The third part of Zhuangzi's Wandering Journey is devoted to two dialogues between Zhuangzi and Hui Shi.
Judging from the contextual relationship, it is obvious that it was excerpted from the dialogue between Zhuangzi and Hui Shi when the later Da Neng was editing and collating.
It mainly reflects his understanding of Taoism and his belief that Zhuangzi's idea of "wandering the world".
If we only understand the idea of "wandering the world", we will lose the correct understanding of Zhuangzi's thought.
Zhuangzi's article is more about how we survive in troubled times, how to survive in the cracks.
There is no way to be born in troubled times, and it is difficult to survive peacefully.
Therefore, if we roughly read Zhuangzi's articles, we will have the feeling of "wandering around the world" and the feeling of being passive and escaping from the world.
In fact, Zhuangzi is teaching us how to survive in troubled times.
Survival and living are the goal, and this is what he wants to express.
Because Taoism believes: born as a human being, it is rare to be a person once, it is not easy, and the opportunity is rare, so we must cherish it.
So we have to live, not be influenced by the outside world, and live well.
I can't stop others from living, so let them toss.
I don't mess with them, I live according to the Taoist outlook on life, the world, and the cosmology.
Therefore, Zhuangzi's philosophical thought is not the idea of "wandering the world", nor is it "mixing time and days".
Therefore, it can be seen from the name of the chapter of Getaway that this article on "Getaway" was not written by Zhuangzi himself.
Rather, later generations were able to edit and sort out the scattered articles of Zhuangzi according to their own understanding, and named them.
Zhuangzi and Hui Shi often debated together.
Hui Shi served as a foreign minister in the Wei State and often passed through his home country to meet Zhuangzi.
In this article on Getaway, only two of them have been excerpted by the editor.
The debate between the two is much more than that.
Zhuangzi's fame is far greater than Hui Shi's, and he is the inheritor of Taoist teachings.
And Hui Shi, although he is talented and learned, is best at debate.
Because of his ability to speak his tongue, he often does not please others.
Even many people are disgusted with him, thinking that he has no real skills.
Although Hui Shi was called the "originator of the famous family" by later generations, he was not a pleasant person at that time, but because he was an official in the Wei State, he lived a superior life than Zhuangzi's.
He debated with Zhuangzi because he was quick-witted and quick to react, and he often stumped Zhuangzi.
Sometimes with a bit of dogma, sometimes with a bit of a change of topic without talking about the point, sometimes catch your words wrong or something, stump Zhuangzi.
But in the end, Zhuangzi was able to fight on the basis of reason and turn defeat into victory.
When he couldn't talk about Zhuangzi, Hui Shi laughed and said something about Zhuangzi.
During the getaway, Hui Shi and Zhuangzi debated about what was big and small, what was useful and what was useless.
In fact, Hui Shi was ridiculing and ridiculing Zhuangzi.
Zhuangzi often said that those who did not know about Taoism thought he was "talking nonsense".
Hui Shi couldn't debate Zhuangzi, so he used this to ridicule and ridicule.
That means you just say something useless, you see you, you live so hard, what's the use of saying this, if you have that ability, you can improve your life In fact, Zhuangzi is the real great hidden, he is hidden in the wilderness.
He didn't want to live that kind of affluent life, he chose to live like the people around him.
If you choose to live a rich life, you have to be an official or go into business, but he doesn't like that kind of life.
He loved to learn and preach.
There is no way, interests and hobbies determine the trajectory of his life.
Hui Shi ridiculed and ridiculed Zhuangzi, saying: "The king of Wei has given me the seed of a big gourd, and I have made a tree, and it is five stones."
To hold water slurry, its strength can not bootstrap also.
If you cut it into a gourd, it will fall into nothing.
It's not that it's big, and I'm going to make it useless. ” Translated into the vernacular, it is probably as follows: The king of Wei gave me the seeds of a large gourd, and the gourd I planted was so large that it could hold five stones.
It was used to hold water, but it was too brittle to lift.
Cut it open as a gourd, and it was too big and flat to hold anything.
It's not that it's not big, it's just that because it's useless, I smashed it.
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Zhuangzi said: You don't know how to use it too much.
I'll tell you a story, and you'll listen to it.
There was a man in the Song Kingdom who was good at making medicine to prevent his hands from freezing and cracking, and his family had been rinsing silk wool as a profession for generations.
When a customer heard about it, he asked for a hundred gold to buy his prescription.
This Song family gathered the whole family to discuss and said: "My family has relied on this medicine for generations to engage in rinsing silk wool, and the income in a year is not more than a few gold; Now once you sell this prescription, you will get 100 gold, please promise me to sell it. ” When this guest bought the prescription, he went to lobby King Wu.
At that time, when the Yue country was in trouble, the king of Wu ordered him to be a general, and in the winter he started a water war with the Yue people, and defeated the Yue people, and the king of Wu cut the land and sealed the marquis to reward him.
It's also a prescription to prevent hands from freezing and cracking, some people rely on it to get a reward, but some people only use it to rinse silk wool, this is because the use method is different.
Now you have a big gourd that can hold five stones, why don't you tie it to your body as a waist boat and float in the rivers and lakes, but worry that it is too big and has nowhere to hold, which shows that your heart is too shallow and narrow-minded Zhuangzi not only refuted Hui Shi, but also ridiculed Hui Shi for not being able to use "big".
In fact, this paragraph is not just not going to be used much.
Rather, it tells us that as long as our outlook on life, worldview, and cosmology is correct, we can find a suitable way to survive in any environment, and live freely in real life.
In fact, Zhuangzi does not talk about "traveling in the world", teaching others to "mix time and time".
In the second dialogue, Hui Shi ridicules and ridicules Zhuangzi's Taoism as "useless" and useless to the world or to himself.
If it had been useful, Zhuangzi's life would not have been so difficult, and the people's life would not have been so difficult.
Hui Shi said: "I have a big tree, which people call it.
Its large capital is swollen but not in the rope ink, its twigs are curled but not in the rules, and the craftsman does not care.
The words of this son are big and useless, and everyone will go together. ” Translated into the vernacular, it probably means: "I have a big tree, and people call it Tsubaki; There are many lumps on its trunk, which are not in line with the rope and ink, and its branches are crooked and unruly.
It grows on the side of the road, and the carpenter doesn't even look at it.
Now the passage you said is too big to be useful, and everyone doesn't believe it. ” Chuang Tzu said, "Haven't you seen wild cats and weasels stooping there, waiting to catch the little animals that come and go; When it catches small animals, it jumps east and west, and does not avoid high and low; But as soon as he stepped into the trap of the beast, he died in the net.
Look at the yak, which is as big as a cloud on the edge of the sky; That's big enough, but it can't catch rats.
Now you have a big tree, and you are worried that it is useless, why not plant it in the useless desert, where there is no use, and you wander beside it at will, lying freely under it.
Think about whether this is the truth, this useless tree will not be cut down by an axe, and nothing will harm it if it grows here.
It's not useful, but it's not hard either Zhuangzi took Hui Shi's cleverness and traveled everywhere to lobby for example, becoming a wild cat and a weasel jumping around.
And his own "uselessness" is like the useless tree planted in the useless desert, at least he can be free from "hardship" and be free
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