The theme interpretation of the great master of Zhuangzi should be: Take this as a teacher, and there is no great mistake in life.
So what do we do to be human?
The correct interpretation of real people is that they are real people, and only in this way can they be regarded as "people", and only in this way can they be regarded as "people", and only then can they be worthy of the title of "people", and only then can they be "people" in vain.
Zhuangzi said at the beginning: Those who know what the heavens do and what people do are the best The meaning of this sentence is: to know what is natural and what is man-made.
It is important to distinguish between natural and man-made.
Nature cannot be changed for us, but people can change for us.
In fact, this sentence is not a matter of facts, ancient thinking and expression methods are different from modern people, and ink is like gold.
Combined with the following, it leads to the question of the origin of man and human beings that this sentence is intended to express.
To understand this passage, we must combine the previous articles such as "The Theory of Things" to understand what Tao is and the Taoist view of life and death.
If you don't read that, you can't understand it.
To sum up, the meaning of this passage is that man and human beings come from between heaven and earth, heaven and earth are our parents, and all things are brothers and sisters with us.
That is to say, we should stand on the high plane of the Tao to look at the relationship between man and nature, and the relationship between man and society and others.
And don't look at life from the perspective of the relationship between people and people and society, and deal with the relationship between people and people and society, the realm will be low.
Not only is the realm low, but it also brings endless troubles in life.
If you look at the relationship between man and nature, the relationship between man and society, and others from the height of the Tao, and think that man and man come from between heaven and earth, that heaven and earth are our parents, and that all things are brothers and sisters with us, then we will have no troubles in life if we use this outlook on life.
In fact, this paragraph is setting the tone for us and setting the standard for measurement: your outlook on life and life realm are different, and your life destiny will be different.
Of course, this is only theoretical, but it just shows that you understand life.
But in real life, there are still troubles.
Why Next, Zhuangzi explained the reason in detail.
It's not that you understand that there are no troubles in life, because you are not the only one in this society, and people in this society have mutual relations with each other, and people have contacts and friendships with each other.
You understand life, but others don't understand life, others will come to infringe on you.
So you understand that life does not completely solve life's troubles, and you still have troubles.
Then Zhuangzi began to talk about what a real person is, and how a real person behaves in social interaction.
In the first paragraph, the basic principles of life of real people are mainly discussed The true people of the ancients are not rebellious, not heroic, and not noble.
If so, they will repent and not be satisfied.
If so, if you climb high, you will not be wet, you will not be wet when you enter the fire, and you will not be hot when you enter the fire.
In the second paragraph, it is mainly a description of the mentality of real people, the difference between real people and ordinary people, and the mentality of the two is compared.
The ancient real people, they don't sleep, they don't sleep, they don't have to worry, they don't want to eat, and their breath is deep.
The breath of the true man is the heel, and the breath of the people is the throat.
Those who give in, their words are wow.
Those who are deep in their desire are shallow.
In the third paragraph, it is mainly about why real people are like this and then explains, real people understand life, and they look at life from the height and realm of the Tao.
That's why they're going to do that, and they're going to have that mentality.
In this paragraph, Zhuangzi mainly talks about the cycle of life.
The reincarnation of life that Zhuangzi talks about may not be the same thing as the reincarnation of life that Buddhism or other ideas talk about.
The main point is that human beings, like all things, come from the Tao, and return to the Tao after death.
As a human being or something after death, you don't know what it will evolve or change into, but as a substance or as a Tao, you will always exist.
For example, when a person dies and becomes a corpse, he becomes a substance, but as a substance, you will always exist.
People die and become corpses, and corpses become dirt, nourishment, or whatever, but they still exist.
If it becomes nourishment, it will exist in other plants and animals.
Then, from plants and animals to other substances, endless, forever.
Although it is a fact that people or substances exist forever, from the perspective of people, they think that they are no longer themselves, and they are no longer human.
But from the perspective of the Tao, it is the fact that as matter, it is always there.
Therefore, our outlook on life is different depending on the cognitive realm.
If your cognitive level is low, and if you look at problems from a human perspective, your life will not be happy.
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And when your cognitive realm is high, and you look at life from the height of the Tao, you feel very calm.
This is the result of the difference in realms In fact, we can ignore those things that our lives are not just to live, why bother thinking about those unhappy things, aren't they?
At the end of this paragraph, which is the third paragraph, it is about what your life will be like once you have the realm of real people.
The third paragraph reads as follows: The true people of the ancients did not know life, and they did not know evil death.
Its exit is not happy, and its entry is not far away.
Coming and going, just coming.
Don't forget where it started, don't seek what it ends.
Take it and like it, forget it.
Yes, it means not donating the Tao with the heart, not helping the sky with people, it is a real person.
If so, its mind, its solitude, its wind on the left upper "moon", the lower left "廾", the right "page" sound q.
It is sad like autumn, warm like spring, happy and angry, and it is suitable for things but I don't know what it is.
In the fourth paragraph, it is mainly about real people using soldiers.
The use of soldiers by saints is actually the use of soldiers by real people.
A saint must be a real person.
Why is this paragraph written?
Because people get along with each other, interact with each other, and make friends, you are a real person, and you do not affect the lives of others, but it does not mean that others do not affect or violate your lives.
Others invade your life, and in order to survive, you have to use soldiers Actually, this paragraph is very important In the inner chapter, Zhuangzi rarely talks about the use of soldiers.
It's almost almost not so direct, and it's also mentioned in the getaway and the theory of things, but it doesn't talk about specificity and comprehensiveness.
Zhuangzi also talks about the use of soldiers, not as interpreted by other scholars, in order to echo or buckle the hat, the Zhuangzi's philosophical thought is labeled as nothingness, negativity, swimming, etc., as if Zhuangzi is very afraid of death and only knows how to dodge.
In order to survive and maintain health, and cherish the process of this life, in order to live to the end of natural age, we must not have wars with others.
In order to survive, we cannot passively wait for death The saint uses the army, and he has to do it as a last resort, not for fame, not for profit, but for life.
Life for yourself, life for the world.
He then listed some of the ancient sages who were praised by later generations, and Zhuangzi believed that their greatest weakness was that they could not protect themselves and did not live for themselves To live for yourself is to be a real person Of course, it is not an extreme understanding that we must live for ourselves, live for ourselves selfishly, and live simply for the sake of living.
This is not the beginning of this text, which says, "Therefore, the saint uses soldiers to destroy the country without losing the hearts of the people."
"There should be a war or a war The fourth paragraph reads as follows: Therefore, the saint's use of soldiers also destroyed the country without losing the hearts of the people.
Leezer is for all eternity, not for lovers.
Therefore, it is a pleasure to pass things, and it is not a saint; There are relatives, but they are not benevolent; When the day is not virtuous; The interests are not clear, and the non-gentleman is also; If you lose your name, you are not a scholar; Death is not real, and neither are non-servants.
If Hu Bukai, Wuguang, Boyi, Shuqi, Jizi, Xu Yu, Ji Ta, and Shentu Di are the battles of servants, suitable for people, and not suitable for their fittest.
End of chapter: