist and expansionist currents prevailed during this period.In the diplomatic sphere, the United States began to end its early isolationist diplomacy and pursue a shift towards an aggressive policy of foreign expansion.Overall, this is a turn-of-the-century turning point.It began the transition from a period dominated by free competition to a period dominated by monopoly; the transformation from a predominantly modern agricultural country to a modern industrial country; the transition from a predominantly rural society to a predominantly urban society; the transition from the early technological revolution to the modern new technological revolution; the shift from laissez-faire to local period and sectoral state intervention; and the shift from mainland expansion to overseas expansion.Is the combat effectiveness of the U.S. military in Sappell's hands stronger than the British army?
Not only President Meng, but the entire Chinese army is actually very concerned about this issue, because the Americans were relatively close to us at the beginning.At the beginning, President Moe used to play the banner of the Hawaiian Kingdom in Princess Katrina Kaf's hometown.The reason why President Meng dares to do it directly against the Americans is mainly because the Americans have a colonial tradition.It's not a good stubble, anyway, if you can run to Asia, President Meng doesn't want to let go.Moreover, judging from the current international situation, it is the United States, not the British and French, that China is the first to be vigilant.In the mid-17th century, the British crossed the Atlantic to colonize North America, establishing two colonies in Plymouth and Jamestown, which later developed into today's Virginia and Massachusetts, respectively.The founders of the Plymouth colony were Puritans fleeing religious persecution in England who wanted to establish a heavenly kingdom on earth in North America.In the early days of their establishment, they followed the teachings of the Bible in everything and economically implemented an egalitarian policy of the people's commune.But this practice soon had drawbacks, the colonists had no enthusiasm to engage in labor, and would rather die than open up wasteland and farm, and even didn't bother to build a house because they were afraid of people living in it.Coupled with the new environment and climate, the difficulty of developing wasteland, and the harsh natural environment such as a large number of jackals, tigers and leopards, the mortality rate of new immigrants in the first few years of the colony was extremely high.Jamestown in the south has been temporarily abandoned, while Plymouth is on the verge of extinction.And at this time it was the local Indians who extended a helping hand to them.With the help of the Indians, the colonists gradually became familiar with the flora and fauna, climate and landscape of the New World, and after the abolition of the Puritan economic policy, they quickly developed from a gathering place to a village, then to a town, and finally to what is now Boston.Boston also became a large port in the British North American colonies at that time, and was a relatively large timber trading center at that time, and the rapid development of trade made the city economically active.It can be said that in the early days of the North American colonies, the relationship between the colonists and the Indians was relatively harmonious.Although there are also such things as the Dutch colonists exchanging glass beads for a Manhattan Island, most of the time the transaction between the two sides is still fair, after all, although people have never seen glass, the price of cattle, sheep, livestock, timber and grain is still clear.At that time, in the eyes of European colonists, the Indians, although they were barbarians who did not believe in God, were very intelligent people.This is very different from their attitude towards black Africans, who can be used as slaves, but not Indians.The inability of the Indians to assimilate was one of the reasons why the Americans eventually slaughtered them.At that time, the biggest difference between the European colonists and the Indians was the difference in lifestyle and social organization.Economically, the colonists were mainly engaged in agriculture, while the Indians were herding, and not only that, but in the eyes of the Indians, such things as ploughing the land were done by women, and the proud Indian men lived mainly on horses and whips.Politically, the colonizers copied their own system to organize governments, parliaments, and courts in the New World, while the Indians still lived a tribal life, with tribal leaders in charge of affairs.The biggest difference is in the land ownership system, the European colonizers are all supporters of private ownership, and have brought a complete set of land division, measurement, registration, and ownership systems from Europe, and gradually formed a complete "property rights chain".In the United States, the current title deeds can be consulted by the local government, and the land in the thirteen eastern states can be traced back to the royal grant, and then passed down from generation to generation to the present.And this land system did not exist among the Indians.Until now, the Indians' concept of land was collective ownership, and the land was owned by the tribe.Because it is collectively owned, they do not have an idea of the size of the land owned by individuals, and the size of the collective land area is more often based on the ancient myth that "this land has been ours since ancient times", rather than on the black and white title deeds and transaction records.If the Indian tribes are adjacent to each other, they may have a general sphere of influence due to conflicts, and if they are far apart, they basically do not know where the outer edge of their land is.In addition, they are engaged in animal husbandry, and they do not need and cannot have a fixed area of territory, that is, "living by water and grass", so they do not care about the gains and losses of one island and one place at all.That's probably why they think it's okay to trade Manhattan for glass beads.First of all, this land may not be theirs from the ancestors, and this small island is not suitable for grazing, so everyone can move the place.In their opinion, maybe the Dutch are two.The Chinese word Indian itself is inaccurate, firstly because it was a historical mistake by Columbus, and secondly, the title does not distinguish between the great differences in the course of Native American civilization.The Indians of South America were an advanced ethnic group that had established several independent civilizations, forming states such as the Aztecs and the Maya, with relatively complete systems.The North American Indians, on the other hand, did not have the concept of a state, and the hundreds of tribes did not even have a loose alliance at first, and the lack of an agrarian system meant that there was no way to form a so-called "border", and there was no so-called sovereignty.Imagine that if all of North America ran out of grass, they would definitely still migrate to other places, and the pressure of survival would be greater than the affection for the land.For a group of nomads in the pre-nation-state stage, North America was just a temporary place to stay for a long time.In essence, the relationship between European colonists and North American natives is similar to the relationship between our Han people in the Central Plains and the northern nomads, or the kind before the Western Han Dynasty, unlike the later Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms or Liaojinxia Mongolia still had the concept of a state.Therefore, according to the Western concept of territorial sovereignty at that time, the whole of North America was a terra nullius, and the Indians had the right to use the land, but not the ownership, because their understanding of the land was not exclusive.Therefore, in line with the principle of "preemption", European countries divided their spheres of influence in North America, for example, when the British colonists landed in New England, not only did people move over, but they also radiated the British royal power to the land they set foot on, and this land became owned by the British king, and the thirteen states in North America were basically established by royal decree or charter.Similarly, French immigrants were negligible, but they claimed sovereignty over Canada and the Louisiana region of central North America, even if the entire area was inhabited by indigenous peoples.The other principle is "conquest", not the conquest of the Indians by European nations, but the war between them.Britain defeated the Netherlands to occupy New York, France lost to Britain and ceded Canada, etc., and the United States independently inherited Britain's past colonial sovereignty, which was essentially a transfer of land ownership.At first, the Indians were ignorant of these arrangements and did not care about them, because North America was vast and sparsely populated, and European colonists and Indians could live in peace.However, with the increasing population of the North American colonies, the Indians, who had never cared about the size of the territory, also felt the tension of land resources, and the places where they used to graze and raise horses were enclosed by pieces of exclusive agricultural land, and the new immigrants were also very dissatisfied with the Indians' waste of land resources, and gradually the contradictions between the two sides began to be exposed.However, in general, the contradictions at this time were between private individuals, and the new immigrants originally came to the New World with the idea of taking risks, and although there were occasional casualties on both sides, the contradictions were not sharp.If there's one thing the Indians do wrong, it's that they always get it wrong every time they take sides on both sides of the conflict.Because the Indians did not have the concept of a country and a home, their tribes did not take other tribes into account when making decisions, but more often acted out of their own interests.They behaved more like the famous German mercenaries at that time, selling their lives to all parties involved in the war for money and goods, and coincidentally Germany at that time was only a geographical concept, divided into hundreds of independent kingdoms and city-states.As a fierce and warlike people, they were favored by both the British and French, and a considerable number of Indians from each side participated in the war.Because the French colonies in North America were all desolate places like Canada, with a small immigrant population, they relied more on the power of the Indians in North America than the British, so in American textbooks, the Seven Years' War was also called the "War against the French and the Indians".At that time, the British North American colonists, later the Americans, had already germinated an independent national consciousness, and as British subjects, they actively participated in the battlefield, and the Indians' defection to the enemy France also raised the contradictions between private individuals in the past to the level of inter-nation countries.Moreover, compared with the French who were defeated, the Indians who remained in North America were a big problem in the eyes of the North American colonists.To make matters worse, the war broke out in the disputed Ohio region, which bordered Virginia, then the largest colony in North America at the time.Coincidentally, it was none other than Washington, the first president of the United States, who was a major at the time, who received an order from the governor of Virginia to deliver a letter of protest to the French commander, but was attacked by the Franco-Indian forces on the way back.It was a full 22 years before the United States declared its independence.In the wars that followed, the Indians, led or instigated by the French, infuriated the entire Virginian upper class, and these people would become the backbone of the Revolutionary War, the leaders of the Constitutional Convention, and the founders of the "Virginia Dynasty" in the first three decades of the United States.After seven long years of war, Britain finally defeated France after conquering Quebec.However, because the national strength was exhausted, Britain could not continue to hold the Indians accountable for colluding with France.On the contrary, in order to avoid the continuation of the dispute, the British issued a royal edict that designated the western Appalachian Mountains as an Indian reservation, forbade the North American colonists from entering westward and clashed with the Indians, and even stationed troops to curb the westward expansion and prohibited the legal purchase of land from the Indians.This treachery, seen by the colonial subjects, created a wedge in Anglo-American relations, and the colonists felt that they would not be rewarded for their service to the British, and dealt a severe blow to the Virginians who hoped to expand the plantation economy to the west.The biggest loss was the Virginia upper-class who invested in the land speculation company "Ohio Company", which originally planned to hoard a batch of Ohio land at a very low price, and when the new immigrants came to pioneer the land at a high price to make huge profits, the British practice directly led to the bankruptcy of many investors.Britain's policy of "favoring" the Indians became one of the triggers for the North American colonies to pursue independence in the future.But before independence, because they could not take their anger out on the King of England, who "never makes mistakes", they had to hold a grudge against the Indians.The current situation in Huaguo is similar to the situation of the Americans towards the Indians at that time, because President Meng once took refuge in them."
It must be the Chinese army that asked everyone to gather quickly and prepare for battle" Xue Peier was furious, holding a telescope, listened for a while, looked at it for a while, and then understood everything, "Did you hear what I said" The adjutant shouted to the entire barracks while wearing it urgently: "Hurry up, hurry up, the general ordered, assemble quickly, and prepare for battle" This army of the Americans, most of whom are veterans who participated in the Civil War, is still very strong in combat capability.Although, in general, it is a bit old, this pirate-like army, among them, the younger ones are also 35 years old, and there are even 50-year-olds.The commander of the 1st Regiment of the 1st Field Division of the Chinese Army felt a little wrong.Because the Japanese quickly escaped, the Americans did not mess up at all, although they launched a surprise attack, but it seems that the Americans did not panic at all: "You don't need to rush hard, you must pay attention to maintaining the formation, by the way, set up all the mortars, bomb them first, and surround them." ”The commander of the 1st Regiment of the 1st Field Division of the Chinese Army calmly gave the order."
Yes, Captain."
The orderly next to him hurried to give the order to the herald.The first battalion had already surrounded itself and reached the streets on both sides.t1706231537: