As soon as Jie Gege heard Emperor Hua talk about the Literary Prison, her face changed slightly, because the most serious Literary Prison was the Qing Dynasty, and she was the last Gege of the Qing Dynasty, and she was still the biological daughter of Emperor Xianfeng.Geig pouted and looked out the window.Hua Huang looked at Jie Gege's appearance, he knew that Jie Gege was too careful, smiled slightly, and took Jie Gege's little hand, "What are you thinking about, you just love to take everything to yourself, the Qing Dynasty is the Qing Dynasty, you are you, can you equal the Qing Dynasty" Jie Gege turned his face back and sneered, "I'm not so stingy, in my place, I can talk about anything."
It's just that I don't really like to listen to it. ”Jiegege's words caused everyone to laugh."
Hahaha.Okay, in the future, let's not talk about the Qing Dynasty in front of Gege, it's already a thing of the past, and we still mind it. ”President Moe laughed."
The key to the past is that it hasn't been long in the past, and it won't be considered a thing of the past until people like me are dead."
Gege said coquettishly.During the Qing Dynasty, the literary prison was unprecedented, and deepened with the stability of the rule, the more stable the rule, the more the literary prison reached its peak, and in the Qianlong period, it was strengthened without addition, and China's traditional culture was distorted and deformed.According to Lu Xunda's statement, "There is really no place in the Wenyuan that is not ravaged."
Emperor Shunzhi was imprisoned 7 times, Emperor Kangxi was imprisoned more than 20 times, Emperor Yongzheng was imprisoned more than 20 times, and Emperor Qianlong was imprisoned more than 130 times.In the early Qing Dynasty, there were roughly three situations: the Qing ancestors were ruled by the Ming Dynasty, and they were subject to official attacks.After the occupation of the Central Plains, the Qing court was very secretive about this period of history, so it not only cut down and banned the old historical books, but also punished those who continued to compile and even collect them for the crime of "great rebellion".In the early Qing Dynasty, the anti-Qing ideology could not be eliminated for a long time, especially the Han scholars and doctors who were attached to the old Ming Dynasty and preached ideas such as "Yixia Defense", which was extremely unfavorable to consolidating the rule of the Qing court.In order to strengthen the feudal autocratic rule of the Manchurian aristocracy, it was necessary to violently crack down on anti-Qing ideology.At the time of Kangyong, the power struggle in the Qing imperial family was unprecedentedly intensified, and the history is known as the battle for succession.After Emperor Yongzheng ascended the throne, in order to consolidate the victories he had won, in addition to killing and seizing the kings, he did not hesitate to use the literary prison to fight the forces of "the party attached to the kings".Hua Huang smiled slightly, did not talk about the Qing Dynasty, and said casually: "We don't talk about the Qing Dynasty."
Not only China, but also Korea and Japan have many literary prisons.During the Joseon Dynasty, there were many records of literary prisons, most of which were related to political struggles.After Joseon Ruizong ascended the throne, he appointed the young general Nam Yi as the judge of the soldiers, which caused dissatisfaction among the old forces.The "unpeaceful country" in the poem "The boy is twenty years old and the country is not peaceful, who will be called the big husband in the future" in the minister Liu Ziguang's book guide Yi is the meaning of "not getting the country", and there is a heart of rebellion.Nam Yi was arrested, imprisoned, and executed along with a large number of others.During the period of Yansanjun in Joseon, the historian Jin Yusun revised the history and included the teacher Jin Zongzhi's Hangyi Emperor Wen in the Chengzong Record.Li Kedun, the minister of the old school, took the opportunity to write to Yan Shanjun, saying that the real intention of this article was to allude to Xiang Yu and Emperor Chuyi as Joseon Shizu and Lu Shanjun as Joseon Duanzong.So Yan Shanjun arrested a large number of Shilin faction people, and finally the dead Jin Zongzhi was dissected and beheaded, Jin Yusun and others were executed by Ling Chi, and many people were beheaded, executed or exiled.Because the year of occurrence is 1498, the year of the Ganzhi Chronicle Wuwu year, it is called the Wuwu Shi disaster. ”"The Koreans also have so many literary prisons," said Jegege, who did not care much about North Korea, mainly because of the idea of the Celestial Empire.At present, Gegege attaches more importance to the situation in Europe, but does not care much about the surrounding areas of China.In Jiegege's heart, the countries surrounding China did not pose much threat to China, and the Qing court was still very powerful.When Lee Tae-hee heard the emperor suddenly mention the history of Korea, his face turned red, and he continued: "The situation in Korea and the Qing Kingdom is similar, and there are many literary prisons.During the Zhongzong period, a large number of Shilin officials under Zhao Guangzu were executed and exiled.Afterwards, a man named Cui Shouyu wrote a letter to his uncle Cui Shijie, persuading him to stay away from the tense and sinister court of the political atmosphere, seek to be released, and wrote a poem: "On the Cangjiang River at dusk, the sky is cold and the water ripples.The lonely boat should be parked early, and there should be more wind and waves at night. ”Cui Shijie reported the poem written by Cui Shouyu to the imperial court, and Cui Shouyu was accused of "murdering the minister" and was imprisoned and executed.During the reign of Gwanghaejun in North Korea, Kim Zhijae's prison occurred, and when one of the implicated Huang Hyuks was raided, a poem by Confucian Quan Ji was discovered: "The palace willows and green warblers fly wildly, and the city is covered with beautiful spring light."
The court believed that "Gong Liu" referred to the Liu family, the wife of Gwanghae, and the whole poem was satirizing the court, so Quan Yan was also arrested and finally killed on the way to exile.During the reign of Yingjo of Joseon, the Ming Ji Ji compiled by Zhu Lu of the Qing Dynasty flowed into Korea, including the content that Lee Sung-gye was the son of Yi In-in, a powerful minister of Goryeo, and usurped the country.From the envoys who bought the book to the translators, booksellers, and book buyers, all of them were executed or killed, affecting their families and implicating nearly 1,000 people who were killed.Famous scholars and scholars also have many unjust deaths.During the reign of Emperor Gojong of Joseon, the Korean strategy of opening up the country to Korea written by Huang Zunxian, the Qing envoy to Japan, proposed that Korea open its doors to Korea, and was approved by the imperial court.However, the Confucian scholars resolutely opposed the opening of the country, so they held high the banner of "defending the right and rejecting the evil" and set off the Shangshu Movement, which was known as the "Xin Si Movement to Suppress the Evil Spirit" in history.Gaozong ordered the arrest of Confucian scholars in Shangshu, among which the Confucian scholar Hong Zaihe of the Western China School was believed to have "slandered the imperial court" and beheaded the public; Li Wansun, Jiang Jinkui and other Confucian scholars were exiled to a desert island. ”President Moe smiled slightly: "Not only Korea, but also Japan, where the ancient prison of writing was mainly concentrated in the Edo period.After the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, the literature network became denser, and it was forbidden to mention anything related to the Tokugawa family.Kashima Manbei said in his book Edo's Yuei that books related to the old shogunate period should not be mentioned in any matter related to politics, even the smallest things related to the Tokugawa family, and if they were violated, they should only be recounted on a distant desert island.The History of Writing Disasters written by the modern Japanese literati Miyatake Gogu includes 136 literary prison incidents in Japanese history, of which 127 occurred in the Edo period.Gong Wu himself also lamented in the preface of the book: I am afraid that it is rare for someone like me to repeatedly suffer from pen disasters, and if this was in the era of the shogunate, I am afraid that he would have been beheaded in the streets to show the public.If the feudal ruler has something that cannot be mentioned, he will have to go to a literary prison. ”"Your Majesty is an orthodox person who overthrows feudal rule, so naturally there is no such problem."
Princess Katrina Kafu concluded with a smile.President Meng nodded, "Yes, Huaguo is to firmly follow the democratic line, which can be corrected, but don't use harsh means to restrain it, and focus on correction."
This is a basic national policy. ”"Yes, Your Majesty."
Princess Katrina Kaf, Jiegege, and Lee Tae-hee are all officials with titles, and they listened to what the emperor said solemnly, and they got up together and agreed.Hua Huang smiled slightly, looked out of the train window, what is the difference between the scenery of Europe and China, Hua Huang and his entourage talked and laughed all the way, and did not think about the pressure of this European visit for the time being, and arrived in the Kingdom of Bulgaria three days later.The Kingdom of Bulgaria was regained its independence after Russia declared war on Turkey in 1877.After the end of the Russo-Turkish War in February 1878, Bulgaria gained independence from Ottoman Turkish rule and was reunified for a time.However, due to the inability of Russia, exhausted by the war, to withstand the pressure of the Western powers such as Britain, Germany, and Austria-Hungary, according to the Treaty of Berlin signed on July 13, 1878, Bulgaria was divided into three parts: the Principality of Bulgaria in the north, Eastern Rumelia and Macedonia in the south.Eastern Rumilia remained under Ottoman control.Its capital is Plovdiv.The whole territory of Eastern Rumelia was located in the southern part of present-day Bulgaria.Rumillia is not the same as Eastern Rumilia.The former, which means "Roman land", originally referred to the Eastern Roman Empire and later to the Ottoman-controlled Balkan Peninsula in the 15th century.Rumelia also refers in particular to the areas south of Bulgaria, north of the Morea Peninsula and east of Albania.From this point of view, the area of present-day southern Bulgaria can also be called "Eastern Rumilia".Under the Treaty of Berlin in 1878, the Ottoman Empire established Eastern Rumillia as an autonomous province.The territory of Eastern Rumelia lies between the Balkans, the Lodopi Mountains and the Strandsha Mountains, which is known to Bulgarians, Greeks and Ottoman Turks as Northern Thrace."
East Rumilia" was a newly created name that the British delegates at the Berlin Conference supported the use.Twenty Bulgarian Muslim villages in the Lodopi Mountains refused to recognize Eastern Rumilia and formed the "Pomak Republic".Under the Treaty of Berlin, the Ottoman Empire still had military and political jurisdiction over Eastern Rumilia, but granted it a high degree of administrative autonomy.The head of the province was a Christian governor appointed by the High Gate and with the consent of the European powers.Macedonia is a mountainous landlocked country located in southern Europe, in the middle of the Balkan Peninsula.It is bordered by Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, Albania to the west, and Serbia to the north.The terrain of Macedonia is mostly mountainous, and the Vardar River runs from north to south.Macedonia was also actually still under the rule of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, but it was not in the same system as Eastern Rumilia, and it was just divided again.The orthodox Kingdom of Bulgaria is naturally the Principality of Bulgaria located in the north of Bulgaria, and it is the Principality of Bulgaria that the Emperor Hua went to visit.t1706231537: